Conservation & Management of Marine Mammals in the Pacific Islands Region. With Fa afetai Lava to: Sue Taei Lui Bell Mick McIntyre Mike Donoghue et al
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1 With Faafetai Lava to: Sue Taei Lui Bell Mick McIntyre Mike Donoghue et al
2 Overview Pacific Cultural and geopolitical context Status of key species - SPWRC Regional action plans SPREP WDAP/CMS National Sanctuaries and their management Whale watching in the Pacific Regional whale & dolphin watching guidelines. Pacific Partnerships Lessons learned
3 Micronesia Melanesia Polynesia Oceania
4 Samoa Conservation & Management of Marine Mammals in the Papua New Guinea Vanuatu Tonga Geo-political context Very diverse cultural values of marine mammals across the region IWC membership in the region is 6 Pacif ic Island countries (Kiribati, Nauru, Palau, Tuvalu, Solomon Is, Marshall Is) + Australia, New Zealand However across the region whales mostly Tapu 10 national whale sanctuaries = 18 million km 2
5 Whaling in Oceania Concentrated on humpback and sperm whales 60,000 humpbacks killed in the South Pacific Massive illegal whaling campaign by Soviets Humpbacks reduced to a f ew hundred animals by 1964 Now estimated 13,000 across Oceania 10,000 East coast of Australia 3,000 throughout Pacific Islands Sperm whales, Australia, 1970 s
6 Other Threats Boat traffic; shipping, unregulated tourism, seismic operations Fisheries interactions Entanglement, depredation, by-catch Live capture Pollution
7 South Pacific Whale Research Consortium 10 years researching marine mammals across 14 PI countries Conservation and science working groups Underpin regional action plans and CMS agreements Comprehensive assessment of humpback whales in Oceania National whale sanctuaries Capacity building
8 South Pacific Whale Research Consortium
9 N= N=311 13* 7 2 N=22 N= N=>96 Samoa N=16 1* 1 N=359 A.Samoa N=42 Area V Area VI Area I 2 Movements of humpback whales in Oceania
10 Conservation & Management of Marine Mammals in the Oceania Humpbacks 2008 IUCN Red List Endangered status (work of SPWRC) Marine tourism f ocus and economic life line of many Pacific Islands Trans-boundary migration and little known about population status = difficult to manage Dedicated funding?? SPWRC & SPREP with support from the Australian Gov t, PEW and IFAW are developing a recovery plan for Oceania humpbacks in April 2010
11 32 million km2 30 species Status of most species unknown!
12 Regional Frameworks for Marine Mammal Management & Conservation 1. SPREP Whale and Dolphin Action Plan ( ) 2. CMS MoU for the Conservation of Marine Mammals and their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region 3. South Pacific Whale Research Consortium (Conservation Committee & Sci Committee) Supported and partnered by NGO s
13 1. SPREP Secretariat of the Paci fic Regional Environment Program Pacific Islands region covers 32 million sq km, only 2% is land covered 25 member IGO Protection of the natural heritage of the Pacific islands region through conservation and sustainable management
14 SPREP Regional Marine Species Programme Regional Action Plans f or: Dugongs Marine Turtles Whales & Dolphins Sharks (in development) Developed by Govt Members & NGO Partners Endorsed by Council Implementation collective responsibility member states, SPREP, partner NGOs and IGOs, and private sector
15 Whale & Dolphin Action Plan Themes (9): Themes, Objectives & Actions 1: National, Regional and International Collaboration and Cooperation; 2: Threat Reduction; 3: Ecosystem / Habitat Protection; 4: Capacity Building; 5: Education and Awareness; 6: Cultural Significance and Value; 7: Legislation and Policy; 8: Research and Monitoring; 9: Whale and Dolphin-based Tourism
16 2. CMS Mou For The Conservation Of Cetaceans And Their Habitats In The 2 nd Meeting of parties, Auckland 09 Tuuu Samoa Director Environment
17 CMS Pacific Cetacean MoU Negotiations started in 2004, involved 3 regional meetings Opened for signing in SPREP member countries & 6 collaborating organizations have signed Legally non-binding Covers all species of Cetaceans MoU Action Plan is the SPREP regional W DAP
18 National Whale Sanctuaries
19
20 Sanctuary Management: Based on local needs, capacity, situation Involvement of communities, traditional owners, and different stakeholders in the planning and management process Sanctuary Plan of Management Niue, Samoa, Fiji Niue Samoa
21 Whale Watching in the Pacific Islands
22 Opportunities The growth potential and economic benef its of cetacean-based tourism has proved an effective argument against the killing of whales
23 Pacific Whale Watching Report Growth 45% a year Experiencing strong annual growth far in excess of annual regional tourism growth of 7.3%. Estimated value of industry USD $21 million per year
24 Countries Involved and Level of Development Established industry: Tonga, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Guam Developing: Niue, Cook Islands, Fiji, Mainly opportunistic: Samoa, Vanuatu, PNG, and American Samoa.
