(Aedes spp.) 2016:26: %

Transcription

1 ,2 1 1,2 (Zika virus) (Aedes spp.) 2016:26: (Zika virus) 1947 [1] % 19% [2] (07) DOI: /ICJ

2 151 [3] [4,5] (Aedes spp.) [6-12] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [9] 80% [2]

3 152 (hematospermia) (RT- PCR) (7 log10) [13] ,000 [14] RT-PCR [15] ( g e n u s Flavivirus) (Japanese encephalitis virus) (boars ) [16] (Dengue virus) RT-PCR RNA -1 [17] (West Nile virus) [18] [19] ( ) ( ) ( ) 6

4 153 8 [20,21] 3~14 11 [22] 8 8 [21] 2 [21] () 1. Dick GW, Kitchen SF, Haddow AJ: Zika virus I. Isolations and serological specificity. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1952;46: Duffy MR, Chen TH, Hancock WT, et al: Zika virus outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia. N Engl J Med 2009;360: Fauci AS, Morens DM: Zika Virus in the Americas-Yet Another Arbovirus Threat. N Engl J Med 2016;374: Brasil P, Pereira JJ, Raja GC, et al: Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women in Rio de Janeiro- Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med [Epub ahead of print] 5. Cauchemez S, Besnard M, Bompard P, et al: Association between Zika virus and microcephaly 106 8

5 154 in French Polynesia, : a retrospective study. Lancet 2016;387: Hayes EB: Zika virus outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15: Foy BD, Kobylinski KC, Foy JLC, et al: Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2011;17: Hill SL, Russell K, Hennessey M, et al: Transmission of Zika virus through sexual contact with travellers to areas of ongoing transmissioncontinental United States, MMWR 2016;65: D Ortenzio E, Matheron S, de Lamballerie X, et al: Evidence of sexual transmission of Zika virus. N Engl J Med 2016;374: Venturi G, Zammarchi L, Fortuna C, et al: An autochthonous case of Zika due to possible sexual transmission, Florence, Italy, Euro Surveill 2016: World Health Organization (2016, June 7). Prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus. Interim guidance update. Available who.int/csr/resources/publications/zika/sexualtransmission-prevention/en/ 12. Deckard DT, Chung WM, Brooks JT, et al: Maleto-Male Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus-Texas, January MMWR 2016;65: Musso D, Roche C, Robin E, et al: Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2015;21: Mansuy JM, Dutertre M, Mengelle C, et al: Zika virus: high infectious viral load in semen, a new sexually transmitted pathogen? Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16: Atkinson B, Hearn P, Afrough B, et al: Detection of Zika virus in semen. Emerg Infect Dis 2016;22: Habu A, Murakami Y, Ogasa A, et al: Disorder of spermatogenesis and viral discharge into semen in boars infected with Japanese encephalitis virus. Uirusu 1977;27: Hirayama T, Mizuno Y, Takeshita N, et al: Detection of dengue virus genome in urine by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR: a laboratory diagnostic method useful after disappearance of the genome in serum. J Clin Microbiol 2012;50: Barzon L, Pacenti M, Franchin E, et al: Excretion of West Nile virus in urine during acute infection. J Infect Dis 2013;208: Moreira J, Lamas CC, Siqueira A: Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus: Implications for Clinical Care and Public Health Policy. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63: Oster AM, Russell K, Stryker JE, et al: Update: Interim guidance for prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus-united States, MMWR 2016;65: Petersen EE, Polen KN, Meaney-Delman D, et al: Update: Interim guidance for health care providers caring for women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure-united States, MMWR 2016;65: Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, et al: Genetic and serologic properties of Zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, Emerg Infect Dis 2008;14:

6 155 The Possibility of Sexual Transmission and Recommendation for Infection Control of the Zika Virus Yu-Chen Chieng 1, Ching-Tzu Hung 2, Chia-Lin Chen 1, Wei-Ru Lin 1,2 1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 2 Infection Control Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan The Zika virus disease outbreak has continued to spread internationally since May Infection during pregnancy contributes to fetal congenital brain abnormalities, making the disease a public health emergency of international concern. Traditionally, the Zika virus is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. However, recent case reports and studies have shown that sexual transmission is a possible route, including vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, and fellatio. Transmission from a person with symptomatic Zika virus infection to a sexual partner, which occurred before, during or after the onset of Zika symptoms is likely. Zika virus was detected in the blood, urine, saliva, and semen of infected patients. It had a higher viral load and longer persistence in semen than viremia. Thus, these could be used as diagnostic tools and intervention strategies for the control of the Zika virus infection. The World Health Organization issued and updated an interim guideline for the prevention of sexual transmission of the Zika virus, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provided a recommendation for women of reproductive age with possible Zika virus exposure. The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control may develop a policy on whether asymptomatic persons, pregnant women, or women attempting contraception with possible Zika virus exposure should undergo Zika virus testing. Key words: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections, asymptomatic urinary tract infections, bundle care, antibiotics 106 8