MWEA Biosolids and Energy Conference. Technologies for Biogas Conditioning March 3 and March 4, 2009
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1 MWEA Biosolids and Energy Conference Technologies for Biogas Conditioning March 3 and March 4, 2009
2 Unison Solutions Overview Biogas compression/treatment system design and fabrication (Siloxane, moisture and H2S removal) 75 systems in operation Turnkey waste-to-energy systems Gas conditioning system components (suction scrubbers, heat exchangers, filtration, condensate knock-outs, etc.) Custom System Design and Fabrication
3 Multiple awards for Biogas systems (EPA project of the year 2003, 2006 SWANA Gold Award) Unison Solutions Overview (cont) Stainless Steel Vessel Fabrication (ASME Pressure Vessels) Capstone MicroTurbine distributor and service provider (10 states) Automation and UL panel shop Gas testing and analysis
4 Fabrication Facility
5 Assembly and Testing Area 800scfm Gas Treatment System
6 A Sampling of Unison Solutions Biogas WWTF/Industrial Digesters Projects 1. Rockford IL-2.25 MW Waukesha Engine CHP 2. Milwaukee South Shore Gas Compression 3. Albert Lea MN-4 Turbine CHP 4. Sheboygan WI-10 Turbine CHP 5. St. Petersburg, FL 9 Turbine CHP 6. Tulare CA WWTF-Gas Treatment for Fuel Cells 7. Dublin San Ramon CA WWTF-Gas Treatment for Fuel Cells 8. Durango CO WWTF-2 Turbine CHP 9. Flagstaff AZ WWTF-Jenbacher Generator CHP 10. MMSD-Gas Treatment for Waukesha Gen Sets
7 20scfm Gas Treatment System
8 Dublin San Ramon CA-WWTF FCE Fuel Cell Installation
9 Biogas Treatment Systems What is driving the need for increased gas treatment on biogas fueled generation and direct use projects?
10 Equipment Damage and Performance Issues
11 Key System Components Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Moisture Removal Compressor or Blower Siloxane Removal CO2 Removal
12 Typical Gas Treatment System
13 Why Hydrogen Sulfide Removal? Equipment Damage from Corrosion (Hydrosulfuric Acid) Health and Safety Issues (1000ppm will cause an individual to go unconscious) Odor Control Causes fouling of siloxane removal media
14 Types of H2S Removal Media Based - Iron Sponge - SulfaTreat Liquid H2S Removal - SulfrStrip (AFT) - Amine Solutions Biological - NATCO Shell-Paques - Amine Solutions - Biothane Biopuric
15 MMSD 800scfm Iron Sponge
16 Natco Group Amine System
17 Biothane Biopuric Biological System
18 Why Moisture Removal? Prevents condensation downstream Improves energy content of gas Condenses into compressors Formation of weak acids from interaction with H2S and CO2 Fouling of Siloxane removal systems
19 Types of Moisture Removal Equipment Knockout Suction Scrubber or De-mister Ambient Air Cooler Refrigerated Dryer Glycol Chilling
20 Suction Scrubber or De-Mister
21 Ambient Air Cooler
22 Refrigerated Dryer
23 Unison Uni-Chiller Glycol Chiller
24 Why Siloxane Removal? Organosilicons produced by Dow Chemical Used in the manufacture of many commercial products including: makeup, tooth paste, shampoo, lubricants, etc. Present in almost all digester gas from 500ppbv to 140,000ppbv. MM, D4 and D5 account for 75% to 95% in biogas. (2, 4 and 5 silicon atoms per molecule. Do not breakdown during processing at WWTFs or in Landfills
25 The Problem When VOCs and Siloxanes are in the digester gas: Combustion of VOCs containing only carbon hydrogen and oxygen forms carbon dioxide and water vapor. Combustion of Siloxanes forms carbon dioxide, water vapor, and silicon dioxide, which is a solid and is also the main ingredient in sand. Since this is not a gas, some of it stays in the engine.
26 The Damaging Results Pressure and temperature transform the Siloxanes into various abrasive silica forms from sand to glass. Causes damage to boilers, internal combustion engines and microturbines Usage in commercial products is increasing at 5% to 10% annually. Problems with Siloxanes are here to stay.
27 Siloxane Damaged Piston
28 Siloxane Buildup on Cylinder Head
29 Silica Layer ½ to 1 Thick Pitting of Boiler Tubes
30 Processes for Removing Siloxanes from Biogas Fixed Bed Carbon Filters (AFT SAG, Calgon, Carbon Air) Fixed Bed Silica Gel Bead Filters (AFT) Regenerated Desiccants (Domnick Hunter) Regenerated Carbon (Jenbacher TSA) Regenerated Graphite (AFT SWOP) Regeneration with Micro Wave
31 AFT SAG Fixed Bed Process
32 Jenbacher TSA System
33 AFT SWOP Gas Treatment Process
34 Unison Typical Gas Treatment
35 Why CO2 Removal? Opportunity to create a fuel that can be injected into a pipeline Create a compressed vehicle fuel equivalent to CNG
36 CO2 Removal Processes PSA-Pressure Swing Absorption (QuestAir, Molecular Gate) Membrane Separation (Air Liquide) Solvent-Polyethylene Glycol Absorption (Selexol)
37 Quest Air M3100 PSA CO2 Removal System
38 QuestAir PSA Process
39 End Use Opportunities Direct Use-Boiler Fuel Electrical Generation-IC Engines, Fuel Cells, Turbines Distribution Pipeline Injection Compressed gas for vehicle fuel
40 Unison Solutions Project Support Summary Biogas compression/treatment system design and fabrication (Siloxane, moisture and H2S removal) Blower skids Gas conditioning system components (suction scrubbers, heat exchangers, filtration, condensate knock-outs, etc.) Vessel Fabrication Capstone MicroTurbine distributor and service provider (10 states) Gas testing and analysis
41 TEST and TREAT YOUR BIOGAS
42 Unison Solutions Contact Information Jan Scott and Dave Broihahn
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