Corporate Finance. Slide 1 咨询热线 : 学习平台 : lms.finance365.com
|
|
- Jared Carr
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Corporate Finance Capital Budgeting Cost of Capital Measures of Leverage Dividends and Share Repurchases Working capital management Corporate Governance of Listed Companies Slide 1
2 Capital Budgeting Slide 2
3 Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is the process that companies use for decision making on capital projects with a life of a year or more. Capital budgeting process Idea generation Analyzing project proposals Planning the capital budget Monitor decisions & conduct post-audit Basic principles of Capital budgeting Use after tax cash flows for decision-making Based on incremental cash flows consider opportunity cost consider externality/cannibalization do not consider sunk cost Financing costs are ignore, due to reflected in the project s required rate of return Timing of the cash flows is important Slide 3
4 Capital Budgeting Capital projects Capital project types Replacement projects maintain the business Replacement projects cost reduction Expansion projects New products & markets Mandatory projects safety and environmental Others Project interaction Independent vs mutually exclusive projects Project sequencing Unlimited funds vs capital rationing Slide 4
5 Methods to evaluate project Net Present Value (NPV) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Payback / Discounted payback period NPV = present value of expected cash inflows less the present value of cash outflows IRR = the discount rate which gives NPV = 0 Number of years to recover the investment cost Accept if NPV > 0 Reject if NPV < 0 Accept if IRR > required rate of return for a project Payback period has many flaws; should use NPV or IRR Average Accounting Rate of Return (AAR) Profitability Index (PI) AAR Average netincome Average bookvalue PV of future cash flows PI Initial investment NPV 1 Initial investment AAR based on accounting data, not cash flow; also ignore time value of money Accept if PI > 1 Reject if PI < 1 Slide 5
6 NPV Profile Definition: NPV profile show a project s NPV graphed as a function of various discount rates. NPV Undiscounted future cash flow- initial investment outlay Or the sum of all the undiscounted cash flow $120 P r oject A: -200,80,80,80,80 10% Discount rate(%) Convex from the origin NPV declines at a decreasing rate as the discount rate increases. IRR IRR is the discount rate that makes the PV of future cash flows equal to investment outlay. When can we accept this project? Slide 6
7 NPV Profile NPV $200 Project B: -200,0,0,0,400 Mutually exclusive projects IRR A=10%> IRR B=8% NPV A=NPV B when discount rate is 6% $120 Project A: -200,80,80,80,80 6% Crossover rate 8% 10% IRRs Discount rate(%) If required rate of return 5%< crossover rate 6%, then NPV and IRR criterion have conflicts. Project B realizes its cash payoffs later than project A. Project B s NPV profile is more steeper than project A. Slide 7
8 IRR problems Multiple IRR problem Example: Time CF -2,000 10,000-12,000 2 IRRs for this example: 100% and 200% NPV Positive NPV 0 Negative NPV Discount rate 100% 200% No IRR problem Example: Time CF NPV 0 Discount rate No IRR ie no discount rate that gives NPV= 0 Slide 8
9 NPV and IRR Conflict in ranking when using NPV and IRR Single project and independent projects: NPV and IRR will agree on whether to invest or to not invest. Mutually exclusive projects: NPV and IRR may result in conflicting rankings, due to: Projects have different timing of cash flows The projects (CF 0 ) are different sizes Different reinvestment rate assumptions: IRR uses project IRR vs NPV uses cost of capital NPV is the preferred choice for ranking mutually exclusive projects NPV: money amount NPV: different sizes NPV: even cash flow & noneven cash flow NPV: increase shareholders wealth Slide 9
10 Example Two mutually exclusive projects have the following cash flows ( ) and internal rates of return (IRR): Project IRR Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 A 27.97% -2, ,645 B 28.37% -2, ,051 3,175 Assuming a discount rate of 8% annually for both projects, the firm should most likely accept: (2013 mock morning) A. Both projects. B. Project A only. C. Project B only. Slide 10
11 Cost of Capital Slide 11
12 Cost of Capital Cost of capital for a company Return demanded by investors given the risk level of the company Cost of capital = Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) WACC = marginal cost of capital (MCC) as it reflects the cost on additional capital WACC w k d d (1 t) w k p p w e k e How to calculate weight? Interest cost on debt capital is tax deductible; the after tax cost of debt is k d (1 t) target capital structure company s current market weighted capital company s capital structure trends averages of comparable companies capital structures Slide 12
13 Components of cost of capital Common equity E(R ) R CAPM Dividend discount model k k e D P 1 0 g Bond yield plus risk premium e i k F d β [E(R i m ) R risk premium F ] Preferred stock k p D P p p Debt k d = pre-tax cost k d (1 t) = post tax cost k d = interest rate on new debt YTM method Debt rating method-matrix pricing Slide 13
