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2 Plate Boundaries Imagine a single plate, moving in one direction on Earth s surface. One edge of the plate the divergent boundary moves away from things. The opposite edge called the leading edge or convergent boundary bumps into anything in the way.

3 Plate Boundaries An edge of a lithospheric plate that slides by another plate is called a transform fault boundary.

4 Plate Boundaries

5 Plate Boundaries Divergent boundaries are found in the ocean as midocean ridges. A divergent boundary is the line between two plates where they are moving apart. This type of boundary is found over the rising plume of a mantle convection cell. Divergent boundaries can also be found on continents as rift valleys. When a rift valley forms on land, it may eventually split the landmass.

6 Divergent Boundaries

7 Convergent Boundaries When oceanic plates collide, one subducts under the other. This forms a valley in the ocean floor called a trench.

8 Convergent Boundaries There are three styles of convergent plate boundaries Continent-continent collision Continent-oceanic crust collision Ocean-ocean collision Continent-oceanic Ocean-ocean collision itutor All Rights Reserved Continent-continent

9 Convergent Boundaries Ocean-ocean collision

10 Convergent Boundaries The oceanic plate must subduct under the continental plate. A continental plate is simply too buoyant to subduct under an oceanic plate.

11 Collision of Nazca and south American Plates Continentoceanic crust collision

12 Mountains And Convergent Boundaries The continents cannot be sucked into the trench because their granite rocks. The two continents collide! Mountain ranges are formed when continents collide.

13 Formation of Himalayas India used to be an island, but about 15 million years ago it crashed into Asia (see map). As continental crust was pushing against continental crust the Himalayan mountain belt was pushed up. Mountains were also pushed down into the mantle as the normally 35 km thick crust is approximately 70 km thick in this region. Mt Everest is the highest altitude mountain on our planet standing 8,840 meters high. This means that below the surface at the foot of the mountain the crust is a further 61 km deep!!

14 Transform Boundaries Where plates slide past each other The third type of boundary are transform boundaries, along which plates slide past each other. The San Andreas fault, adjacent to which the US city of San Francisco is built is an example of a transform boundary between the Pacific plate and the North American plate. itutor All Rights Reserved

15 Transform Fault Boundaries A good clue for locating transform faults is offsetting. When seen from above, the feature will appear to make a zig zag.

16 Slickenslides, evidence of plate The effect of rock moving against rock is evidence of plate boundaries. boundaries The rock surface moving to the right is called slickensides because it is smooth and polished.

17

18 What are Hotspot Volcanoes? Hot mantle plumes breaching the surface in the middle of a tectonic plate The Hawaiian island chain are examples of hotspot volcanoes.

19 Where do earthquakes form? Figure showing the tectonic setting of earthquakes

20 Call us for more Information: Visit The End

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