Preserving Oamaru Stone Structures

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Preserving Oamaru Stone Structures"

Transcription

1 M Wainwright & Co Traditional Stonemasonry (Dunedin, New Zealand) Dove Cottage 9 King George Street Broad Bay Dunedin 9014 Tel: Mob: mrw157@me.com Preserving Oamaru Stone Structures 1. Introduction 2. Main Issues 3. Historic Evidence of Protective Coatings 4. Abrasive Cleaning and Unprotected Oamaru Stone 5. Determining the Causes of Erosion 6. Ideas and Solutions 1. Introduction Since I have been working on heritage buildings, constructed with the use of Oamaru stone it has been quite concerning to me how fast these can erode. In extreme cases I have seen whole lengths of carved stone needing replacing in less then 25 years of the restoration work being carried out. For this reason I have been questioning what would be the best practice for preserving this material and slowing down the speed of erosion. One of the biggest questions is: should stone be protected in any way, such as with a breathable water- repellent or even receive a protective plastering or lime coating? Image: A shell is left protruding from the otherwise eroded Oamaru stone once surrounding it. Restoration work carried out in 1995, picture taken in Hunterbuilding, Victoria University, Wellington 1

2 2. Main Issues Oamaru stone belongs to the softest stones used as a building material. It was and is easy to source, and it is easy to shape but very prone to erosion. Untreated and exposed to the elements, many Oamaru stone features will hardly survive a hundred years. This applies mainly to capping stones, protruding or ornate carvings and north east to north west facing corners. Exchanging these blocks of stones becomes therefore a necessity after 100 to 150 years. This is not only a very costly undertaking, but defies the idea of retaining heritage by gradually replacing it with a replica building. Image: Destruction through restoration? Hunterbuilding, Victoria University, Wellington, 2008 Image: The arrow indicates the strong erosion on a recently inserted stone. Restoration work carried out in Otago Girls High, Dunedin (The new stone is easy to distinguish by the changed joints and the different material). A further complication is that the grade of newly quarried Oamaru stone differs from the original stone and it cannot always be guarantied that this will last as good as the previous stone. As a great number of buildings, memorials and monuments were built from Oamaru stone between 100 to 150 years ago, we are now facing an increasing amount of Oamaru stone buildings that need ever- greater maintenance work. Further more a lot of these structures are loosing their finely carved details beyond recognition, which unfortunately are the first to go. 2

3 Image: Whilst this memorial is still standing strong, the most valubale feature, the inscription has nearly disapiered. Northern Cemetery, Dunedin Painting Oamaru stone can protect it initially - providing no damp gets into the stone. If moisture gets behind the paint, which in general happens around the base or where the paint is broken or when the roof leaks it will 'rot' or blow off large areas of stone. Repeated applications of paint covering over the decades will also mean that detailed carving work will become unrecognisable. Image: Another sad example of the first features to errode on the exterior of a building. Archway West, Otago University. 3

4 3. Historic evidence of protective coatings It was first in the specifications for the building of Larnach's Tomb that I read of lime dust and linseed oil being specified as a final coating to be applied on the Oamaru stone. This would have giving the stone a water repelling coating and prevented it from growing moss and accumulating dirt within a short time. Whilst to most parts this coating has been eroded from the tomb, it is often visible on Oamaru stone buildings as a hard yellowish coating. Just recently I also discovered on the Otago University Geology building the actual brush marks from applying such or similar coating. Image: the pictured pillar and molded stone section still retain a slightly smudged over appearance from the brushed on surface coating. These stones are part of a door entrance and are well protected from the weather. Registry Building, Otago University. Image: a clear difference is visible on this window lintel after being steam cleaned, between linseed covered (dark) and non- covered (eroded and white) areas. Capsc Building, Otago University. 4

5 Following are some examples depicting the linseed covered Oamaru stones in comparison to stones where it has eroded away: Images: The right head/grotesque still retains most of its linseed oil covering and has also experienced very little erosion. The left head in comparison has gradually lost its protective covering and erosion is following fast. 5

6 Images: Where the original stone has been well protected from the elements, not only is the linseed oil covering clearly visible but also the high level of stone carvers craftsmanship. The details are crisp with sharp edges still remaining. These original undamaged works can easily be used for determining the amount of erosion on other exposed stone. Above Image: Marama Hall, Otago University Left Image: Registry, OtagoUniversity 6

7 Images: It might appear as if sunlight is striking the above pictured capitals, but it is erosion that has removed the grimy linseed oil covering and is now exposing the white Oamaru stone. Note also that these three (of dozens of) capitals display a different design. These and the below pictured heraldry are some of few Oamaru stone carved features that have survived with all their detail up to date due to their protective coating and the absence of abrasive cleaning or painting. These items are in urgent need of protection before the erosion sets in any further. Registry, Otago University 7

8 4. Abrasive Cleaning and Unprotected Oamaru Stone Over the decades historic buildings have become very dirty, especially from coal fires and vehicle fumes. This layer of dirt combined with the linseed oil is extremely hard to remove (if not impossible) wihout damaging or removing any stone. It has therefore been common praxis to clean a building by abbrasivly removing the top layer. How many milimeters this requires depends on the level of dirt or errosion, but in all cases it removes the original finish of the stone and slightly changes the apperance. It is best conservation praxis to remove all coating to a natural stone (paint, bitumen, plaster, sealers...) and allow for the stone to breath again. This is because time has shown that covering a stone with for example paint, could cause greater problems further down the track, due to trapping moisture. In the case of our Oamaru stone structures the abrasive cleaning also meant that the protective linseed oil coating was removed. This leaves the stone open again to the elements. On the historic Dunedin Courthouse that was abrasivly cleaned approximately 15 years ago the disadvanteges of this are very visible: not only have the moisture absorbing sufaces become quite dirty again, but in some local areas erosion is also setting in at a much faster pace then would have been seen over the past century. Left Image: This image depicts heavily tooled surfaces created during restoration work. Unfortunately the life and crispness has been somewhat knocked out of the ornamental leaves and features. Dunedin Courthouse 8

