Algal Structure AMAL ALGHAMDI 362 MIC 2014
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1 1 Algal Structure AMAL ALGHAMDI 362 MIC 2014
2 The Structure of Algae 2 Most are Eukaryotes Phycology= Study of Algae
3 Algae 3 All algae are eukaryotic. Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil habitats. Photoautotrophs that produce oxygen (except for the water molds, which are fungus-like chemoheterotrophs). Contain chloroplasts (which are structures that generate energy for the cell). The pigment used for photosynthesis can even vary, resulting in algae that appear green, red, or brown.
4 Algae 4 Macroalgae e.g. Seaweed Microalgae e.g. Chlorella
5 Algae 5 How are algae similar to higher plants? How are algae different from higher plants?
6 Similarities 6 Presence of cell wall- mostly cellulosic. Most green algae have a cellular wall, with cellulose content ranging up to 70% of the dry weight. While marine, red, and brown algae the cellulose content is rather low. Autotrophs/primary producers- carry out photosynthesis. Presence of chlorophyll a.
7 Differences 7 Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, and other structures typical of true plants. Algae don t have vascular tissues- non vascular plants. Variations in pigments. Variations in cell structure- unicellular, colonial, and multicellular.
8 Eukaryotic Algae Structure 8 Eukaryotes. Distinct chloroplast, nuclear region, and complex organelles. Thylakoids are grouped into grana.
9 Cellular organization 9 Flagella organs of locomotion. Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis. Thylakoids are present in the chloroplast. The pigments are present in the thylakoids. Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates. Eye-spot- part of chloroplast. It directs the cell towards light.
10 Reproduction 10 3 types Vegetative cell divisions/fragmentation- Part of the filament breaks off from the rest and forms Asexual reproduction- Zoospores after loosing their flagella, forms new filaments. No sexual fusion. Sexual production- Gametes
11 Asexual reproduction 11
12 Sexual reproduction 12 Isogamy- Both have flagella and similar size and morphology. Anisogamy- Gametes Oogamy- gametes with flagella (sperm) fuses with a larger, non-flagellated gamete (egg).
13 Morphological Characteristics 13 Unicellular Algae: Motile e.g. Chlamydomonas sp., Euglena sp. Non-motile e.g. Chlorella sp. Multicellular Algae: Colonial e.g. Volvox sp.
14 Morphological Characteristics 14 Filamentous Algae: Single algae cells that form long visible chains. e.g. Spirogyra sp. Coenocytic Algae: Composed of one large cell without cross-walls. e.g. Vaucheria sp.
15 Morphological Characteristics 15 Multicellular Algae: Have large, complex, leaf-like thallus. e.g. Ulva sp. Diatoms: Have silica cell walls. e.g. Diatoma sp., Cyclotella sp.
16 Examples 16
17 17 Chlamydomonas sp. Unicellular, motile cells. Cup-shaped chloroplast, with pyrenoid.
18 18 Chlorella sp. Unicellular, non-motile cells. Cup-shaped chloroplast, with pyrenoid.
19 19 Nostoc sp. & Anabaenae sp. Filamentous cyanobacteria. Exists as a plankton. Under N2 limitation conditions, vegetative cells differentiate into heterocycts.
20 20 Spirogyra sp. Filamentous green algae. Spiral-shaped chloroplast.
21 21 Zygnema sp. Filamentous green algae. Star-shaped chloroplast.
22 22 Volvox sp. Multicellular colony. خاليا جسدية
23 23 Baciilariophytae (Diatoms) : منظر حزامي منظر مصراعي
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