Biology 152 Tissues Objectives

Transcription

1 Biology 152 Tissues Objectives Your job in this assignment is to learn 19 tissues that were selected by the Nursing and Allied Health professionals as the most important ones for members of those fields to know. For each assigned tissue, you will want to know: 1) a proper Location for the tissue, and 2) a proper Function for the tissue. Proper is defined as anything that makes that tissue unique from the others! Lastly, I will point out from the tissue by pointing at items on slides during the Practical, so you will want to familiarize yourself with proper definition and locations for those words. To practice, I suggest making study cards (or study sheets) and also to use my online Histology Tutorial (linked on your syllabus or at the bottom of the BIO 152 Homepage). Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue (along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue). Epithelial tissues line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body, and also form many glands. Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, selective absorption, protection, transcellular transport, and detection of sensation. In Greek, "Epi" means, "on, upon," and "Theli" means "tissue." Connective Tissue is a fibrous tissue. It is one of the four traditional classes of tissues (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue). Connective Tissue (CT) is found throughout the body. It has 3 main components: cells, fibers (reticular fibers, collagen, and elastin), and extracellular. Connective tissue makes up a variety of physical structures including: tendons, blood, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and lymphatic tissue. CT is classified into four subtypes: Proper CT, Cartilage CT, Osseous CT, and Vascular CT. The Proper CT subtype is subdivided into dense regular fibrous CT and loose fibrous CT types. Muscular Tissue (from Latin musculus; diminutive of mus "mouse") is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the embryonic mesodermal layer (along with the skeletal system). Muscle cells contain contractile filaments that move past each other and change the size of the cell. They are classified as skeletal, cardiac, or smooth muscles. Their function is to produce force and cause motion. Muscles can cause either locomotion of the organism itself or movement of internal organs. Cardiac and smooth muscle contraction occurs without conscious thought and is necessary for survival. Examples are the contraction of the heart and peristalsis which pushes food through the digestive system. Voluntary contraction of the skeletal muscles is used to move the body and can be finely controlled. Examples are movements of the eye, or gross movements like the quadriceps muscle of the thigh. Nervous Tissue is a specialized tissue designed for sensory input, integration, control of muscles and glands, homeostasis, and mental activity. It is the main component of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and nerves) that regulates and controls body functions. It is composed of neurons (which transmit impulses called Action Potentials) and the neuroglial cells (which assist propagation of the nerve impulse, repair damage to neurons, and provide nutrients to the neuron). Neurons receive stimuli using dendrites and then move an impulse down an axon to either a muscle or a gland.

2 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium cuboidal cell Simple Columnar Epithelium cilia columnar cell goblet cell

3 Simple Squamous Epithelium squamous cell Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium keratin keratinocyte melanin melanocyte squamous cell

4 Stratified Squamous Nonkeratinized Epithelium squamous cell Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium cilia columnar cell goblet cell

5 Transitional Epithelium cuboidal cell squamous cell Adipose Connective Tissue adipocyte lipids

6 Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue collagen fibers elastic fibers fibroblast reticular fibers Dense Regular Fibrous Connective Tissue collagen fibers fibroblast

7 Elastic Cartilage (Connective Tissue) chondrocyte elastin fibers lacuna Fibrocartilage (Connective Tissue) chondrocyte collagen fibers lacuna

8 Hyaline Cartilage (Connective Tissue) chondrocyte reticular fibers Osseous Connective Tissue canaliculi Haversian (Central) Canal lacuna lamella osteocyte

9 Vascular (Blood) Connective Tissue erythrocyte leukocyte plasma thrombocyte Cardiac Muscle Tissue intercalated discs involuntary control striated

10 Skeletal Muscle Tissue striated voluntary control Smooth Muscle Tissue involuntary control nonstriated

11 Nervous Tissue axon (a process) dendrite (a process) neuroglial cell neuron On the practical itself, you will be given the following format: Part 1: Write the correct term for the identified item and then write a definition: Term Definition 1) 2) Part 2: Please provide a function and location for these tissues: Tissue Proper Function Proper Location Adipose Areolar (loose fibrous)