La Chemioterapia Adiuvante Dose-Dense. Lo studio GIM 2. Alessandra Fabi
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1 La Chemioterapia Adiuvante Dose-Dense Lo studio GIM 2 Alessandra Fabi
2 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 GIM 2 study Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide (EC) followed by Paclitaxel (T) versus Fluorouracil, Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide (FEC) followed by T, all given every 3 weeks or 2 weeks, in node-positive early breast cancer (BC) patients (pts). Final results of the Gruppo Italiano Mammella (GIM)-2 randomized phase III study Francesco Cognetti, Paolo Bruzzi, Sabino De Palcido, Michele De Laurentiis, Corrado Boni, Enrico Aitini, Antonio Durando, Anna Turletti, Enrichetta Valle, Ornella Garrone, Fabio Puglisi, Filippo Montemurro, Sandro Barni, Beatrice Di Blasio, Teresa Gamucci, Cesare Gridelli, Nina Olmeo, Carlo Tondini, Anna Maria Parisi, Claudia Bighin, Simona Pastorino, Matteo Lambertini, Lucia Del Mastro, on behalf of GIM group
3
4 Valter Torri PM Giudici Persona informata sui fatti Testimone
5 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium December 10-14, 2013 Assumption and Background Anthracyclines and taxanes are mainstays in treating women with axillary node-positive breast cancer, Hryniuk and Levine, first suggested that dose-dense adjuvant CT was correlated to disease-free survival in breast cancer [1]. Based on mathematical modeling of tumor growth [2,3], shortening the interval between treatment cycles from every 3 weeks to 2 weeks, or using a dose-dense schedule, improved the outcome for patients with breast cancer with axillary node-positive disease [4]. Randomized trials demonstrated a significant survival for pts with LN+ BC breast, treated with dose-dense (2 week intervals) CT + G-CSF support compared to conventional 3-week schedules [4]. Despite pooled analysis of phase III trials showed that dose-dense CT is superior to standard interval CT, additional data from randomized controlled trials are needed before dose-dense chemotherapy can be considered as the standard of care [5] Among the different antracycline-based regimens commonly used before taxanes, both AC/EC and FAC/FEC are administered and no data are available on the usefulness of adding 5-fluorouracil to AC/EC 1 Hryniuk and Levine, Clin Oncol 1986; 2 Norton & Simon, Cancer Treat Reports 1986, Norton, 3 Cancer Res, 1988, 4 Citron et al, J Ckin Oncol 2003, 5 Bonilla, J Nat Cancer Inst 2010
![Based on mathematical modeling of tumor growth [2,3], shortening the interval between treatment cycles from every 3 weeks to 2 weeks, or using a dose-dense schedule, improved the outcome for patients](/docs-images/40/2624742/images/page_5.jpg "with breast cancer with axillary node-positive disease [4].")
6 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - December 10-14, 2013 Aims and statistical considerations The study was aimed at assessing two separate hypotheses: Efficacy and safety of 5-FU in addition to EC->T Efficacy and safety of a dose-dense CT vs conventional CT Primary end point: Invasive Disease Free Survival (IDFS) (events: Invasive ipsilateral breast, local/regonal recurrence, distant recurrence, Death from any cause, invasive contralayteral BC, second primary invasive cancer non breast) Secondary end points: Overall survival, toxicity The study was designed to detect a 20% relative reduction in the incidence of relapse, second tumor or death (OR=0.80). Assuming an alpha error of 0.05 (two sided) and a power of 0.80, 635 events were required (2000 pts with an average follow-up of years)
7 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 Study design: FACTORIAL ARM A EC x 4 cycles -> T x 4 cycles q3 wks ARM B FEC x 4 cycles -> T x 4 cycles q3 wks ARM C EC x 4 cycles -> T x 4 cycles q2 wks + Pegfilgrastim ARM D FEC x 4 cycles -> T x cycles 4 q2 wks + Pegfilgrastim EC vs FEC q3 wks vs q2 wks *EC- Epirubicin 90 mg/m² IV bolus, Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m² IV bolus, every 2 or 3 weeks *T - Paclitaxel 175 mg/m² IV 3-hour infusion, every 2 or 3 weeks *FEC - Fluorouracil 600 mg/m² IV bolus, Epirubicin 90 mg/m² IV bolus, Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m² IV bolus, every 2 or 3 weeks.