14 Common equity CAPM Using pure play method to calculate a Beta 1. Select the comparable publicly company 2. Estimate comparable s beta 3. Unlever the comparable s beta get the asset beta 4. Lever the asset beta to reflect the debt/equity ratio of the subject company the Project beta 5. Use the project beta to calculate the cost of equity for the project 6. Use the cost of equity to calculate WACC *Pure play method: using a comparable publicly traded company s beta and adjusting it for financial leverage. Comparable company: similar business risk, same industry Slide 14 Asset (unlevered) beta: ASSET EQUITY 1 11t Use the comparable company s debt-to-equity ratio and t is its marginal tax rate. Company (Project) beta: P ROJECT ASSET 1 1 t ' use the subject firm s debt-toequity ratio and t is the subject firm s tax rate D E D' E'
15 Common equity CAPM Country risk premium To adjust for country risk, a country risk premium is added to the market risk premium in the CAPM k = R f + β[r m r f + CRP) annualized of equity index CRP = sovereign yield spread annualized of sovereign bond market in terms of developed market currency Selecting suitable cost of capital to value project Cost of capital for a project should reflect the riskiness of the future cash flows For an average risk project, the cost of capital of the project is the company s WACC If the project risk is lower (or higher) than average risk, use a lower (or higher) discount rate than the company s WACC Slide 15
16 The optimal capital budget Project return Cost of capital(%) MCC and IOS Investment opportunity schedule(ios) Marginal cost of capital (MCC) Optimal capital budget New capital raised The firm should undertake all the projects with IRRs greater than the cost of funds. This will maximize the value created. Slide 16
17 Marginal cost of capital Marginal cost of capital The MCC schedule shows the WACC for the different amount of capital. The MCC is upward sloping due to Additional capital raised at higher cost due to debt covenants New capital raised differs from the target capital structure. Breakpoint the amount of capital at which the cost would change Flotation costs Wrong way adjust cost of capital Right way adjust flotation costs as an initial cash outflow, because flotation costs are a cash flow at the initiation of the project NPV = PV of cash inflows cost of project flotation cost Slide 17
18 Example The following information is available for a company: Bonds are priced at par and they have an annual coupon rate of 9.2% Preferred stock is priced at $8.18 and it pays an annual dividend of $1.35 Common equity has a beta of 1.3 The risk-free rate is 4% and the market premium is 11% Capital structure: Debt = 30%; Preferred stock = 15%; Common equity = 55% The tax rate is 35% The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company is closest to: (2012 mock morning) A.11.5%. B. 13.4%. C.14.3%. Slide 18
19 Leverage Slide 19
20 Leverage Leverage is the use of fixed costs in a firm s operations: operating vs. financial fixed costs Business risk Uncertainty of the company s operating income due to variability of sales and production costs Business risk combines both sales risk and operating risk. Sales risk is the uncertainty relating to sales price and sales quantity; Operating risk is the risk relating to the operating cost structure. Higher fixed operating cost relative to variable operating costs means higher operating risk. Degree of operating leverage (DOL) Slide 20 % EBIT Q P V DOL % S QP V F Financial risk Financial risk increases when the firm takes on more fixed obligations eg. debt and long-term lease. Degree of financial leverage (DFL) measures the effect of a change in operating income on net income. % NI QP V F DFL % EBIT QP V F C Degree of total leverage (DTL) Combines both the effect of operating leverage and financial leverage % NI QP V DTL = DOL DFL % S QP V F C
21 Leverage Firm characteristics and leverage Firms with high fixed costs of production have high operating leverage Firms with high proportion of debt financing have high financial leverage Firms with high fixed costs and high debt have high total leverage Breakeven points: Breakeven points Operating Breakeven points: PQ Q BE BE VQ BE F C P V F C Interest PQ Q OBE OBE VQ OBE F P V F V: variable cost per unit, F: fixed operating costs P-V: contribution margin Slide 21
22 Example A firm is uncertain about both the number of units the market will demand and the price it will receive for them. This type of risk is best described as: (2013 mock morning) A. sales risk. B. business risk. C. operating risk. Slide 22
23 THANK YOU Slide 23
CHAPTER 12 RISK, COST OF CAPITAL, AND CAPITAL BUDGETING
CHAPTER 12 RISK, COST OF CAPITAL, AND CAPITAL BUDGETING Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. No. The cost of capital depends on the risk of the project, not the source of the money.
