Department of Domestic Science, Atomi Junior College, Tokyo Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo

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1 Naoko ISHIWATA 1, Sayo UESUGI 2, Mariko UEHARA 2 and Shaw WATANABE 2 1 Department of Domestic Science, Atomi Junior College, Tokyo Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo ABSTRACT Fifty-four young women with premenstrual syndrome participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial. They were divided into two groups: Twenty-eight women took a 20 mg/day isoflavone supplement (20 mg/day IF group); 26 women took a 40 mg/day isoflavone supplement (40 mg/day IF group). During the three periods of baseline, IF supplement, and placebo (PL), blood and urine samples were obtained from women at times corresponding to peak estrogen and progesterone in each woman's menstrual cycle. There was a trend toward a decrease in the estradiol/progesterone ratio among women with moderate to serious symptoms, and a decrease in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) among women with serious symptoms. Independent of symptom severity, the serotonin tended to increase among individuals in the 40 mg/day IF group. Prolactin tended to increase as symptom severity increased, and was significantly lower in the 40 mg/day IF group compared to the placebo among those with severe symptoms. Sex-hormone binding globulin levels tended to increase among the 40 mg/day IF group when symptoms were severe. Only twenty percent of subjects were equol producers, similar to the level observed among Westerners. Soy Protein Research, Japan 7, , Key words : premenstrual syndrome, soy isoflavones, sex steroid hormone, prostaglandin, equol premenstrual syndrome; PMS PMS , 2) IF PMS

2 IF40 mg/20 mg/ 40 mg/if (H14) IF IF IF mgifpl 2640 mgifpl 28 IF PL PMS E2sex-hormone binding globulinshbg PLIF Mann-WhitneyU E2 SHBGIF20 mg/if40 mg/ Table 1 PMS 3) /E/P E/PPL Fig. 1 PMS IFE/P PLIF E2PGE2Fig. 2PL PGE2 IF PGE2 PMS Table 1. Concentration of serum sex steroid hormones, prostaglandin, serotonin, prolactin and SHBG at the luteal phase in the baseline IF20 mg/day group (n=26) IF40 mg/day group (n=28) Estradiol pg/ml Mean 112 SD 50.2 Mean 106 SD 49.8 Progesteron ng/ml Aldsterone pg/ml Prostaglandin E2 pg/ml Serotonin ng/ml Prolactin ng/ml SHBG nmol/l SHBG = sex-hormone binding globulin 158

3 Fig. 1. Changes of estradiol/progesterone ratio at the luteal phase by isoflavone and placebo treatment. Fig. 3. Changes in serotonin concentration at the luteal phase by isoflavone and placebo treatment. Fig. 2. Changes in prostaglandin E2 concentration at the luteal phase by isoflavone and placebo treatment. Fig. 4. Changes in prolactin concentration at the luteal phase by isoflavone and placebo treatment. PMS 4) IF40 mg/fig. 3 5 IF Fig. 4PL IF40 mg/ PMS PMS PMS 6 IF SHBG SHBGIF40 mg/ Fig. 5 DaltonPMSPMS SHBG 7 SHBG PMSDalton SHBG IF IF 159

4 Fig. 5. Changes in sex-hormone binding globulin concentration at the luteal phase by isoflavone and placebo treatment. IF IF 20 50% 8) 62% 30~32% 9, 10) IF PMS30 IFPMS mg IFPL2640 mgif PL28 IFPL IFIF/ E2PGE2 IF40 mg/ IF40 mg/ SHBGIF40 mg/ 20IF 1Girman A, Lee R and Kligler B (2003): An integrative medicine approach to premenstrual syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynaecol, 188, S Bendich A (2000): The potential for dietary supplements to reduce premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr, 19, Dalton K (1984): The premenstrual syndrome and progesterone therapy. In: 2 nd ed. Year Book Medical Publisher, Chicago. 4Budeiri D, Li Wan Po A and Dornan JC (1996): Is evening primrose oil of value in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome? Control Clin Trials, 17, Koshikawa N, Tatsunuma T, Furuya K and Seki K (1992): Prostaglandins and premenstrual syndrome. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Asids, 17, Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ and Roca CA (1998): Estrogen-serotonin interactions: implications for affective regulation. Biol Psychiatry, 44, Dalton ME (1981): Sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations in women with severe premenstrual syndrome. Postgrad Med J, 57, Arai Y, Uehara M, Sato Y, Kimira M, Eboshida A, Adlercreutz H and Watanabe S (2000): Comparison 160

5 of isoflavones among dietary intake, plasma concentration and urinary excretion for accurate estimation of phytoestrogen intake. J Epidemiol, 10, Lampe JW, Skor HE, Li S, Wahala K, Howald WN and Chen C (2001): Wheat bran and soy protein feeding do not alter urinary excretion of the isoflavan equol in premenopausal women. J Nutr, 131, Setchell K, Brown NM, Desai PB, Zimmer- Nechimias L, Wolfe B, Jakate AS, Creutzinger V and Heubi JE (2003): Bioavailability, disposition, and dose-response effects of soy isoflavones when consumed by healthy women at physiologically typical dietary intakes. J Nutr, 133,