9 Image below: The arrow indicates an area where erosion is occuring since the restoration work was carried out. The acanthus leaves within the ornamenbtal band have not been abresivly cleaned and the original detail of the work is still visible. Further note the strong discoloring and moss/lichen growth on the hood. 5. Determining the Cause of Erosion Pictured is an Oamaru stone hood and roll. Whilst the hood protrudes out into the weather and elements it shows little erosion compared with the well protected roll just below. Hunter Building, Victoria University, Wellington 9

10 The previous image depicts an interesting scenario that led me to the belief that salts are the main source of erosion: The hood would receive a more or less regular intake of rainwater. This would most likely include a certain amount of salts from the sea. The moisture will then naturally travel towards the dryer roll below from where it could easily evaporate again, thus leaving the dissolved salts behind to cristilise and blow the Oamaru stone grains apart. Once the stone surface becomes pitted and eroded it will increase the surface area, water evaporation and erosion. Another similar scenario is depicted below, Larnach s Tomb Dunedin. Again stones that are in areas that are more likely to be dried out and also next to stones that absorb more moisture, are the ones with the highest level of erosion. On the interior side, erosion with rings of crystalline salts could be detected. The above images depicts high levels of erosion on Larnach s Tomb, Northern Cemetery, Dunedin The left image shows the erosion on the interior of the above pictured tomb with a ring of salt around the edge. 10

11 Pictured above and right are images from a window on the Geology Building, Otago University. Here large areas of spalling are visible. I have included the previous two images to show that erosion can differ in many ways. The reason of why the stone is spalling and not eroding as previously depicted, is unknown to me. 6. Ideas and Solutions My observations so far, have mainly been visual and based on my experience as a stonemason and at current fall short of peers reviews or scientific backup. Below are questions that I believe will need further research to find out what we are dealing with: Are salts the source of erosion? Was it truly linseed oil that had been historically used? And if, has linseed oil been a successful coating for preserving Oamaru stone? Does linseed oil allow for water vapors and air to pass? What is the cause for Oamaru stone to spall? 11

12 The subsequent questions and actions would be: Is a modern day sealer beneficial for the stone? Does Oamaru stone need poulticing? Run long- term trials with different processes and applications. Monitor buildings where certain processes were applied. Consult with professionals inland and oversees. In New Zealand the stone restoration and conservation industry is small and faces unique challenges due to the local environment and types of stone used. It also faces challenges due to some services and products being non available or hard to source. For this reason I (inspired by others in the industry) believe a central platform should be created where this information can be stored and easily found. This platform would also collate any research and trialing projects, but if well organized could be far more extensive (data base for quarries, materials, expert advice and services). At this stage I would like to hear back from people interested in this field, that either have knowledge to share or would benefit from having access to this information. This will hopefully be enough to loosely start an interest group that can make the first steps in tackling issues such as preserving Oamaru stone. So I apologies to those people reading this paper in the belief that the outlined issue would be well solved by this chapter, but I do hope it will create enough interest to here back from you. Dunedin Railway Station, cleaned and sealed in A prime example of a product being applied that now could well be monitored and the information made available for interested. Product used: Silac from Fraser Brown & Stratmore Ltd 12

MASONRY RESTORATION Lime Putty Mortar Repointing Guide

MASONRY RESTORATION Lime Putty Mortar Repointing Guide 1.0 Preparation for Lime Putty Mortar Pointing 1.1 Tools & Approach A. Grinding - When used in a controlled way, angle grinders with diamond-impregnated metal blades with a maximum 1/8-inch-thickness and

More information

AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM. Filtration

AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM. Filtration Filtration Engine Air Filter Market Trends The Car Care Council Survey Found 84% of Vehicles are lacking General Routine Maintenance Filtration is an important component to the life of a vehicle. Engine

More information

G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR. For longer lasting decks, install Grace Vycor Deck Protector. It s an easy add-on to your deck projects.

G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR. For longer lasting decks, install Grace Vycor Deck Protector. It s an easy add-on to your deck projects. For longer lasting decks, install Grace Vycor Deck Protector. It s an easy add-on to your deck projects. G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR Self-Adhered Flashing NEW FROM THE MAKERS OF G Ice & Water Shield I Moisture

More information

RDH Building Sciences Inc.

RDH Building Sciences Inc. MAK LTR 2007 03 26 Proposal for Building Enclosure Consulting Services RDH Building Sciences Inc. 509 FAIRVIEW AVENUE N SEATTLE WA 98109-5507 TEL 206 324 2272 FAX 206 324 6339 SEA@RDHBE.COM WWW.RDHBE.COM

More information

bout your HOUSE before you start Repairing And Replacing Materials Exterior Walls

bout your HOUSE before you start Repairing And Replacing Materials Exterior Walls A bout your HOUSE before you start Repairing And Replacing Materials Exterior Walls CE 28 h Exterior finish materials are expected to protect the house from the elements while providing an attractive appearance.

