Bio EOC Questions for DNA and Protein Synthesis
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1 Bio EOC Review Topics for DNA and Protein Synthesis o DNA: structure - What are the parts of a nucleotide? sugar, acid, N-bases (and be able to identify these parts on a diagram) A-T / T-A / C-G / G-C (complementary N-base pairing between 2 strands in DNA molecule) types of bonds that hold the DNA molecule together overall shape - twisted ladder - 2 strands (double helix) location of DNA in a cell how DNA replicates how its code is used to make proteins for the cell (incl. RNA and ribosomes) purpose o definition of a gene o How one protein is different from another? o RNA Importance of RNA in making proteins Different RNA molecues rrna; mrna; trna Transcription, translation, replication steps, purpose, location Be able to use/read mrna triplet codon chart to identify amino acids o Differences/similarities between DNA & RNA # strands type of sugar differences in bases phosphate groups o Relationship between cell, nucleus, chromosomes, genes, DNA and RNA o Mutations - definition, how they can be passed on to offspring, what causes mutations o If each cell in your body has the same DNA, what causes you to have different cell and tissue types in your body? o Karyotype be able to identify normal vs. abnormal, boy vs. girl Bio EOC Questions for DNA and Protein Synthesis Note: These questions may or may not be the same form or content as the questions on the EOC test. They are provided as a study guide and to help remind you of concepts that you have learned this year. 1. Sequence the following: RNA arrives at the ribosomes Chromosomes contain a DNA code RNA gets the directions for making proteins from DNA RNA acts as a messenger and moves out of the nucleus RNA makes a copy of the DNA code in the nucleus 2. Sequence the following in order from smallest (#1) to largest (#6): cell chromosomes nucleus DNA gene nucleotide 3. Sequence in order from smallest (#1) to largest (#3) nucleotide nucleic acid deoxyribose sugar
2 tion/images/dna_replication.gif web.gif 4. How many complete nucleotides shown above? 5. What process is shown above? 6. Name & explain this pattern of base pairing? 7. How many molecules result from completion of this process? How will they compare to eachother? To the original? 8. What makes up a nucleotide? 9. Where does this process occur in a eukaryotic cell?
3 Questions The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented by number (1) 1 (2) 3 (3)2 (4)4 11. What is an example of a molecule produced by this type of process? 1. glucose 2. a fatty acid 3. glycogen 4. a protein 12 The bond labeled 5, formed between two amino acids, is known as 1. a peptide bond 2. an ionic bond 3. a hydrogen bond 4. a carboxyl bond 13. A mutation may occur in a gene as a result of the 1. synthesis of a spindle apparatus 2. loss of a nucleotide 3. loss of a nucleolus 4. replication of centromeres Continued below
4 14. The chromosomes of a person with a genetic disorder are shown in the diagram at the right. This genetic disorder resulted from 1. hybridization 3. nondisjunction 2. polyploidy 4. segregation Use the information and chart below to complete questions In DNA, a sequence of three bases is a code for the placement of a certain amino acid in a protein chain. The table below shows some amino acids with their abbreviations and DNA codes. 15. Which amino acid chain would be produced by the DNA base sequence to the right? 16. Identify one environmental factor that could cause a base sequence in DNA to be changed to a different base sequence. 17. Describe how a protein would be changed if a base sequence mutates from GGA to TGA.
5 Answers to questions: DNA replication 6. Complimentary base pairing A-T and C-G 7. 2 identical identical 8. deoxyribose sugar N base phosphate group 9. nucleus 10. (1) (4) a protein 12. (1) a peptide bond 13. (2) loss of a nucleotide 14. (3) nondisjunction 15. (3) val-glu-phe-asp-asp-thr 16. x-rays; uv radiation 17. The amino acid sequence would not be the same. The original code is for Proline and the new code is for Threonine. This would make a whole new polypeptide sequence that would function in a different way then was intended.
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