Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format.

Transcription

1 LESSON 20 TEACHER S GUIDE by Allen Woods Fountas-Pinnell Level U Nonfiction Selection Summary In 79 C.E., Mount Vesuvius erupted and buried the ancient Roman city of Herculaneum. Everyone in the town was killed. Years later, a new city was built over Herculaneum. Workers digging a well discovered the buried, mud-covered city in The intact city showed what life was like there 2,000 years ago. Number of Words: 1,429 Characteristics of the Text Genre Nonfi ction Text Structure Six short chapters with subheads Each chapter informs about a different aspect of life 2,000 years ago Content Ancient Roman life in Herculaneum Volcanic eruption Discovery of a buried city Themes and Ideas Scientists draw conclusions about past cultures by studying artifacts. Details help scientists visualize the lives of ancient people. Language and Facts explained with details and examples. Literary Features Metaphor: The Sleeping Giant Wakes Up Sentence Complexity Many simple sentences. Some exclamations Vocabulary Context clues help defi ne vocabulary Terms related to volcanoes such as tremors, dormant Terms related to Roman cities infrastructure: aqueducts, baths Words Primarily one or two syllable words Phonetic pronunciation follows place names on fi rst reference Illustrations Color photographs on most pages One full page color photo (page 8) Book and Print Features Thirteen pages of text with photos on most pages Short captions add simple details Table of contents Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Copyright by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Permission is hereby granted to individual teachers using the corresponding (discipline) Leveled Readers to photocopy student worksheets from this publiion in classroom quantities for instructional use and not for resale. Requests for information on other matters regarding dupliion of this work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, Attn: Contracts, Copyrights, and Licensing, 9400 SouthPark Center Loop, Orlando, Florida Printed in the U.S.A If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company retains title to the materials and they may not be resold. Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited. Possession of this publiion in print format does not entitle users to convert this publiion, or any portion of it, into electronic format. 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 1 11/5/09 10:14:55 PM

2 by Allen Woods Build Background Help students use their knowledge of ancient civilizations to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: Have you ever visited or seen pictures of an ancient city? What sorts of things did you see? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photo. Explain that this 2,000 year old city was buried in time. Introduce the Text Guide students through the text, noting important ideas and nonfiction features. Help with unfamiliar language so they can read the text successfully. Give special attention to target vocabulary. Here are some suggestions: Page 3: Tell students that this selection is about a city called Herculaneum. Have students practice saying Herculaneum using the pronunciation guide. Suggested language: Herculaneum was a city near a dormant volcano, Mt. Vesuvius. What does dormant mean? The text says the volcano erupted in 79 C.E. Ask: How could a tremor shake a city? Page 4: Point out the picture and read the caption.tell students that after the volcano erupted, a mud slide buried the city. Read the fi rst two sentences of the third paragraph. What sorts of imprints might the scientists have found? Pages 5 6: Point out that captions can give clues about information in the text. What do the captions on these pages tell you about Herculaneum? Page 7: Have students look at the photograph and read the chapter heading and the caption. Explain that public baths were a place to get clean with hot water and were an important part of Roman social life. Page 10: Read the chapter head. Ask: Why do you think rich Romans would eat dinner on a couch? Do you think rich Romans ate simple food or fancy food in their opulent homes? Now turn back to the beginning and read to fi nd out about what scientists discovered in the buried city. dormant inactive, p. 3 imprints outline of the shape of an object, p. 4 luxurious costly, p. 3 meager too small, or not enough, p.14 opulent having a grand or showy style, p. 10 outlying far from the center of something, p. 9 salvage to save something from being lost or destroyed, p. 6 subjected being forced to tolerate or undergo something, p. 3 tremors underground rumblings that cause the ground to shake, p. 3 unaffected unchanged or unbothered by something, p. 4 2 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 2 12/9/09 8:41:31 AM

3 Read Have students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the selection as needed. Remind students to use the Visualize Strategy and to picture in their minds what life was like for rich Romans and for slaves in the ancient city of Herculaneum. Discuss and Revisit the Text Personal Response Invite students to share their personal responses to the text. Suggested language: What information did you find most interesting about the buried city? Ways of Thinking As you discuss the text, help students understand these points: Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text In 79 C.E., a volcano erupted, covering Herculaneum in mud. Mt. Vesuvius s eruption killed everyone. Workers found the buried city in 1709 and scientists are still studying it today. Scientists can learn about the culture and lifestyles of rich Romans by studying artifacts from the buried city. People s needs for food, shelter, and recreation remain constant. The experience of living in Herculaneum would have been very different for wealthy people than it would have been for enslaved people Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H. Table of contents and chapter heads provide a preview of the content. Photos help readers to visualize life 2,000 years ago. Simple captions help readers interpret photos. Choices for Further Support Fluency Invite students to choose a passage from the text to read aloud in partners. Suggest that they try reading a couple of pages as if they were on a dig to discover facts about the buried city. Comprehension Based on your observations of the students reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas. Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Remind students that the prefi x im means toward or not and changes the meaning of a word as in print / imprint. Provide other examples, such as proper, balance, and mature. 3 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 3 12/9/09 8:52:47 AM