More information

SECOND GRADE 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

SECOND GRADE 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES SECOND GRADE 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WATER CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SECOND GRADE WATER WEEK 1. PRE: Exploring the properties of water. LAB: Experimenting with different soap mixtures. POST: Analyzing

More information

WEATHERING SCALE AIRCRAFT

WEATHERING SCALE AIRCRAFT WEATHERING SCALE AIRCRAFT Quick Techniques and Tips on Weathering Model Aircraft By Randy Fields IPMS#13710 WEATHERING SCALE AIRCRAFT January Fort Crook Seminar Weathering scale aircraft is a matter of

More information

Stone Developments. Caring for Irish Blue Limestone Products. Irish Blue Limestone Maintenance Guide

Stone Developments. Caring for Irish Blue Limestone Products. Irish Blue Limestone Maintenance Guide Stone Developments Irish Blue Limestone Maintenance Guide Caring for Irish Blue Limestone Products As an naturally occurring material, blue limestone is ideally suited to withstand environmental stresses,

More information

A City s Smoke and Soot, Chicago Daily Tribune; August 18, 1888

A City s Smoke and Soot, Chicago Daily Tribune; August 18, 1888 What damage does the smoke of Chicago do to the architectural interests of the city? It does incalculable damage, both from an artistic and financial standpoint. What chance has any light color in Chicago?

More information

K2 STONE NATURAL VENEER

K2 STONE NATURAL VENEER INTRODUCTION WHAT IS K2 NATURAL THINSTONE VENEER? Natural K2 Stone veneer is real stone, cut 1 inch thick, making it light enough to be installed as a veneer. Sometimes referred to as thin veneer, thin

More information

Metropolitan Builders Association Masonry & Concrete Standard

Metropolitan Builders Association Masonry & Concrete Standard Metropolitan Builders Association Masonry & Concrete Standard Background Masonry and concrete work in residential construction often provides the base structure upon which the house is built or as a veneer.

More information

St. Joseph s Apache Mission Restoration Project

St. Joseph s Apache Mission Restoration Project St. Joseph s Apache Mission Restoration Project illustrated Progress Report: Spring 2000 The south transept of St. Joseph s Apache Mission. This area has some of the most severe interior deterioration.

More information

Points of Construction

Points of Construction Points of Construction BCB Homes builds the best homes in America. Period. The physics of building in the South Florida hot, humid climate are hard enough on their own, but BCB executes the details better

More information

Your simple guide to. French polishing

Your simple guide to. French polishing Your simple guide to French polishing Manufacturer of quality finishes With over 100 years experience of treating wood Liberon s heritage lies in the manufacture and development of traditional finishes

More information

The history of brick in Scotland Signs of deterioration in brickwork Causes of deterioration Repair and maintenance of brick structures

The history of brick in Scotland Signs of deterioration in brickwork Causes of deterioration Repair and maintenance of brick structures Repairing brickwork Introduction Bricks can be defined as small rectangular blocks of fired clay. They come in a variety of sizes, shapes and colours. They also vary in age and quality. A large number

More information

Stone and Masonry Restoration

Stone and Masonry Restoration Stone and Masonry Restoration with Remmers Systems Cleaning Equipment Cleaning Chemicals Consolidation and Strengthening Restoration and Pointing Preservation and Conservation Stone and Masonry Restoration

More information

BLACK JACK ALL WEATHER ROOF COATING

BLACK JACK ALL WEATHER ROOF COATING PAGE: 1 of 6 PRINT DATE: 16/09/2004 BLACK JACK ALL WEATHER ROOF COATING DESCRIPTION BLACK JACK ALL WEATHER ROOF COATING is a solvent based, full bodied black brushable compound with added fibres for reinforcement.

More information

INSTRUCTION FOR ASSEMBLY. 150x180 v Traditional sauna cabin

INSTRUCTION FOR ASSEMBLY. 150x180 v Traditional sauna cabin INSTRUCTION FOR ASSEMBLY 150x180 v Traditional sauna cabin 1. SAUNA PLAN 1800 LIGHT UNDER THE BENCH VENTILATION OUTLET UPPER BENCH 600 1500 LOWER BENCH 400 700 1656 956 HEATER 366 381 690 815 Light switch

More information

Shapes & Symbols. Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic.

Shapes & Symbols. Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic. Notes 10/6 Name: Period: Date: Shapes & Symbols Shape is an element of art. There are two kinds of shapes, geometric and organic. Geometric Shapes Geometric shapes are shapes that have names. These are

More information

Technical Advice Note

Technical Advice Note Technical Advice Note Topic: Specifications for and use of traditional wet dash lime harling Reference Number: TAN1 When to harl Prior to about 1930, virtually all harling was wet dash and where harling

More information

Reference: BRM-00220488-A0 July 18 th, 2014. Cursory Visual Review of Various Below Grade Spaces and Exposed Foundation Walls

Reference: BRM-00220488-A0 July 18 th, 2014. Cursory Visual Review of Various Below Grade Spaces and Exposed Foundation Walls Reference: BRM-00220488-A0 July 18 th, 2014 Toronto Catholic District School Board 80 Sheppard Avenue East Toronto, Ontario M2N 6E8 Re: 1.0 Introduction Exp Services Inc. (exp) was retained by the Toronto