More informationWhy Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of
1 Why Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of Return Problems with the IRR Approach The Profitability
More informationCHAPTER 14 COST OF CAPITAL
CHAPTER 14 COST OF CAPITAL Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. It is the minimum rate of return the firm must earn overall on its existing assets. If it earns more than this,
More informationNet Present Value (NPV)
Investment Criteria 208 Net Present Value (NPV) What: NPV is a measure of how much value is created or added today by undertaking an investment (the difference between the investment s market value and
More informationChapter 17 Does Debt Policy Matter?
Chapter 17 Does Debt Policy Matter? Multiple Choice Questions 1. When a firm has no debt, then such a firm is known as: (I) an unlevered firm (II) a levered firm (III) an all-equity firm D) I and III only
More informationCapital Budgeting: Decision. Example. Net Present Value (NPV) FINC 3630 Yost
Capital Budgeting: Decision Criteria Example Consider a firm with two projects, A and B, each with the following cash flows and a 10 percent cost of capital: Project A Project B Year Cash Flows Cash Flows
More informationSpring 2012. True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Corporation Finance Spring 2012 Sample Exam 2B True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. The total return on a share of stock refers to the dividend yield less any commissions paid
More informationChapter 9 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria Chapter Organization
T9.1 Chapter Outline Chapter 9 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria Chapter Organization! 9.1 Net Present Value! 9.2 The Payback Rule! 9.3 The Average Accounting Return! 9.4 The Internal Rate
More informationChapter 11 Calculating the Cost of Capital
Chapter 11 Calculating the Cost of Capital (def) - Cost of obtaining money to fund asset purchase - use as estimate of r (discount rate) If we can earn more than the cost of capital (r) from a project
More informationSOLUTIONS. Practice questions. Multiple Choice
Practice questions Multiple Choice 1. XYZ has $25,000 of debt outstanding and a book value of equity of $25,000. The company has 10,000 shares outstanding and a stock price of $10. If the unlevered beta
More informationBF 6701 : Financial Management Comprehensive Examination Guideline
BF 6701 : Financial Management Comprehensive Examination Guideline 1) There will be 5 essay questions and 5 calculation questions to be completed in 1-hour exam. 2) The topics included in those essay and
More informationThe Marginal Cost of Capital and the Optimal Capital Budget
WEB EXTENSION12B The Marginal Cost of Capital and the Optimal Capital Budget If the capital budget is so large that a company must issue new equity, then the cost of capital for the company increases.
More informationChapter 10. What is capital budgeting? Topics. The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows
Chapter 10 The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows 1 Topics Overview and vocabulary Methods NPV IRR, MIRR Profitability Index Payback, discounted payback Unequal lives Economic life 2 What
More informationCOST OF CAPITAL Compute the cost of debt. Compute the cost of preferred stock.
OBJECTIVE 1 Compute the cost of debt. The method of computing the yield to maturity for bonds will be used how to compute the cost of debt. Because interest payments are tax deductible, only after-tax
More informationThe Cost of Capital. Chapter 10. Cost of Debt (r d ) The Cost of Capital. Calculating the cost of obtaining funds for a project
The Cost of Capital Chapter 10 (def) - Cost of obtaining money to fund asset purchase - use as estimate of r (discount rate) If we can earn more than the cost of capital (r) from a project than company
More informationCHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Basic 1. To calculate the payback period, we need to find the time that the project has recovered its initial investment. After two years, the
More informationChapter 13 The Basics of Capital Budgeting Evaluating Cash Flows
Chapter 13 The Basics of Capital Budgeting Evaluating Cash Flows ANSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 13-1 a. The capital budget outlines the planned expenditures on fixed assets. Capital budgeting
More informationA Basic Introduction to the Methodology Used to Determine a Discount Rate
A Basic Introduction to the Methodology Used to Determine a Discount Rate By Dubravka Tosic, Ph.D. The term discount rate is one of the most fundamental, widely used terms in finance and economics. Whether
More informationMBA (3rd Sem) 2013-14 MBA/29/FM-302/T/ODD/13-14
Full Marks : 70 MBA/29/FM-302/T/ODD/13-14 2013-14 MBA (3rd Sem) Paper Name : Corporate Finance Paper Code : FM-302 Time : 3 Hours The figures in the right-hand margin indicate marks. Candidates are required
More informationMGT201 Solved MCQs(500) By
MGT201 Solved MCQs(500) By http://www.vustudents.net Why companies invest in projects with negative NPV? Because there is hidden value in each project Because there may be chance of rapid growth Because
More information] (3.3) ] (1 + r)t (3.4)
Present value = future value after t periods (3.1) (1 + r) t PV of perpetuity = C = cash payment (3.2) r interest rate Present value of t-year annuity = C [ 1 1 ] (3.3) r r(1 + r) t Future value of annuity
More informationSTUDENT CAN HAVE ONE LETTER SIZE FORMULA SHEET PREPARED BY STUDENT HIM/HERSELF. FINANCIAL CALCULATOR/TI-83 OR THEIR EQUIVALENCES ARE ALLOWED.
