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1 Meiosis web quest. Usually, a cell or an organism has two sets of chromosomes - one set from the mother and another set from the father. In a diploid state the haploid number is doubled, thus, this condition is also known as 2n. An example of a cell in a diploid state is a somatic cell. In humans, the somatic cells typically contain 46 chromosomes in contrast to human haploid gametes (egg and sperm cells) that have only 23 chromosomes. Go to the following web address: Answer the following questions: 1. How many divisions of a single diploid cell occur in to produce 4 haploid progeny cells? 2. What are the progeny cells of meiosis called? Concept What type of cell division occurs in the first step? 4. What type of organisms is meiosis restricted to? 5. In animals, where the somatic ( ) cells are, the products of meiosis are the.
2 6. In many and some algae, occurs immediately after two haploid cells fuse, and mitosis then produces a multicellular "adult" organism (e.g., filamentous fungi, algae) or haploid organisms (e.g., yeast, unicellular algae). 7. and some algae have both and multicellular stages. The multicellular diploid stage is the. Meiosis in a sporophyte produces haploid spores. These spores alone are capable of generating a haploid multicellular stage called a. The gametophyte produces gametes by cell cycles. Concept 2 8. What does meiosis consist of? What are the 3 stages of each division? Concept 3 9. The phase of is where the chromosomes duplicate in a process similar to chromosome duplication prior to. 10. What happens to the centrosomes in premeiotic interphase of animal cells? What forms the aster around the centrosomes? 11. In plant cells, what takes the place of the centrosomes? Concept Outline the steps in the phase of Meiosis I, Prophase I
3 13. What is crossing-over? A bivalent (Tetrad)? A Chiasma? 14. Where does the meiotic spindle form? 15. What allows the spindle to enter the nucleus? 16. How much time does prophase I take up? Concept 5 Meiosis I Metaphase I 17. What happens to the pairs of chromosomes in this phase? 18. Where are the centrioles? 19. What is the metaphase plane? 20. What do the spindle fibers do?
4 Concept 6. Meiosis I Anaphase I 21. What happens to the chromosomes in each bivalent? 22. What is the key difference between meiosis and mitosis? Concept 7 Meiosis I Telophase I 23. What are the 3 basic stages of this phase? 24. Are the chromosomes at each pole haploid or diploid? How many chrmomtids in each chromosome? 25. What is the end result of this phase?
5 26. Label the following diagram with the following labels. Centrosomes, nuclear envelope reforming, cytokinesis, haploid, progeny cells, remaining spindles. Concept 8 Animation Concept 9 Review stages of Meiosis I Concept 10 Meiosis II Prophase II 27. How is meiosis I different to meiosis II? 28. What happens to the centrioles in this phase? Concept 11: Meiosis II: Metaphase II 29. The chromosomes become arranged on the metaphase, much as the chromosomes do in, and are attached to the now fully formed. Each of the cells completes the formation of a spindle apparatus. chromosomes align on the metaphase plate, much as chromosomes do in mitosis. This is in to metaphase I, in which pairs of chromosomes align on the metaphase plate. For each chromosome, the of the sister face the opposite poles, and each is attached to a microtubule coming from that pole. Concept 12: Meiosis II: Anaphase II 30. The separate and the sister chromatids now individual move toward the opposite poles of the cell. The separate, and the two chromatids of each chromosome move to opposite poles on the spindle. The separated chromatids are now called chromosomes in their own right.
6 Concept 13: Meiosis II: Telophase II 31. A nuclear forms around each set of chromosomes and occurs, producing daughter cells, each with a set of chromosomes. The daughter cells are called in animals. Concepts 14 and 15 animations Concept 16 and 17 Gene segregation 32. How does meiosis generate genetic variability? 33. How many possible variations in chromosome pairs are there in humans? What is the general formula for calculating then possible number of combinations? 34. Explain crossing over and how this allows genetic variability. 35. Complete the self- quiz. (We will have a similar quiz in class later this week).
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