More information

Garver Feed Mill Condition Evaluation

Garver Feed Mill Condition Evaluation Garver Feed Mill Condition Evaluation OUTLINE Brick masonry overview Condition assessment & methodology Project overview Existing conditions Stabilization Probable costs Summary BRICK MASONRY OVERVIEW

More information

A. Work on this project shall consist of, but is not limited to, the following:

A. Work on this project shall consist of, but is not limited to, the following: PART 1 - GENERAL CLEANING AND RESTORATION OF SECTION 05900-1 1.1 SUMMARY A. Work on this project shall consist of, but is not limited to, the following: 1. Clean and treat all exposed anodized architectural

More information

Guide. to Common Brick Staining. in New Construction. www.prosoco.com. improving the appearance and performance of buildings

Guide. to Common Brick Staining. in New Construction. www.prosoco.com. improving the appearance and performance of buildings Guide to Common Brick Staining in New Construction www.prosoco.com improving the appearance and performance of buildings Which stains invited themselves to your projects? Here s a rogues gallery of masonry

More information

ROOF INSPECTION REPORT

ROOF INSPECTION REPORT ROOF INSPECTION REPORT Date: October 9, 2012 Requesting Firm: FIRST CHOICE INSPECTIONS Santiago Salazar Address: 447 Chilberg Court, San Jose, CA 95133 Phone #: 408-771-7563 Roof Inspected At: 1465 Gerlach

More information

SEE HOW TO MAKE LIME PLASTER WHY USE LIME? PATTI STOUTER, BUILD SIMPLE INC. FEBRUARY 2013

SEE HOW TO MAKE LIME PLASTER WHY USE LIME? PATTI STOUTER, BUILD SIMPLE INC. FEBRUARY 2013 SEE HOW TO MAKE LIME PLASTER PATTI STOUTER, BUILD SIMPLE INC. FEBRUARY 2013 WHY USE LIME? Lime plaster forms a light, clean, and durable surface that is resistant to weather and mold. A thin layer attaches

More information

Efflorescence in Masonry: Understanding the Problems and Solutions

Efflorescence in Masonry: Understanding the Problems and Solutions Patrick Loughran, AIA, PE, LEED AP July 13, 2007 Page 1 Efflorescence in Masonry: Understanding the Problems and Solutions By Patrick Loughran, AIA, PE, LEED AP Reprinted by permission of the author. The

More information

Understanding Masonry Saturation Leakage By Lance R. Hodgkinson Owner Hodgkinson Company Restoration

Understanding Masonry Saturation Leakage By Lance R. Hodgkinson Owner Hodgkinson Company Restoration Understanding Masonry Saturation Leakage By Lance R. Hodgkinson Owner Hodgkinson Company Restoration Lance R. Hodgkinson 1998 Most masonry is water resistant, but it is not entirely waterproof. When masonry

More information

Water Management & Damage Prevention:

Water Management & Damage Prevention: Water Management & Damage Prevention: A Guide for Homeowners This article provides homeowners with basic information to make these decisions and take the appropriate actions to keep their homes dry and

More information

Molds and mildew are fungi that grow

Molds and mildew are fungi that grow Appendix C: Moisture, Mold and Mildew Molds and mildew are fungi that grow on the surfaces of objects, within pores, and in deteriorated materials. They can cause discoloration and odor problems, deteriorate

More information

BEST PRACTICE GUIDE. Fibrelime Premixed Universal Plaster and Render

BEST PRACTICE GUIDE. Fibrelime Premixed Universal Plaster and Render BEST PRACTICE GUIDE Fibrelime Premixed Universal Plaster and Render Contents: Fibrelime description Fibrelime suitability Preparation before application Application Aftercare Painting General Recommended

More information

Mold Preventing I nterior System

Mold Preventing I nterior System interior insulation and renovation boards A system of components that have been designed to work perfectly together to repair damage caused by mold. The system consists of boards, insulation wedges, reveal

More information

Building and Grounds Maintenance Checklist

Building and Grounds Maintenance Checklist Building and Grounds Maintenance Checklist Name: School: Room or Area: Date Completed: Signature: Instructions 1. Read the IAQ Backgrounder and the Background Information for this checklist. 2. Keep the

More information

May 5, 2010. Client Client Address. Re: Inspection Address, Chicago, Illinois. Dear Mr. Client,

May 5, 2010. Client Client Address. Re: Inspection Address, Chicago, Illinois. Dear Mr. Client, PROPERTY INSPECTION PROFESSIONALS May 5, 2010 Client Client Address Re: Inspection Address, Chicago, Illinois Dear Mr. Client, On May 4, 2010, Tomacor completed a property inspection of the above referenced

More information

Your guide to home maintenance. Flat Roofs

Your guide to home maintenance. Flat Roofs Your guide to home maintenance Flat Roofs Your guide to home maintenance is a series of information leaflets that gives you all the information you need to keep your home in tiptop condition. Flat Roofs

More information

Building Condition Assessment: 215-219 West Lexington Street Baltimore, Maryland

Building Condition Assessment: 215-219 West Lexington Street Baltimore, Maryland KPA The Joint Venture of EBA Engineering, Inc. and Kennedy Porter & Associates, Inc. 4813 Seton Drive, Baltimore, MD 21215 Phone: (410-358-7171) Fax: (410)358-7213 Building Condition Assessment: Baltimore,

More information

Roof Coatings. An Honest Opinion.

