Name Date Class. Atoms and Bonding Section Summary. Ionic Bonds
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1 Name Date Class Atoms and Bonding Section Summary Ionic Bonds Guide for Reading What are ions, and how do they form bonds? How are the formulas and names of ionic compounds written? What are the properties of ionic compounds? An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge. When an atom loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion. When an atom gains an electron, it gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion. Some ions are made of several atoms. Ions that are made of more than one atom are called polyatomic ions. You can think of polyatomic ions as a group of atoms that react as a unit. Like other ions, polyatomic ions have an overall positive or negative charge. Positive ions and negative ions attract one another because they are oppositely charged. An ionic bond is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonds form as a result of the attraction between positive and negative ions. A compound that consists of positive and negative ions is called an ionic compound. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound. The sodium ion is positively charged, and the chloride ion is negatively charged. Compounds can be represented by chemical formulas. A chemical formula is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound. When ionic compounds form, the ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions. The chemical formula for the compound reflects this balance. For example, the formula of magnesium chloride is MgCl 2. A magnesium ion has a charge of 2+, and a chloride ion has a charge of 1-. Therefore, two chloride ions are needed to balance one magnesium ion in the compound. The number "2" in the formula is a subscript. A subscript tells you the ratio of elements in the compound. An ionic compound is named according to certain rules. For an ionic compound, the name of the positive ion comes first, followed by the name of the negative ion. All ionic compounds are similar in some ways. Ionic compounds are hard, brittle crystals that have high melting points. When dissolved in water or melted, they conduct electricity. The ions in ionic compounds form an orderly, three-dimensional arrangement called a crystal. Every ion is attracted to the oppositely charged ions above, below, and to all sides of it. The strength of these ionic bonds makes ionic crystals hard and brittle. Because ionic bonds are strong, a lot of energy is needed to break them. As a result, ionic compounds have high melting points and are solids at room temperature. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the bonds are broken and the ions are free to move. This allows the solution to conduct electricity.
2 Atoms and Bonding Name Date Class Ionic Bonds This section explains how an atom becomes electrically charged. It also describes the characteristic properties of bonds formed by the attraction of electrically charged atoms. Use Target Reading Skills Before you read, preview Figure 17. Then write two questions that you have about the diagram in the graphic organizer below. As you read, answer your questions. Q. Formation of an Ionic Bond A. Q. A. Ions and Ionic Bonds 1. An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge is called a(n). 2. What happens to an atom when it loses an electron? 3. What happens to an atom when it gains an electron?
3 Name Date Class Ionic Bonds (continued) 4. Ions that are made of more than one atom are called. 5. Use the table in the textbook to complete the table below. Ions and Their Charges Name Charge Symbol or Formula Sodium a. b. Magnesium c. d. Chloride e. f. Sulfate g. h. 6. Compared to the number of protons, how many electrons does the carbonate ion (CO 3 2 ) have? What is its charge? 7. What kinds of ions do a sodium atom and a chlorine atom become when a valence electron is transferred from one to the other? 8. What is an ionic bond? 9. What causes ionic bonds to form?
4 Atoms and Bonding Name Date Class Chemical Formulas and Names 10. A(n) is a combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound. 11. Is the following sentence true or false? When ionic compounds form, the ions come together in a way that balances out the charges on the ions. 12. In the chemical formula for magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), what is the number "2" called, and what does it tell you? 13. Is the following sentence true or false? For an ionic compound, the name of the negative ion comes first. 14. When does the end of a name of a negative ion end in -ide? Properties of Ionic Compounds 15. What are three characteristic properties of ionic compounds? a. b. c. 16. An orderly, three-dimensional arrangement formed by ions is called a(n). 17. In an ionic compound, which ions are attracted to each other?
5 Name Date Class Ionic Bonds (continued) 18. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points? 19. At room temperature, ionic bonds are strong enough to cause all ionic compounds to be. 20. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity well when they are dissolved in water?
6 Atoms and Bonding Name Date Class Atoms and Bonding Review and Reinforce Ionic Bonds Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. How does an atom become a positive ion? How does an atom become a negative ion? 2. How do ions form electrically neutral compounds? 3. What characteristics do solid ionic compounds share? 4. Why does the electrical conductivity of ionic compounds change when they are dissolved in water? Ions and Their Charges Name Charge Symbol/Formula Ammonium 1+ NH + 4 Potassium 1+ K + Calcium 2+ Ca 2+ Magnesium 2+ Mg 2+ Chloride 1 Cl Oxide 2 O 2 Sulfide 2 S 2 Phosphate 3 PO 3 4 Use the chart above to answer the following on a separate sheet of paper. 5. How many potassium ions are needed to balance the charge of one sulfide ion? Explain. 6. Predict the formulas for calcium chloride and potassium phosphate. 7. Name the following compounds: MgS, NH 4 Cl, and K 2 O. 8. Which ions in the table are polyatomic ions? Building Vocabulary Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. 9. What is an ion? 10. What is an ionic bond? 11. What is the arrangement of ions in a crystal?
Name Class Date. What is ionic bonding? What happens to atoms that gain or lose electrons? What kinds of solids are formed from ionic bonds?
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