Know about Non-Cancer (Benign) Breast Changes: Cysts

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1 Know about Non-Cancer (Benign) Breast Changes: Cysts For women who have breast changes Princess Margaret Read this brochure to learn: What are benign breast changes How are benign breast changes diagnosed (found) What are cysts What are my treatment options Where do I get more information Please visit the UHN Patient Education website for more health information: University Health Network. All rights reserved. This information is to be used for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for non-commercial personal use only. Author: Dr. Orli Shachar Created: 05/2016 Form: D-8637

2 What are benign (non-cancer) breast changes? Benign means not cancer. Benign breast changes are changes to your breast that are not cancer. Benign breast changes are very common. These changes to your breast are not life-threatening but sometimes they can cause you pain or discomfort. Most women have changes to their breasts during their lifetime. Most of these changes are caused by getting older or by changes in hormones (chemicals that help different parts of your body know how to work). Sometimes you will have no symptoms (signs) at all of these changes. Always get breast or nipple changes like those listed below looked at by your family doctor or your oncologist (cancer doctor). Lumps: A lump (mass) or a firm feeling in or near your breast A lump under your arm Thick or firm tissue in or near your breast Change in the size or shape of your breast Nipple discharge (fluid that comes out by itself without squeezing) or other changes to your nipples: Nipple discharge (fluid that is not breast milk) Nipple discharge that is bloody Nipple changes (nipple that points inward into the breast) Skin changes: Skin on your breast that is itchy, red, scaling, dimpled or puckered 2

3 How are benign breast changes diagnosed (found)? Some benign breast changes can be felt during an exam (physical check) by your doctor or you may notice the changes yourself. Some benign breast changes are found by: A mammogram (x-ray picture of your breast) An ultrasound (a safe, painless test that uses sound waves to make images of the breast) Sometimes a biopsy (when a small sample of the breast is removed for testing) is needed to know what type of benign breast change you have. Read below to learn about the parts of your breast What are the different parts of the breast? The images above show the parts of the breast that can be affected by benign breast conditions. 3

4 Breasts are made up of these main parts: Nipple Lobules (glands that make milk) Milk ducts (part of the breast that moves milk toward the nipple for breast-feeding) Fat Supportive tissue (supports parts of your breast) Connective tissue (connects parts of your breast) Together, the milk ducts and lobules are called glandular breast tissue. The supportive tissue, fat and connective tissue are called stromal breast tissue. Benign breast conditions can affect both kinds of breast tissue. What are cysts? Cysts are round sacs filled with fluid. They often feel smooth and move easily under the skin. You can have one or more breast cysts. Breast cysts are most common in women who are: Premenopausal: have not yet started menopause (the stage when women stop getting their period) Perimenopausal: the time just before a woman starts menopause (the stage when women stop getting their period) The size of breast cysts may change throughout a woman s period. They may feel bigger and more painful just before a woman s period begins. There is a range of breast cysts. Breast cysts can be: Simple Complicated Complex cysts 4

5 Simple cysts: Are filled with fluid Have no septations (inner walls or sections) Have no debris (solid pieces of cells or blood floating in the fluid) Have thin outer walls Complicated cysts: Have septations (inner walls) Have solid parts/debris Complex cysts: Have a thick, uneven wall Have solid parts Will often be biopsied Do not assume any new breast lump is a cyst until an ultrasound or biopsy is done. What are my treatment options? Sometimes you will not need any treatment if the cyst does not cause you pain or discomfort. Cysts may go away by themselves. Cysts can be drained (emptied) if they are large and painful. Complicated or complex cysts may be monitored (watched) by your doctor over time. 5

6 Where can I get more information about breast changes? Visit these websites: National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer American Cancer Society Non-cancerous breast conditions Or visit the Patient & Family Library (main floor of The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre). Phone: ext Website: The development of patient education resources is supported by the Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation. 6

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