Roof Coatings. An Honest Opinion. Roof Coatings. An Honest Opinion. In 1996 Steve (James) was given the opportunity along with his associate at the time Cameron Waldron from Australia whom I met through working with Roofline Products.

More information

LAYING BLOCK AND BRICK

LAYING BLOCK AND BRICK LAYING BLOCK AND BRICK Products highlighted in this section: SAKRETE Type N Mortar Mix SAKRETE Type S Mortar Mix Brick And Block Laying Basics The first step in building a brick or block wall is to construct

More information

Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards For Painting Steel Surfaces

Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards For Painting Steel Surfaces Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards For Painting Steel Surfaces Printed by Manchester Contents Contents 3 Foreword 4 Scope 5 Rust grades 6 Preparation grades. Scraping and wire-brushing 6 Preparation

More information

How to Install Hardwood Flooring Over a Sub Floor

How to Install Hardwood Flooring Over a Sub Floor How to Install Hardwood Flooring Over a Sub Floor Installation Preparation Instructions Read the entire instructions before starting your project. 1) INSPECT EACH PLANK (see fig. a) Wood is a natural product

More information

RECOATING AND RENEWING SPF ROOFING SYSTEMS

RECOATING AND RENEWING SPF ROOFING SYSTEMS RECOATING AND RENEWING SPF ROOFING SYSTEMS Procedures, Regional Differences and type of coating systems Bruce Schenke Premium Spray Products REASONS TO RECOAT/RENEW Add a new coating layer to renew the

More information

Filling Grain and Finishing Calls With CA Glue

Filling Grain and Finishing Calls With CA Glue Filling Grain and Finishing Calls With CA Glue Call makers use dozens if not hundreds of different products and techniques to finish their calls. The emphasis is on sealing the wood, and giving the call

More information

Barewood Octagon and Elongated Windows Installation Instructions

Barewood Octagon and Elongated Windows Installation Instructions Step-by-step instructions to a beautiful window. Measuring and Installation of your new window from Century Specialty Windows couldn't be easier with our step-by-step instructions. Quality, function and

More information

DESSO CARPET TILES / BROADLOOM CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE

DESSO CARPET TILES / BROADLOOM CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE DESSO CARPET TILES / BROADLOOM CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE 1. PRIOR TO INSTALLATION 1.1 Anti-Soil Treatment An anti-soil treatment is a protective soil resistant treatment added to fibre or yarn at the time

More information

Elitch Gardens. and. Forensic Science Workbook. Mad Science Whodunnit Challenge 2015

Elitch Gardens. and. Forensic Science Workbook. Mad Science Whodunnit Challenge 2015 Elitch Gardens and Forensic Science Workbook Mad Science Whodunnit Challenge 2015 Name: Mad Science of Colorado 8380 Zuni St Denver, CO 80221 303.403.0432 www.colorado.madscience.org Whodunnit Challenge

More information

Historic Preservation Principles and Approaches

Historic Preservation Principles and Approaches Section 4: Historic Preservation Principles & Approaches four section Historic Preservation Principles and Approaches Before any preservation project is begun, a number of fundamental decisions need to

More information

WET/DAMP BASEMENTS ANSWER: BASEMENT WALLS AND FLOORS CAN BECOME WET BY A LEAK, CAPILLARY SUCTION OR CONDENSATION.

WET/DAMP BASEMENTS ANSWER: BASEMENT WALLS AND FLOORS CAN BECOME WET BY A LEAK, CAPILLARY SUCTION OR CONDENSATION. WET/DAMP BASEMENTS PROBLEM. IS THIS BASEMENT LEAKING OR COULD WE HAVE ANOTHER PROBLEM? Water line arching up on wall in corners of basement. Water collecting on concrete floor starting in corners. ANSWER:

More information

Preparing a maintenance plan

Preparing a maintenance plan The maintenance series Information sheet 1.1 Preparing a maintenance plan Introduction The regular expenditure of a small amount of maintenance funds is much better for a building, and more cost effective,

More information

Historic District Design Standards 2-1

Historic District Design Standards 2-1 Historic District Design Standards 2-1 DESIGN STANDARDS INTRODUCTION "Preservation" is a term that everybody understands in some way, but the number of interpretations is surprising. To some it means museum

More information

Asbestos Encapsulation Solutions

Asbestos Encapsulation Solutions Asbestos Encapsulation Solutions Eliminate your Asbestos problem quickly, safely, effectively and at an affordable price, with SealPro Sealants and Coatings SealPro ACM-REPELLO - and or ACM-SUPABOND (

More information

CONDITION OF QUALITY ITEMS

CONDITION OF QUALITY ITEMS CONDITION OF QUALITY ITEMS FOUNDATION Always look for moisture problems and any bulges or irregularities in the walls. Lines on the walls or floors may indicate water problems. Have these been cured? If

More information

DIY GUIDE 10 EASY STEPS FOR TREATMENT OF RISING DAMP

DIY GUIDE 10 EASY STEPS FOR TREATMENT OF RISING DAMP DIY GUIDE 10 EASY STEPS FOR TREATMENT OF RISING DAMP CONTENTS WHAT IS RISING DAMP STEP 1 SURVEY STEP 2 METER READINGS STEP 3 CONCLUSION STEP 4 PREPARATION FOR TREATMENT STEP 5 TYPE OF TREATMENT STEP 6

More information

Maintaining YOUR TILE ROOF

Maintaining YOUR TILE ROOF Maintaining YOUR TILE ROOF TABLE OF CONTENTS Maintaining Your Tile Roof 2 Walking on Your Tile Roof 2 Replacing Broken Tiles 3 Mildew, Algae and Moss 4 Cleaning, Re-Coating & Painting 4 Efflorescence 5

More information

Tunnels & Arches OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Tunnels & Arches OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM P r o d u c t a p p l i c a t i o n s a n d t e c h n i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n 5 Tunnels & Arches V OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM V Create dry usable space with the original X pattern

More information

THE MINARET INCIDENTS AT PUTRAJAYA

THE MINARET INCIDENTS AT PUTRAJAYA THE MINARET INCIDENTS AT PUTRAJAYA The Ultimate Test Case for the Early Streamer Emission Technology & Standard By Z. A. Hartono & I Robiah October 2010 E-mail: zahartono@ieee.org Summary Bypasses (i.e.