8 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 Operable breast cancer Histologically positive nodes 2091 Patients randomized EC q3 wks* n=545 FEC q3 wks* n=544 EC q2 wks n=502 FEC q2 wks n=500 q3 wks vs q2 wks Comparison FEC vs EC Comparison ITT Analysed : 1089 vs 1002 pts ITT Analysed : 1044 vs 1047 pts * 5 out of 81 centers choosed to randomize pts only in the 2-arm study (FEC q3 wks vs EC q3 wks)
9 General overview First patient in 24/04/2003 Last patient in 03/07/2006 Total patients 2091 Total number of centers 91 Centers no pts 10 Centers with pts 81 (at least 1 randomized pt)
10 Patients Characteristics according to Regimen EC21 FEC21 EC14 FEC14 No Pz % No Pz % No Pz % No Pz % Total enrolled AGE Median Range MENOPAUSAL STATUS Pre Post SURGERY Conservative Mastectomy HISTOLOGIC TYPE Invasive ductal carcinoma Invasive lobular carcinoma Other TUMOR SIZE T T T T Unknown N of POSITIVE NODES Unknown
11 Patients Characteristics according to Regimen EC21 FEC21 EC14 FEC14 No Pz % No Pz % No Pz % No Pz % Total enrolled HISTOLOGIC GRADE Grade Grade Grade Unknown HER2 STATUS HER HER Unknown HORMONAL RECEPTORS ER+ and/or PR ER- and PR Unknown Ki67 value (% of positive cells) Unknown
12 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 COMPLIANCE WITH THERAPY EC21 FEC21 EC14 FEC14 No. of Patients % No. of Patients % No. of Patients % No. of Patients % Total enrolled Completed 8 cycles With no delay and/or dose reduction With some delay With some dose reduction With delay and dose reduction Discontinued Toxicity Early relapse Refusal Other Not begun
13 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - December 10-14, 2013 Event in the intention to Treat Population EC21 FEC21 EC14 FEC14 No. Pz % No. Pz % No. Pz % No. Pz % Total enrolled OS Total deaths IDFS Total events Relapse Local only, regional only, or both Distant Concurrent Distant and + Locoregional relapse Unknown Second primary malignancy Primary breast cancer Second primary tumor, non-breast Death without relapse OS= OVERALL SURVIVAL; IDFS= INVASIVE DISEASE SURVIVAL
14 Results
15 Probability of IDFS (%) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - December 10-14, 2013 FEC q3 wks FEC q2 wks EC q3 wks EC q2 wks p for interaction =0.630
16 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 EC vs FEC
17 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 Risk of recurrence : EC vs FEC recurrences/patients (%) Hazard Ratio with 95% CI IDFS EC % FEC % Hazard ratio (95% CI) p for interaction AGE GROUP <40 44/146 30,1 45/132 34,1 0,867 (0,571-1,317) 0, /321 19,0 65/307 21,2 0,957 (0,674-1,358) /337 22,8 81/345 23,5 0,99 (0,725-1,354) /243 28,4 79/260 30,4 0,906 (0,655-1,252) MENOPAUSAL STATUS Pre 108/513 21,1 125/508 24,6 0,874 (0,675-1,131) 0,426 Post 143/534 26,8 145/536 27, ,002 (0,795-1,263) TYPE of SURGERY Conservative 140/636 22,0 136/633 21,5 1,055 (0,833-1,336) 0,196 Mastectomy 111/411 27,0 134/411 32,6 0,837 (0,650-1,077) HISTOLOGIC TYPE Invasive ductal carcinoma 203/845 24,0 223/847 26,3 0,925 (0,765-1,119) 0,742 Invasive lobular carcinoma 32/118 27,1 37/140 26,4 1,091 (0,676-1,759) Other 16/84 19,0 10/57 17,5 1,125 (0,510-2,479) TUMOR SIZE T1 98/545 18,0 99/515 19,2 0,972 (0,735-1,285) 0,994 T2 127/420 30,2 138/441 31,3 0,962 (0,756-1,224) T3-T4 26/75 34,7 33/86 38,4 0,993 (0,593-1,662) N of POSITIVE NODES /646 17,5 92/603 15,3 1,189 (0,903-1,566) 0, /251 24,7 99/271 36,5 0,661 (0481-0,908) 10 76/150 50,7 79/170 46,5 1,166 (0,851-1,597) HISTOLOGIC GRADE Grade 1 3/69 4,3 9/68 13,2 0,347 (0,094-1,281) 0,19 Grade 2 94/461 20,4 109/478 22,8 0,912 (0,692-1,203) Grade 3 153/510 30,0 149/493 30,2 1,008 (0,804-1,263) HER2 STATUS HER2+ 66/228 28,6 73/252 29,0 1 (0,716-1,395) 0,736 HER2-150/662 22,7 150/631 23,8 0,979 (0,781-1,228) Unknown 35/157 22,3 47/161 29,2 0,818 (0,528-1,268) HORMONAL RECEPTORS ER+ and/or PR+ 175/827 21,2 197/843 23,4 0,936 (0,763-1,148) 0,92 ER- and PR- 68/186 36,6 65/173 37,6 0,919 (0,654-1,293) IDFS 251/ ,9 270/ ,8 0,947 (0,797-1,124) EC better FEC better