Test III-FINN3120-090 Fall 2009 (2.5 PTS PER QUESTION. MAX 100 PTS) Type A Name ID PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID ON THE TEST, ANSWER SHEET AND FORMULA SHEET. TURN IN THE TEST, OPSCAN ANSWER SHEET AND FORMULA
More informationKEY EQUATIONS APPENDIX CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3
KEY EQUATIONS B CHAPTER 2 1. The balance sheet identity or equation: Assets Liabilities Shareholders equity [2.1] 2. The income statement equation: Revenues Expenses Income [2.2] 3.The cash flow identity:
More informationt = 1 2 3 1. Calculate the implied interest rates and graph the term structure of interest rates. t = 1 2 3 X t = 100 100 100 t = 1 2 3
MØA 155 PROBLEM SET: Summarizing Exercise 1. Present Value [3] You are given the following prices P t today for receiving risk free payments t periods from now. t = 1 2 3 P t = 0.95 0.9 0.85 1. Calculate
More informationCHAPTER 8 CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISIONS
CHAPTER 8 CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISIONS Q1. What is capital budgeting? Why is it significant for a firm? A1 A capital budgeting decision may be defined as the firm s decision to invest its current funds
More informationSAMPLE FACT EXAM (You must score 70% to successfully clear FACT)
SAMPLE FACT EXAM (You must score 70% to successfully clear FACT) 1. What is the present value (PV) of $100,000 received five years from now, assuming the interest rate is 8% per year? a. $600,000.00 b.
More informationWHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING?
WHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING? Capital budgeting is a required managerial tool. One duty of a financial manager is to choose investments with satisfactory cash flows and rates of return. Therefore, a financial
More informationEstimating Cost of Capital. 2. The cost of capital is an opportunity cost it depends on where the money goes, not where it comes from
Estimating Cost of Capal 1. Vocabulary the following all mean the same thing: a. Required return b. Appropriate discount rate c. Cost of capal (or cost of money) 2. The cost of capal is an opportuny cost
More informationPractice Exam (Solutions)
Practice Exam (Solutions) June 6, 2008 Course: Finance for AEO Length: 2 hours Lecturer: Paul Sengmüller Students are expected to conduct themselves properly during examinations and to obey any instructions
More informationKey Concepts and Skills. Net Present Value and Other Investment Rules. http://www2.gsu.edu/~fnccwh/pdf/ rwjch5v3overview.pdf.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Net Present Value and Other Investment Rules 9-1 http://www2.gsu.edu/~fnccwh/pdf/ rwjch5v3overview.pdf Copyright 2010 by Charles Hodges and the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
More informationFundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management June 2008 Answers 1 (a) Calculation of weighted average cost of capital (WACC) Cost of equity Cost of equity using capital asset
More informationUnderstanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions
Understanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions Chapter 8 Capital Budgeting Concept Check 8.1 1. What is the difference between independent and mutually
More informationProblem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3
Problem 1 (1) Book Value Debt/Equity Ratio = 2500/2500 = 100% Market Value of Equity = 50 million * $ 80 = $4,000 Market Value of Debt =.80 * 2500 = $2,000 Debt/Equity Ratio in market value terms = 2000/4000
More information( ) ( )( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 3. n n = 100 000 1+ 0.10 = 100 000 1.331 = 133100
Mariusz Próchniak Chair of Economics II Warsaw School of Economics CAPITAL BUDGETING Managerial Economics 1 2 1 Future value (FV) r annual interest rate B the amount of money held today Interest is compounded
More informationChapter 17 Corporate Capital Structure Foundations (Sections 17.1 and 17.2. Skim section 17.3.)