More information

ROOFS - Guidance for Repair, Maintenance and Replacement

ROOFS - Guidance for Repair, Maintenance and Replacement ROOFS - Guidance for Repair, Maintenance and Replacement Guilford Association Architectural Committee ROOFING Slate and tile roofs are a critical design feature of Guilford homes. The homes were designed

More information

DENSO WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS

DENSO WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS DENSO WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS Approved Quality Management System AS/NZS ISO 9001:2008 Lloyds Register Certificate N o Mel 0927759 Denso (Australia) Pty Ltd A MEMBER OF WINN & COALES INTERNATIONAL 411 413

More information

High level roof inspection. Condition & Options Study

High level roof inspection. Condition & Options Study BROMPTON CEMETERY COnSERVATION PLAN: APPENDIX 3 High level roof inspection. Condition & Options Study The Royal Parks organised a Cherry Picker survey at Brompton Cemetery on 05th November 2014 to enable

More information

How To Prevent Water Damage To A Home

How To Prevent Water Damage To A Home Having inspected about 800 homes in the last four years, I have seen a lot of problems with many homes. Most of these problems are minor; however, there are some problems that are quite serious. One of

More information

A. B. MARTIN. Roofing Supply, llc. Roofing & Siding Hardware Lumber. Metal Roofing. The Six Myths of. www.abmartin.net

A. B. MARTIN. Roofing Supply, llc. Roofing & Siding Hardware Lumber. Metal Roofing. The Six Myths of. www.abmartin.net A. B. MARTIN Roofing Supply, llc Roofing & Siding Hardware Lumber The Six Myths of Metal Roofing www.abmartin.net Myth #1 A metal roof is way more expensive than asphalt shingles Actually, corrugated metal

More information

PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES

PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES 1. Foundation/Basement 17 PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES 1. FOUNDATION/BASEMENT 1.1 Efflorescence on concrete or masonry surfaces Efflorescence is the formation of a white crystalline or powdery deposit on the

More information

Historic Esmont Virginia Post Office Renovation

Historic Esmont Virginia Post Office Renovation Historic Esmont Virginia Post Office Renovation 2008-03-09 06:00:00 by BeamsPainting Historic Esmont Post Office Beams Painting had the pleasure of planning and implementing the restoration of historic

More information

ARDEX GUIDE SPECIFICATION ARDEX Exterior Concrete Repair & Resurfacing Polymer-Modified, Cement-Based, Patch & Horizontal Overlay Materials

ARDEX GUIDE SPECIFICATION ARDEX Exterior Concrete Repair & Resurfacing Polymer-Modified, Cement-Based, Patch & Horizontal Overlay Materials ARDEX GUIDE SPECIFICATION ARDEX Exterior Concrete Repair & Resurfacing Polymer-Modified, Cement-Based, Patch & Horizontal Overlay Materials SECTION 03 92 50 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings,

More information

Cleaning guide for senior living facilities

Cleaning guide for senior living facilities Cleaning guide for senior living facilities Altro s recommended cleaning and maintenance guidelines for senior living facilities. Introduction Most senior living facilities require commercial cleaning

More information

Baumit Renders for Porotherm Masonry. Application Guidelines. n Light and easy application n Tried and tested

Baumit Renders for Porotherm Masonry. Application Guidelines. n Light and easy application n Tried and tested Renders for Porotherm Masonry Application Guidelines n Light and easy application n Tried and tested Porotherm is a Wienerberger Group brand Ideas with a future Renders for Porotherm Masonry International

More information

Items in red were complete 2-22-10. Items in green were complete on 8-2-11. Lined out items are Life Safety Codes.

Items in red were complete 2-22-10. Items in green were complete on 8-2-11. Lined out items are Life Safety Codes. Office of Safe and Orderly Schools Facility Safety Assessment Dennis Meador, School Facilities Supervisor Mark Hobson, School Facilities Supervisor Division of School Building September 18 19, 2007 Items

More information

Application of Exterior Wood Finishes

Application of Exterior Wood Finishes Application of Exterior Wood Finishes The following information is excerpted from the publication, Exterior Wood in the South Selection, Applications, and Finishes by Daniel L. Cassens and William C. Feist;

More information

Home inspectors are not mold inspectors, however they do inspect for defects that

Home inspectors are not mold inspectors, however they do inspect for defects that CONDENSATION IN THE WALLS Home inspectors are not mold inspectors, however they do inspect for defects that can result in mold. Mold grows in wet or damp environments. Defects that result in a wet or damp

More information

Response, Reliability and Results. for Managed Property

Response, Reliability and Results. for Managed Property Response, Reliability and Results for Managed Property Contents Response, Reliability and Results 1 Profit from your property 2 Property Performance Services 3 Energy assessments - beyond compliance 4