4 Writing about Reading Vocabulary Practice Have students complete the Vocabulary questions on BLM Responding Have students use their Reader s Notebook to complete the vocabulary activities on page 15. Remind them to answer the Word Teaser on page 16. (Answer: outlying) Reading Nonfiction Nonfiction Features: Captions and Photos Remind students that nonfiction has many features to help readers find and understand important information. Captions and photos are two of these features. Explain that captions can be simple sentences, as in this book, or longer sentences. Captions tell what a photo or map or diagram is about. Reading the captions in a nonfiction book is a good way to preview the book before reading the main text. Photos are another important source of information. They often add information that is not in the text. Have students look again at the photo on page 5. Ask what information they can learn from the photo (the size of the shops, the width of the road). Then have students look at page 3, which does not have a photo. Have them suggest a photo and write a caption for it, based on what they read on the page. Writing Prompt: Thinking Beyond the Text Have students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think beyond the text, they use their personal knowledge to reach new understandings. Assessment Prompts On page 3, why is the third paragraph important to the book? What is the meaning of the word meager on page 14? What does the author expect scientists might still fi nd? 4 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 4 11/5/09 10:35:05 PM

5 English Language Development Reading Support Pair beginning and intermediate readers to read the text softly, or have students listen to the audio or online recordings. Or have beginning speakers read the captions. Cultural Support The explosion of Mount Vesuvius is familiar in many parts of the world, so students may already know something about it. Provide background if necessary. Tell them that Mt. Vesuvius is on the coast of the Bay of Naples in Italy. Explain that it has erupted many times since it buried the city of Herculaneum and it is still considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world. Oral Language Development Check student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students English proficiency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student. Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced Speaker 1: What happened to the city of Herculaneum? Speaker 2: A volcano exploded and buried it. Speaker 1: What happened to all the people? Speaker 2: They were killed. Speaker 1: What preserved the buried city? Speaker 2: Mudslides caused by the erupting volcano preserved the city. Speaker 1: Who vaioned in the buried city? Speaker 2: Rich Romans vaioned in the city. Speaker 1: Why do scientists study the buried city? Speaker 2: They study the city to learn about the daily lives and customs of ancient people. Speaker 1: How and when was the city accidentally discovered? Speaker 2: It was found in 1709 by workers digging for a well. Name Date Lesson 20 BLACKLINE MASTER 20.1 Fill in the chart below with the missing definitions, examples, and non-examples. Then finish the chart with three of the remaining words. Possible responses shown. Vocabulary tremors outlying opulent imprints subjected salvage meager dormant unaffected luxurious Word Short Definition Example Non-example opulent rich and a royal palace a shack plentiful imprints to stamp or mark footprints in mud dormant not active a leafless tree in winter smooth sand an erupting volcano. All rights reserved. 3, Unit 4: Treasures of the Ancient World 5 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 5 1/12/10 4:21:14 PM

6 Name Date Thinking Beyond the Text Think about the question below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs. Remember that when you think beyond the text, you use your personal knowledge to reach new understanding. On page 5, the caption says: Today, people can walk through Herculaneum s marketplace. Why do you think people would want to see the market where Romans shopped nearly 2,000 years ago? What clues about their lives would you look for if you could walk through the city today? 6 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 6 7/24/09 3:48:43 PM

7 Name Date Lesson 20 BLACKLINE MASTER 20.1 Fill in the chart below with the missing definitions, examples, and non-examples. Then finish the chart with three of the remaining words. Vocabulary tremors outlying opulent imprints subjected salvage meager dormant unaffected luxurious Word Short Definition Example Non-example opulent a royal palace a shack imprints to stamp or mark smooth sand dormant not active a leafless tree in winter 7 Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 7 7/24/09 3:48:44 PM

8 Student Date Lesson 20 BLackline master level u Running Record Form page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections 3 Almost 2,000 years ago, about 1 million people crowded the streets of Rome. The richest Romans liked to get away from Rome. Some built luxurious houses in the city of Herculaneum (hur kyuh LAY nee uhm). It was about 100 miles south on the ocean. The ocean brought cool breezes. Only about 5,000 people lived there. Mount Vesuvius was also nearby. It was a dormant volcano. So people didn t worry about it. In 79 c.e., tremors shook Herculaneum. The volcano erupted and a black cloud covered the sky. Some people ran to the ocean. But the rough water made escape impossible. Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/ ) % Total Self- Corrections Behavior Code Error Read word correctly Repeated word, sentence, or phrase Omission Behavior Code Error Substitution cut 1 Self-corrects Insertion Word told cut sc 0 the ˆ 1 T Lesson 20: 6_308906_BL_VRTG_L20_cityburiedintime.indd 8 11/5/09 10:38:31 PM