Chapter 17 Corporate Capital Structure Foundations (Sections 17.1 and 17.2. Skim section 17.3.) The primary focus of the next two chapters will be to examine the debt/equity choice by firms. In particular,
More informationINTERVIEWS - FINANCIAL MODELING
420 W. 118th Street, Room 420 New York, NY 10027 P: 212-854-4613 F: 212-854-6190 www.sipa.columbia.edu/ocs INTERVIEWS - FINANCIAL MODELING Basic valuation concepts are among the most popular technical
More informationFinance 3130 Corporate Finiance Sample Final Exam Spring 2012
Finance 3130 Corporate Finiance Sample Final Exam Spring 2012 True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or falsewith A for true and B for false. 1. Interest paid by a corporation is a tax deduction
More informationIf you ignore taxes in this problem and there is no debt outstanding: EPS = EBIT/shares outstanding = $14,000/2,500 = $5.60
Problems Relating to Capital Structure and Leverage 1. EBIT and Leverage Money Inc., has no debt outstanding and a total market value of $150,000. Earnings before interest and taxes [EBIT] are projected
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WAH Department of Management Sciences
BBA-330: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF WAH COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVES The module aims at building competence in corporate finance further by extending the coverage in Business Finance module to
More informationFINC 3630: Advanced Business Finance Additional Practice Problems
FINC 3630: Advanced Business Finance Additional Practice Problems Accounting For Financial Management 1. Calculate free cash flow for Home Depot for the fiscal year-ended February 1, 2015 (the 2014 fiscal
More informationChapter 011 Project Analysis and Evaluation
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Forecasting risk is defined as the: a. possibility that some proposed projects will be rejected. b. process of estimating future cash flows relative to a project. C. possibility
More informationPRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS ON WACC
Dr. Sudhakar Raju Financial Statements Analysis (FN 6450) PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS ON WACC 1. The return shareholders require on their investment in a firm is called the: a. dividend yield. B. cost of equity.
More informationChapter 13, ROIC and WACC
Chapter 13, ROIC and WACC Lakehead University Winter 2005 Role of the CFO The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is involved in the following decisions: Management Decisions Financing Decisions Investment Decisions
More informationTYLER JUNIOR COLLEGE School of Continuing Studies 1530 SSW Loop 323 Tyler, TX 75701 1.800.298.5226 www.tjc.edu/continuingstudies/mycaa
TYLER JUNIOR COLLEGE School of Continuing Studies 1530 SSW Loop 323 Tyler, TX 75701 1.800.298.5226 www.tjc.edu/continuingstudies/mycaa Education & Training Plan Finance Professional Program Student Full
More informationAchievement of Market-Friendly Initiatives and Results Program (AMIR 2.0 Program) Funded by U.S. Agency for International Development
Achievement of Market-Friendly Initiatives and Results Program (AMIR 2.0 Program) Funded by U.S. Agency for International Development Abstracts of Required Readings and Comments on Learning Outcomes (CFA
More informationCHAPTER 15 Capital Structure: Basic Concepts
Multiple Choice Questions: CHAPTER 15 Capital Structure: Basic Concepts I. DEFINITIONS HOMEMADE LEVERAGE a 1. The use of personal borrowing to change the overall amount of financial leverage to which an
More informationCHAPTER 6 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 6 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Assuming conventional cash flows, a payback period less than the project s life means
More informationHow To Calculate The Cost Of Capital Of A Firm
Sample Problems Chapter 10 Title: Cost of Debt 1. Costly Corporation plans a new issue of bonds with a par value of $1,000, a maturity of 28 years, and an annual coupon rate of 16.0%. Flotation costs associated
More informationUse the table for the questions 18 and 19 below.
Use the table for the questions 18 and 19 below. The following table summarizes prices of various default-free zero-coupon bonds (expressed as a percentage of face value): Maturity (years) 1 3 4 5 Price
More information1. What are the three types of business organizations? Define them
Written Exam Ticket 1 1. What is Finance? What do financial managers try to maximize, and what is their second objective? 2. How do you compare cash flows at different points in time? 3. Write the formulas
More informationThe cost of capital. A reading prepared by Pamela Peterson Drake. 1. Introduction
The cost of capital A reading prepared by Pamela Peterson Drake O U T L I N E 1. Introduction... 1 2. Determining the proportions of each source of capital that will be raised... 3 3. Estimating the marginal
More informationDUKE UNIVERSITY Fuqua School of Business. FINANCE 351 - CORPORATE FINANCE Problem Set #7 Prof. Simon Gervais Fall 2011 Term 2.