More information

G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR

G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR G VYCOR DECK PROTECTOR Self-Adhered Flashing Contractor s Guide DECKS AND DETAIL AREAS For longer lasting decks, install Grace Vycor Deck Protector. FROM THE MAKERS OF G Ice & Water Shield What Self-Adhered

More information

Solvent Cementing Instructions For Plastic Pipe & Fittings

Solvent Cementing Instructions For Plastic Pipe & Fittings Solvent Cementing Instructions For Plastic Pipe & Fittings Description Solvent cementing is the process of fusing plastic pipe and fittings by the use of an adhesive containing a suitable active solvent

More information

TrūShine Gel Enamel FAQs

TrūShine Gel Enamel FAQs Q. Is TrūShine Gel Enamel 5-Free? TrūShine Gel Enamel FAQs Yes. All TrūShine Gel Enamel formulas are without DBP, Formaldehyde, Toluene, Formaldehyde Resin, and Camphor. Q. Can Host Rewards be applied

More information

Inspired Millwork Design Services

Inspired Millwork Design Services Inspired Millwork Design Services 1 2 Inspired Millwork Design Services Andrea D Alessio It was always my desire to travel and build; to create one-of-a-kind designs for discerning clients. All of my designs

More information

High Performance Building Materials SCREEDS REPAIR MORTARS LEVELLING & SMOOTHING WATERPROOFING TILE ADHESIVES & GROUTS PRIMERS & ADDITIVES

High Performance Building Materials SCREEDS REPAIR MORTARS LEVELLING & SMOOTHING WATERPROOFING TILE ADHESIVES & GROUTS PRIMERS & ADDITIVES High Performance Building Materials SCREEDS REPAIR MORTARS LEVELLING & SMOOTHING WATERPROOFING TILE ADHESIVES & GROUTS PRIMERS & ADDITIVES ARDEX manufacture a complete range of high performance building

More information

201 WATER STREET FORWARDERS MUSEUM AND VISITORS INFORMATION CENTRE

201 WATER STREET FORWARDERS MUSEUM AND VISITORS INFORMATION CENTRE STRUCTURAL INSPECTION REPORT DRAFT 201 WATER STREET FORWARDERS MUSEUM AND VISITORS INFORMATION CENTRE TOWN OF PRESCOTT Date: November 2013 GENIVAR No.: 131-20617-00 2611 Queensview Drive, Suite 300, Ottawa,

More information

"YOUR OLD HOUSE" - Paint By Ken Marchtaler, Certified Coatings Consultant

YOUR OLD HOUSE - Paint By Ken Marchtaler, Certified Coatings Consultant "YOUR OLD HOUSE" - Paint By Ken Marchtaler, Certified Coatings Consultant Your Heritage Paint Project The materials used in constructing heritage buildings are often considered well above the standards

More information

The rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks?

The rock cycle. Introduction. What are rocks? The rock cycle This Revision looks at the three types of rock: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. It looks at how they are formed, the weathering of rocks and the way one form of rock turns into another,

More information

KINDERGARTEN PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES

KINDERGARTEN PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES KINDERGARTEN PLATE TECTONICS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES PLATE TECTONIC CYCLE OVERVIEW OF KINDERGARTEN VOLCANOES WEEK 1. PRE: Learning that all mountains are not volcanoes. LAB: Investigating rocks

More information

Environmental Protection Information Sheet: 2. Advice on Asbestos

Environmental Protection Information Sheet: 2. Advice on Asbestos Environmental Protection Information Sheet: 2 Advice on Asbestos A s b e s t o s Asbestos is a natural mineral, which has been widely used in construction materials and in articles within the home for

More information

The Principles. Fact Sheet 01. Central Police Station Revitalisation Project Restoration of the Historic Buildings

The Principles. Fact Sheet 01. Central Police Station Revitalisation Project Restoration of the Historic Buildings Fact Sheet 01 Central Police Station Revitalisation Project Restoration of the Historic Buildings The Principles An artist s impression of the revitalised Central Police Station compound The Central Police

More information

1. The Determination of Boiling Point

1. The Determination of Boiling Point 1. The Determination of Boiling Point Objective In this experiment, you will first check your thermometer for errors by determining the temperature of two stable equilibrium systems. You will then use

More information

Glossop Design & Place Making Strategy

Glossop Design & Place Making Strategy Supplementary Planning Document to the High Peak Local Plan June 2011 Design Brief for the Town Hall Complex GILLESPIES I GERALD EVE Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey map with the permission of Ordnance

More information

Roof Inspection. Summary Report

Roof Inspection. Summary Report www.real-estate-inspections.com Roof Inspection Summary Report Subject Property Prepared for: File Number: Client in Detroit 05-15-RF-004 Inspector: Craig Milliken, PE # 32779 CPM Real Estate Inspections,

More information

I ve always had a great passion. Double-Walled Vessels. Studio Ceramics. by Hiroe Hanazono

I ve always had a great passion. Double-Walled Vessels. Studio Ceramics. by Hiroe Hanazono Double-Walled Vessels by Hiroe Hanazono Double-walled vessels cast from original molds, sprayed glazes, fired to cone 6. I ve always had a great passion for food cooking, eating, setting the table, and

More information

GigaCrete Specification PlasterMax

GigaCrete Specification PlasterMax GigaCrete Inc. 6775 Speedway Blvd. Suite M105 Las Vegas, NV 89115 Ph (702) 643-6363 Fax (702) 643 1453 www.gigacrete.com GigaCrete Specification PlasterMax PlasterMax : Fire Rated Plaster for Direct Application

More information

74 Chapter 5. 5.5 CO 2 Cleaning

74 Chapter 5. 5.5 CO 2 Cleaning 74 Chapter 5 5.5 CO 2 Cleaning The CO 2 method involves spraying CO 2 snow against the optical surface. Snow is made using a specialized nozzle (Fig. 5.7) that expands the gas or liquid through an orifice.