25 Swim with Programs Tonga, Niue, French Polynesia Most operators involved in other seasonal activities eg Fishing, diving, kayaking Regulations variable
26 Compliance is better than enforcement Humpback whale New Caledonia
27 Issues relating to growth of the whale watching industry Impact on cetacean populations Demand for responsable tourism Legislation of regulations and sanctuaries Need for scientific research
28 Issues for Consideration The growth of whale watching in the PIR has continued rapidly. The management of the industry (and its related reputation) will be critical for the long term f uture of cetacean-based tourism in the PIR There is a growing demand from whale watch tourists that tour operators behave ethically and provide a high level of education Support for research into impacts of the industry and resulting management responses are an essential tool in management process.
29 Special Individuals Minister of Environment - Special approach distances or regulations may apply State and federal waters - different jurisdiction Media frenzy, boats, helicopters. Migaloo
30 Whale Watch Guide Training & Certification Program
31 Whale watch guide certification program Internationally, guidelines promote the practice of education on whale watching vessels and the training and accreditation of guides; In some whale watching countries, such as Tonga (Vavau) & Australia, it is a license requirement of whale watching operators and their guides to undergo specif ic whale watch guide training such as the one developed by Whale Alive The program is consistent with best practice and meets the skill needs of whale watch operators and guides. The program also involves training for the Govt managers of the industry to aid enf orcement
32 Sessions in classroom and on the Water
33 Operator Training Dominica Tonga Australia Vanuatu New Caledonia
34 National Marine Mammal Workshops Samoa Vanuatu Tonga
35 Pacific Whale & Dolphin Watching Working Group Auckland, New Zealand, April 08 Attended by 35 delegates from 13 countries & territories
36 Pacific Whale & Dolphin Watching Working Group 2 days of presentations and working groups 1 day on the water Developed al Guidelines for Whale & Dolphin Watching
37 al Guidelines f or Whale & Dolphin W atching Draft guidelines circulated to all stakeholders 1 month before working group Based on harmonization of global best practice and regional examples Designed to be a template for Govt allowing for adaptation for local conditions and industry framework 2 Sections: Management considerations Guidelines for interaction
38 al Guidelines f or Whale & Dolphin W atching Overarching Principles: Ensuring the conservation of cetaceans and their habitats in the Pacific Islands region. Ensuring a precautionary approach to the development and management of whale watching in the region. Minimizing the impact of whale watching activities in the region. Promoting and respecting cultural values of whales, dolphins and the marine environment to Pacific Island peoples. Providing long-term economic benefits and opportunities to local communities.
39 Venus Outreach & education Vanuatu Tonga
40
41 Pacific Partnerships IGOs, NGOs researchers, Governments SPREP SPWRC IFAW Whales Alive PEW WDCS WWF
42 Some Lessons learned PIR has all the tools available to be an example in the management of marine mammal conservation and tourism however often1 step forward, 2 steps back Taking a regional approach to management provides many benefits when there is lack of funds and capacity Challenge: to implement at a national level Role of IGOs and NGOs critical in supporting Gov t and community to implement regional and national Action Plans
43 Captain Drew Gollan
44 Malo Aupito Lahi
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