DUKE UNIVERSITY Fuqua School of Business FINANCE 351 - CORPORATE FINANCE Problem Set #7 Prof. Simon Gervais Fall 2011 Term 2 Questions 1. Suppose the corporate tax rate is 40%, and investors pay a tax
More informationLevel 6 Advanced Diploma in Finance (531) 126 Credits
Level 6 Advanced Diploma in Finance (531) 126 Credits Unit: Finance Theory Guided Learning Hours: 210 Exam Paper No.: 4 Prerequisites: Knowledge of Finance. Number of Credits: 21 Corequisites: A pass or
More informationCHAPTER 8. Problems and Questions
CHAPTER 8 Problems and Questions 1. Plastico, a manufacturer of consumer plastic products, is evaluating its capital structure. The balance sheet of the company is as follows (in millions): Assets Liabilities
More informationGESTÃO FINANCEIRA II PROBLEM SET 5 SOLUTIONS (FROM BERK AND DEMARZO S CORPORATE FINANCE ) LICENCIATURA UNDERGRADUATE COURSE
GESTÃO FINANCEIRA II PROBLEM SET 5 SOLUTIONS (FROM BERK AND DEMARZO S CORPORATE FINANCE ) LICENCIATURA UNDERGRADUATE COURSE 1 ST SEMESTER 2010-2011 Chapter 18 Capital Budgeting and Valuation with Leverage
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education Canada
The consequence of failing to adjust the discount rate for the risk implicit in projects is that the firm will accept high-risk projects, which usually have higher IRR due to their high-risk nature, and
More informationChoice of Discount Rate
Choice of Discount Rate Discussion Plan Basic Theory and Practice A common practical approach: WACC = Weighted Average Cost of Capital Look ahead: CAPM = Capital Asset Pricing Model Massachusetts Institute
More informationCapital Budgeting Tools. Chapter 11. Capital Budgeting. Types of Capital Budgeting Projects. The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows
Capital Budgeting Tools () Payback Period (a) Discounted Payback Period Chapter The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating s () Net Present Value (NPV) (a) Profitability Index (PI) () Internal Rate of
More informationCIS September 2012 Exam Diet. Examination Paper 2.2: Corporate Finance Equity Valuation and Analysis Fixed Income Valuation and Analysis
CIS September 2012 Exam Diet Examination Paper 2.2: Corporate Finance Equity Valuation and Analysis Fixed Income Valuation and Analysis Corporate Finance (1 13) 1. Assume a firm issues N1 billion in debt
More informationDUKE UNIVERSITY Fuqua School of Business. FINANCE 351 - CORPORATE FINANCE Problem Set #4 Prof. Simon Gervais Fall 2011 Term 2.
DUK UNIRSITY Fuqua School of Business FINANC 351 - CORPORAT FINANC Problem Set #4 Prof. Simon Gervais Fall 2011 Term 2 Questions 1. Suppose the corporate tax rate is 40%. Consider a firm that earns $1,000
More information$1,300 + 1,500 + 1,900 = $4,700. in cash flows. The project still needs to create another: $5,500 4,700 = $800
1. To calculate the payback period, we need to find the time that the project has recovered its initial investment. After three years, the project has created: $1,300 + 1,500 + 1,900 = $4,700 in cash flows.