More information

Look out for the reviews before you happen to finalize the siding replacement service

Look out for the reviews before you happen to finalize the siding replacement service Look out for the reviews before you happen to finalize the siding replacement service Replacement of its siding can completely upgrade the market value of your house. Although the siding replacement work

More information

UDOT SPILL PREVENTION and RESPONSE PLAN for CONSTRUCTION SITES

UDOT SPILL PREVENTION and RESPONSE PLAN for CONSTRUCTION SITES UDOT SPILL PREVENTION and RESPONSE PLAN for CONSTRUCTION SITES February 2014 The plan contained in the following pages was developed in part from UDOT Construction Division s Safety and Health Manual,

More information

Interior Walls below and above ground OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Interior Walls below and above ground OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM P r o d u c t a p p l i c a t i o n s a n d t e c h n i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n 2 below and above ground V OLDROYD THE ULTIMATE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE SYSTEM V The flexible, fast and cost-effective answer

More information

Inspecting to a higher standard.

Inspecting to a higher standard. Inspecting to a higher standard. Rob Hopkin Silver Spring, MD 20902 Monday, June 2, 2014 ProTec Inspection Services Inc. 19736 Selby Ave Poolesville, MD 20837 301-972-8531 www.protec-inspections.com rob@protec-inspections.com

More information

Tested to BS 6375: Part 1: 1989 and achieved a weathertightness classification of 2000 Pa (Special)

Tested to BS 6375: Part 1: 1989 and achieved a weathertightness classification of 2000 Pa (Special) THE B6 GLAZING SYSTEM GLAZING SYSTEMS FOR SEPTEMBER 2013 THE B6 HEEL BEAD SEAL SECURITY GLAZING SYSTEM Page 1 DESCRIPTION The B6 Heel Bead Seal Security Glazing System is suitable for installing all types

More information

Cosmetic and Exterior Trim. Exterior Plastic, Rubber and Trim

Cosmetic and Exterior Trim. Exterior Plastic, Rubber and Trim Cosmetic and Exterior Trim Exterior Plastic, Rubber and Trim More maligned than exterior metals, more abused than automotive glass, more rejected than your ride s rubber; this is the story of exterior

More information

Damp Causes and Solutions

Damp Causes and Solutions Damp Causes and Solutions The subject of damp in buildings invites much comment and speculation. The issue is often misunderstood and proposed solutions are often expensive, damaging, and usually affect

More information

See photo below showing this product being applied to a badly corroded floor.

See photo below showing this product being applied to a badly corroded floor. SPECIALTY COATINGS, INC 805 Lehigh Ave. Union, NJ 07083 TEL 888-755-7361 FAX 888-755-6231 www.armorpoxy.com info@armorpoxy.com FLOOR REPAIR, LEVELING & PREP BULLETIN This bulletin has been prepared by

More information

USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR 10 LITRE PORTABLE DEHUMIDIFIER MODEL NO. DHMD102

USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR 10 LITRE PORTABLE DEHUMIDIFIER MODEL NO. DHMD102 USER INSTRUCTIONS FOR 10 LITRE PORTABLE DEHUMIDIFIER MODEL NO. DHMD102 THANK YOU FOR CHOOSING YOUR NEW DEHUMIDIFIER. BEFORE USING THE UNIT READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FULLY AND RETAIN THEM FOR FUTURE REFERENCE

More information

Housing Services Guidance for tackling condensation, damp and mould in your home

Housing Services Guidance for tackling condensation, damp and mould in your home Housing Services Guidance for tackling condensation, damp and mould in your home Housing Services - Guidance for tackling condensation, damp and mould in your home Contents Page What is condensation? 2

More information

ERECTION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAMPUS SEATTLE

ERECTION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAMPUS SEATTLE ERECTION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CAMPUS SEATTLE BEFORE USE PLEASE TAKE TIME TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE ERECTION INSTRUCTIONS. FAILURE TO ERECT THE TENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE

More information

Retail Price List 2015

Retail Price List 2015 Retail Price List 2015 SETTING MORTARS SERVOFLEX TRIO SUPER TEC Flexible Full Transfer Thin Set and Medium Bed Mortar 20 KG Flexible, cement-based thin set and medium bed mortar with polymer additive for

More information

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT Project: 1432-1434 East Commerce St. Job. No: 122200 Location: San Antonio, TX Date: Dec. 10, 2012 Weather: Sunny, Windy,60 deg Performed by: Jeff Haughton and Frank Lamas, Alpha

More information

Reconditioning your Maserati s leather Ivan Ruiz February 2005 Updated May 2009

Reconditioning your Maserati s leather Ivan Ruiz February 2005 Updated May 2009 Reconditioning your Maserati s leather Ivan Ruiz February 2005 Updated May 2009 Maserati has traditionally employed high quality Connolly leather in their interiors. There are different grades of Connolly

More information