Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
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1 Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons 1. Neutral Atom of Hydrogen 1p + Atomic Number = 1 Atomic Mass = 1 (rounded) Number of protons = 1 Number of neutrons = 0 Number of electrons = 1 Number of Energy Levels = 1 No 2. Neutral Atom of Helium Atomic Number = 2 Atomic Mass = 4 (rounded) 2p + 2n 0 Number of protons = 2 Number of neutrons = 2 Number of electrons = 2 Number of Energy Levels = 1 Yes 3. Neutral Atom of Lithium 3p + 4n 0 Atomic Number = 3 Atomic Mass = 7 (rounded) Number of protons = 3 Number of neutrons = 4 Number of electrons = 3 Number of Energy Levels = 2 No 4. Neutral Atom of Beryllium 4p + 5n 0 Atomic Number = 4 Atomic Mass = 9 (rounded) Number of protons = 4 Number of neutrons = 5 Number of electrons = 4 Number of Energy Levels = 3 No 1
2 Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons, continued 5. Neutral Atom of Boron 6. Neutral Atom of Carbon 7. Neutral Atom of Nitrogen 8. Neutral Atom of Oxygen 2
3 Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons, continued 9. Neutral Atom of Fluorine 10. Neutral Atom of Neon 11. Neutral Atom of Sodium 12. Neutral Atom of Magnesium 3
4 Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons, continued 13. Neutral Atom of Aluminum 14. Neutral Atom of Silicon 15. Neutral Atom of Phosphorus 16. Neutral Atom of Sulfur 4
5 Part I: Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons, continued 17. Neutral Atom of Chlorine 18. Neutral Atom of Argon 5
6 Part II: Valence Electrons and Reactivity Use your completed diagrams from Part I and information about valence electrons and reactivity from Part II of your Student Guide to complete the chart below. Hydrogen is a special case and has been completed for you. Helium and Lithium have been completed as examples. Neutral Atom Number of valence electrons (refer to diagrams of Part I) Place a in the column that best describes the reactivity of the elements valence shell based on Part II of the Student Guide Tend to lose 1, 2, or 3 electrons to other atoms Tend to gain 1, 2, or 3 electrons from other atoms Tend to share electrons Not reactive, valence shell is full 1. Hydrogen 1 2. Helium 2 3. Lithium 1 4. Beryllium 5. Boron 6. Carbon 7. Nitrogen 8. Oxygen 9. Fluorine 10. Neon 11. Sodium 12. Magnesium 13. Aluminum 14. Silicon 15. Phosphorus 16. Sulfur 17. Chlorine 18. Argon Answer the questions on the next page based on the completed chart. 6
7 Part II, Valence Electrons and Reactivity, continued Refer to the chart on the previous page and your diagrams to answer these questions. 1. Will helium, neon, or argon atoms react with other atoms? Why or why not? 2. Use the chart to explain why the atoms of carbon and silicon differ from the other atoms listed. 3. If two electrons are removed from beryllium during a reaction, which energy level becomes the valence shell? 4. If one electron is removed from sodium during a reaction, which energy level becomes the valence shell? 5. Does it make sense that a chlorine atom would accept two electrons? Why or why not? 6. A neutral hydrogen atom is a special case as it can accept, remove, OR share electrons during reactions with other atoms. If the electron is removed from hydrogen, the remaining positive proton number in the atom is and remaining negative electron number is. Do you think this atom is still neutral? Why or why not? 7. Describe the reactivity of atoms of the following elements. Use the words reactive (or reactivity), valence shell, lose electrons, gain electrons, and share electrons in your sentences when they can be used for each of the elements. Hydrogen: Neon: Carbon: Fluorine: Sodium: 7
8 Part III: Identifying Elements Mystery Atoms 1. Identify the name of the element based on the clue provided. Use the Periodic Table to determine the name of each atom. Clue: This element is made from atoms with 6 neutrons Mystery Atoms Predicted identity Actual identity (teacher provided) 47 protons 10 neutrons 92 protons 14 neutrons 18 protons 2. Is it better to use the number of protons or the number of neutrons to determine what type of element an atom represents? Explain. 8
9 Reflections and Conclusions 1. The number of can be used to identify an element. 2. How can the number of electrons be predicted in a neutral atom? 3. What are valence electrons? 4. How are valence electrons used to determine an atom s reactivity? 5. What is the Octet Rule? 9
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