More informationNIKE Case Study Solutions
NIKE Case Study Solutions Professor Corwin This case study includes several problems related to the valuation of Nike. We will work through these problems throughout the course to demonstrate some of the
More informationDCF and WACC calculation: Theory meets practice
www.pwc.com DCF and WACC calculation: Theory meets practice Table of contents Section 1. Fair value and company valuation page 3 Section 2. The DCF model: Basic assumptions and the expected cash flows
More information6 Investment Decisions
6 Investment Decisions After studying this chapter you will be able to: Learning Objectives Define capital budgeting and explain the purpose and process of Capital Budgeting for any business. Explain the
More informationLeverage. FINANCE 350 Global Financial Management. Professor Alon Brav Fuqua School of Business Duke University. Overview
Leverage FINANCE 35 Global Financial Management Professor Alon Brav Fuqua School of Business Duke University Overview Capital Structure does not matter! Modigliani & Miller propositions Implications for
More informationCHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. A payback period less than the project s life means that the NPV is positive for
More informationWORKBOOK ON PROJECT FINANCE. Prepared by Professor William J. Kretlow University of Houston
WORKBOOK ON PROJECT FINANCE Prepared by Professor William J. Kretlow University of Houston 2002 by Institute for Energy, Law & Enterprise, University of Houston Law Center. All rights reserved. TABLE
More informationDiscounted Cash Flow Valuation: Basics
Discounted Cash Flow Valuation: Basics Aswath Damodaran Aswath Damodaran 1 Discounted Cashflow Valuation: Basis for Approach Value = t=n CF t t =1(1+r) t where CF t is the cash flow in period t, r is the
More informationChapter 14 Capital Structure in a Perfect Market
Chapter 14 Capital Structure in a Perfect Market 14-1. Consider a project with free cash flows in one year of $130,000 or $180,000, with each outcome being equally likely. The initial investment required
More informationCHAPTER 13 Capital Structure and Leverage
CHAPTER 13 Capital Structure and Leverage Business and financial risk Optimal capital structure Operating Leverage Capital structure theory 1 What s business risk? Uncertainty about future operating income
More informationAnswers to Warm-Up Exercises
Answers to Warm-Up Exercises E10-1. Answer: E10-2. Answer: Payback period The payback period for Project Hydrogen is 4.29 years. The payback period for Project Helium is 5.75 years. Both projects are acceptable
More informationCost of Capital, Valuation and Strategic Financial Decision Making
Cost of Capital, Valuation and Strategic Financial Decision Making By Dr. Valerio Poti, - Examiner in Professional 2 Stage Strategic Corporate Finance The financial crisis that hit financial markets in
More informationEMBA in Management & Finance. Corporate Finance. Eric Jondeau
EMBA in Management & Finance Corporate Finance EMBA in Management & Finance Lecture 4: Capital Structure Limits to the Use of Debt Outline 1. Costs of Financial Distress 2. Description of Costs 3. Can
More information1 (a) Calculation of net present value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Sales revenue 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management December 2011 Answers 1 (a) Calculation of net present value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Sales revenue 1,600
More informationBH Chapter 9 The Cost of Capital
1 Capital Budgeting Overview Capital Budgeting is the set of valuation techniques for real asset investment decisions. Capital Budgeting Steps estimating expected future cash flows for the proposed real
More informationPBL: Financial Concepts. Competency: Financial Instruments and Institutions
Competency: Financial Instruments and Institutions 1. Describe the standard and unique features of the following securities: bills, notes, bonds, zeros, and muni s. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of negotiable
More informationa) The Dividend Growth Model Approach: Recall the constant dividend growth model for the price of a rm s stock:
Cost of Capital Chapter 14 A) The Cost of Capital: Some Preliminaries: The Security market line (SML) and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) describe the relationship between systematic risk and expected
More informationTest3. Pessimistic Most Likely Optimistic Total Revenues 30 50 65 Total Costs -25-20 -15
Test3 1. The market value of Charcoal Corporation's common stock is $20 million, and the market value of its riskfree debt is $5 million. The beta of the company's common stock is 1.25, and the market
More informationBUSINESS FINANCE (FIN 312) Spring 2009
BUSINESS FINANCE (FIN 31) Spring 009 Assignment Instructions: please read carefully You can either do the assignment by yourself or work in a group of no more than two. You should show your work how to
More informationReview Solutions FV = 4000*(1+.08/4) 5 = $4416.32
Review Solutions 1. Planning to use the money to finish your last year in school, you deposit $4,000 into a savings account with a quoted annual interest rate (APR) of 8% and quarterly compounding. Fifteen
More informationCapital Budgeting OVERVIEW
WSG12 7/7/03 4:25 PM Page 191 12 Capital Budgeting OVERVIEW This chapter concentrates on the long-term, strategic considerations and focuses primarily on the firm s investment opportunities. The discussions
