1153 David succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV who soon after confirmed the abbey s charter. Henry II Malcolm IV

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1 Alexander I Monks moved to Kelso just across the river from David s Royal Burgh of Roxburgh 1153 David succeeded by his grandson Malcolm IV who soon after confirmed the abbey s charter 1100 David I Henry II William I the Lion Arbroath Abbey founded by monks from Kelso 1200 Henry I Prince David, Earl of Cumbria brought monks from Tiron to Selkirk 1124 David succeeded his brother Alexander as King of Scotland Stephen David I intervened in the civil war in England - defeated at the Battle of the Standard Malcolm IV David s only son Henry buried before high altar of Kelso Abbey C 1170 Abbot John travelled to Rome and was awarded right of abbots to wear mitre 1175 William the Lion, captured in battle did homage to Henry II - later bought it back from Richard I Richard I Lion Heart Abbey of Lindores founded by monks from Kelso John

2 1295 King John signed alliance with France against England - the Auld Alliance 1214 Abbot Henry attended General Church Council in Rome 1263 Battle of Largs recovered Hebrides for Scotland 1290 Abbot Richard of Kelso supported claim of John Balliol to Scottish throne King John of England signed the Magna Carta Alexander III Accidental death of Alexander III 1300 Alexander II Henry III Marriage of Alexander II to sister of Henry III of England at Roxburgh marked by banquet at Abbey 1237 Treaty of York broadly settled borderline between Scotland and England 1243 David de Bernham Bishop of St Andrews dedicated the recently completed Abbey church 1255 Henry III at Roxburgh - royal procession to Kelso Abbey Edward I Margaret the Maid of Norway Death of Margaret Maid of Norway - thirteen people claimed the throne 1296 Edward I invaded Scotland - Wars of Independence started 1296 Edward I s invasion - staying at Roxburgh, took homage of Abbot Richard and many others John Balliol

3 1313 James Douglas captured Roxburgh Castle from English for King Robert Bruce David II Charter of David II allowed monks to cut timber in royal forests to repair Abbey 1377 Scots attacked and burned town of Roxburgh 1300 Edward III David II taken prisoner at battle of Neville s Cross Robert II Robert I the Bruce Edward II Battle of Bannockburn 1320 Declaration of Arbroath for Scottish independence C 1316 Report that damage caused by the wars had reduced Kelso s monks to begging 1334 Renewed war with England - Roxburgh again in English hands - David II sent to France for safety with his tutor Abbot William de Dalgarnock of Kelso 1328 Treaty of Edinburgh/ Northampton recognised Robert the Bruce king Black Death spread from England to Scotland with devastating effects 1355 Burnt Candlemas - Edward III s army devastated southern Scotland 1366 Letter of protection for Kelso Abbey from Edward III Richard II Robert III Henry IV

4 1400 Henry V The Foul Raid - failed attempt by Scots to recapture Roxburgh and Berwick James II Start of the Wars of the Roses between the Yorkists and Lancastrians James III Scotland acquired Orkney and Shetland from Norway 1485 Battle of Bosworth ended the Wars of the Roses Richard III James I Henry VI murdered James I s unsuccessful siege of Roxburgh Castle Edward IV & Henry VII Tudor War - Henry VII granted letter of protection to Kelso Abbey 1402 Scots defeated by English at Homildon Hill 1415 Henry V won the battle of Agincourt in France 1460 James II laying siege to Roxburgh Castle killed by explosion of his own cannon - James III aged eight crowned King at Kelso Abbey - Roxburgh captured by Scots James IV

5 1500 James 1513 In confusion following Flodden Ker of Ferniehurst forcibly installed his brother as Abbot of Kelso V James Stewart illegitimate son of James V made Commendator of Kelso Abbey 1534 Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholic Church - England became Protestant 1542 James V s army defeated at Solway Moss 1545 The Rough Wooing - English under Hertford besieged and captured Kelso Abbey which was then mostly destroyed with gunpowder 1548 Mary Queen of Scots sent to France for safety Mary Queen Mary returned from France 1567 Queen Mary defeated and forced to abdicate - later fled to England 1587 Mary executed for conspiring against Queen Elizabeth 1600 James VI Marriage of Margaret Tudor to James IV 1513 James IV defeated and killed with 10,000 Scots at Battle of Flodden 1523 English under Lord Dacre sacked town and Abbey of Kelso Mary Queen of Scots Edward VI Reformation Parliament established Protestant religion in Scotland 1587 The haill monkis of the abbay of Kelso ar decessit Henry VIII John Duncan cleric of Glasgow wrote his report on the Abbey 1542 English forces burned Roxburgh and Kelso Protestantism established in Scotland - mob attacked abbey destroying images and altars - West end of Abbey converted to use as Protestant parish church The Rough Wooing - Hertford s invasions devastated southern Scotland Elizabeth

6 1688 James II and VII driven out during Glorious Revolution 1600 Charles I Scots signed National Covenant against Charles I s changes to the Scottish church 1649 Charles I executed by English Parliamentarians after Civil War 1660 Charles II restored to the throne James II & VII Union of the Crowns James VI of Scotland and I of England Robert Ker of Cessford to whom James VI gave lands of Kelso Abbey created Lord Roxburgh 1639 Covenanting army of General Leslie used Abbey as barracks 1649 Repairs to west end of Abbey used as parish church Charles II Grammar School built within ruins of Abbey William & Mary

7 1700 George I George II Bonnie Prince Charlie led Second Jacobite rebellion but defeated at Culloden Fall of masonry from roof led to fears of church s collapse 1789 Start of French Revolution 1800 Anne Treaty of Union united Scottish and English Parliaments 1715 First Jacobite Rebellion 1715 Jacobite army held service in Abbey - James the Old Pretender declared rightful king George III New parish church built in graveyard - Abbey church abandoned C 1780 New Grammar School built - attended 1783 by Walter Scott Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars with France

8 1800 George IV Victoria Duke of Roxburgh began clearing of abbey and repairs to main structures - used for family burials William IV Crimean War 1870/72 Education Act brought education for all 1832 First Parliamentary Reform Act

9 Memorial Cloister for Roxburghe family burial built - architect Robert Fairlie 1900 George V Start of Second World War 1948 National Health Service started 2000 Edward VII Start of First World War 1919 Abbey ruins came into care of Ministry of Works [Historic Scotland] Edward VIII 1936 George VI Elizabeth Devolution Act restored the Scottish Parliament 2013 Kelso Abbey 900

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