18 Probability of IDFS (%) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, wks vs 2 wks q3 wks. q2 wks q2 wks (tot. events:224) q3 wks (tot. events:297) N.pts EFS 95% CI N.pts EFS 95% CI 5 years % (78-84) % (73-79) p=0.002 N pts at risk q2 w q3 w
19 Probability of Overall Survival (%) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Cancer Therapy and Research Center at UT Health Science Center-December 10-14, wks vs 2 wks q3 wks. q2 wks q2 wks (tot. events:103) q3 wks (tot. events:163) N.pts S 95% CI N.pts S 95% CI 5 years % (92-96) % (87-91) p< N pts at risk q2 w q3 w
20 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium -December 10-14, 2013 IDFS 3 wks vs 2 wks and HR status
21 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Cancer Therapy and Research Center at UT Health Science Center-December 10-14, 2013 Risk of recurrence : q2 wks vs q3 wks recurrences/patients (%) Hazard Ratio with 95% CI IDFS q2 wks % q3 wks % Hazard ratio (95% CI) p for interaction AGE GROUP <40 34/128 26,6 55/150 36,7 0,644 (0,419-0,991) 0, /305 18,7 69/323 21,4 0,822 (0,578-1,167) /343 23,3 78/339 23,0 0,961 (0,703-1,314) /226 23,5 95/277 34,3 0,635 (0,454-0,889) MENOPAUSAL STATUS Pre 96/495 19,4 137/526 26,0 0,667 (0,514-0,866) 0,171 Post 128/507 25,2 160/563 28, ,854 (0,677-1,078) TYPE of SURGERY Conservative 120/611 19,6 156/658 23,7 0,775 (0,610-0,983) 0,919 Mastectomy 104/391 26,6 141/431 32,7 0,765 (0,594-0,987) HISTOLOGIC TYPE Invasive ductal carcinoma 181/793 22,8 245/899 27,3 0,768 (0,634-0,931) 0,997 Invasive lobular carcinoma 30/129 23,3 39/129 30,2 0,761 (0,470-1,230) Other 13/80 16,2 13/61 21,3 0,784 (0,363-1,692) TUMOR SIZE T1 88/515 17,1 109/545 20,0 0,814 (0,615-1,079) 0,849 T2 113/410 27,6 152/451 33,7 0,748 (0,587-0,955) T3-T4 23/73 31,5 36/88 40,9 0,702 (0,415-1,186) N of POSITIVE NODES /603 15,9 109/646 16,9 0,893 (0,679-1,175) 0, /251 25,9 96/271 35,4 0,666 (0,486-0,913) 10 63/148 42,6 92/172 53,5 0,684 (0,496-0,944) HISTOLOGIC GRADE Grade 1 7/77 9,1 5/60 8,3 1,332 (0,421-4,211) 0,29 Grade 2 97/465 20,9 106/474 22,4 0,890 (0,675-1,172) Grade 3 118/453 26,0 184/550 33,5 0,697 (0,553-0,878) HER2 STATUS HER2+ 62/226 27,4 77/254 30,3 0,843 (0,603-1,178) 0,8 HER2-125/617 20,3 175/676 25,9 0,738 (0,586-0,928) Unknown 37/159 23,3 45/159 28,3 0,743 (0,481-1,149) HORMONAL RECEPTORS ER+ and/or PR+ 165/808 20,4 207/862 24,0 0,801 (0,653-0,983) 0,339 ER- and PR- 53/168 31,5 80/191 41,9 0,67 (0,473-0,949) IDFS 224/ ,4 297/ ,3 0,764 (0,642-0,909) q2 wks better q3 wks better
22 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - December 10-14, 2013 Major all grade toxicities by treatment arm
23 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium - Cancer Therapy and Research Center at UT Health Science Center-December 10-14, 2013 Grade 3 and 4 toxicities effects * Statistically significant difference
24 SABCS-December 10-14, 2013 GIM 2: Conclusions Dose-dense CT as adjuvant treatment in node positive BC patients improves significantly DFS and OS The advantage is independent by clinical and histopathological factors The addition of Fluorouracil to EC does not improve clinical outcomes The use of Pegfilgrastim allowed the safe administration in accelerated regimen The dose-dense CT regimen used in the present trial is an optimal option in the clinical practice for the adjuvant treatment of node positive BC patients
25 Thanks to All the investigators All the patients Marco Venturini
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