More informationDiploma in Financial Management Examination Module B Paper DB1 incorporating subject areas: Financial Strategy; Risk Management
Answers Diploma in Financial Management Examination Module B Paper DB1 incorporating subject areas: Financial Strategy; Risk Management June 2005 Answers 1 D Items 2, 3 and 4 are correct. Item 1 relates
More informationFinancial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis
Chapter 2 Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis Answers to Concept Review Questions 1. What role do the FASB and SEC play with regard to GAAP? The FASB is a nongovernmental, professional standards
More informationGlobal Financial Management
1 Global Financial Management Valuation of Cash Flows Investment Decisions and Capital Budgeting Copyright 1999 by Alon Brav, Campbell R. Harvey, Stephen Gray and Ernst Maug. All rights reserved. No part
More information1 Pricing options using the Black Scholes formula
Lecture 9 Pricing options using the Black Scholes formula Exercise. Consider month options with exercise prices of K = 45. The variance of the underlying security is σ 2 = 0.20. The risk free interest
More informationCFS. Syllabus. Certified Finance Specialist. International benchmark in Finance profession
CFS Certified Finance Specialist Syllabus International benchmark in Finance profession Certified Finance Specialist Summary: This award will provide candidates the opportunity to gain advanced level knowledge
More informationMBA 8230 Corporation Finance (Part II) Practice Final Exam #2
MBA 8230 Corporation Finance (Part II) Practice Final Exam #2 1. Which of the following input factors, if increased, would result in a decrease in the value of a call option? a. the volatility of the company's
More informationEducation & Training Plan Finance Professional Certificate Program with Externship
Testing Services and Programs 1200 N. DuPont Highway Dover, DE 19901 https://www.desu.edu/academics/mycaa Contact: Amystique Harris-Church 302.857.6143 achurch@desu.edu Student Full Name: Education & Training
More informationLeverage and Capital Structure
Leverage and Capital Structure Ross Chapter 16 Spring 2005 10.1 Leverage Financial Leverage Financial leverage is the use of fixed financial costs to magnify the effect of changes in EBIT on EPS. Fixed
More informationEducation & Training Plan Finance Professional Certificate Program with Externship
Student Full Name: University of Texas at El Paso Professional and Public Programs 500 W. University Kelly Hall Ste. 212 & 214 El Paso, TX 79968 http://www.ppp.utep.edu/ Contact: Sylvia Monsisvais 915-747-7578
More informationE. V. Bulyatkin CAPITAL STRUCTURE
E. V. Bulyatkin Graduate Student Edinburgh University Business School CAPITAL STRUCTURE Abstract. This paper aims to analyze the current capital structure of Lufthansa in order to increase market value
More informationThe Tangent or Efficient Portfolio
The Tangent or Efficient Portfolio 1 2 Identifying the Tangent Portfolio Sharpe Ratio: Measures the ratio of reward-to-volatility provided by a portfolio Sharpe Ratio Portfolio Excess Return E[ RP ] r
More informationMCQ on Financial Management
MCQ on Financial Management 1. "Shareholder wealth" in a firm is represented by: a) the number of people employed in the firm. b) the book value of the firm's assets less the book value of its liabilities
More informationSource of Finance and their Relative Costs F. COST OF CAPITAL
F. COST OF CAPITAL 1. Source of Finance and their Relative Costs 2. Estimating the Cost of Equity 3. Estimating the Cost of Debt and Other Capital Instruments 4. Estimating the Overall Cost of Capital
More informationCHAPTER 8 INTEREST RATES AND BOND VALUATION
CHAPTER 8 INTEREST RATES AND BOND VALUATION Solutions to Questions and Problems 1. The price of a pure discount (zero coupon) bond is the present value of the par value. Remember, even though there are
More informationEstimating Beta. Aswath Damodaran
Estimating Beta The standard procedure for estimating betas is to regress stock returns (R j ) against market returns (R m ) - R j = a + b R m where a is the intercept and b is the slope of the regression.
More informationBUSINESS FINANCE (FIN 312) Spring 2008
BUSINESS FINANCE (FIN 312) Spring 2008 Assignment 3 Instructions: please read carefully You can either do the assignment by yourself or work in a group of no more than two. You should show your work how
More informationChapter 9 Capital Budgeting Decision Models
Chapter 9 Capital Budgeting Decision Models LEARNING OBJECTIVES (Slide 9-2) 1. Explain capital budgeting and differentiate between short-term and long-term budgeting decisions. 2. Explain the payback model
More informationCost of Capital. Katharina Lewellen Finance Theory II April 9, 2003
Cost of Capital Katharina Lewellen Finance Theory II April 9, 2003 What Next? We want to value a project that is financed by both debt and equity Our approach: Calculate expected Free Cash Flows (FCFs)
More informationChapter 8 Capital Budgeting Process and Techniques
Chapter 8 Capital Budgeting Process and Techniques MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The capital budgeting process involves a. identifying potential investments b. analyzing the set of investment opportunities, and identifying
More information