This module will focus on various types of materials, their properties and their forms.

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1 THE MAINSTAY OF THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS Focus Materials are an important part of our everyday lives. We are surrounded by a great number of materials and each material is used for a great number of purposes. Those purposes increase as technology advances and new products are introduced. Yet we don t often think of the materials we encounter or of how they came about. We recognize that some materials are not changed from the way they appear in nature. Others undergo such dramatic change that they are not commonly associated with the raw materials that were their beginning. We take their processed - or manufactured - form for granted. All materials, however, are composed of one or more basic elements. The elements of a material are arranged in a specific molecular structure and it is this structure that gives each material its identifiable characteristics or properties. This module will focus on various types of materials, their properties and their forms. Think About It Think of a common raw material, one that has not undergone change. Describe some of the uses of that raw material. If you can, tell some of the properties of the raw material you are describing. 8HFCC MODULE 2-1

2 Now think of some ways that raw material has undergone change through manufacturing. What are some of the additional uses for the material in its manufactured or processed form? How has technology increased the use of the raw material you described? Session Activities/Outcomes During this session, you will: 1. Learn the difference between organic and inorganic materials. 2. Learn the difference between engineering materials and non-engineering materials. 3. Learn the difference between natural and synthetic materials. 4. Learn the seven most common properties of materials. 8HFCC MODULE 2-2

3 Presentation Outline Primary classifications - Solids - Liquids - Gases Types of materials - Organic - Inorganic Non-engineering materials Engineering materials - Metals - Polymers - Ceramics - Composites Metals - Classifications - Structure Polymers - Classifications - Structure - Natural polymers - Synthetic polymers - Thermoplastic polymers - Thermoset polymers - Elastomer polymers Ceramics 8HFCC MODULE 2-3

4 - Structure Properties of materials - Physical - Mechanical - Chemical - Thermal - Electrical and magnetic - Optical - Acoustical Write About It 1. What are the three main types of engineering materials? 2. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic materials. 3. Briefly describe the difference between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. 8HFCC MODULE 2-4

5 4. List the seven basic properties of materials in general. 8HFCC MODULE 2-5

6 Key Terms Alloy Organic Inorganic Synthetic Elastomer Porosity Stress Strain Ductility Conductivity Math Moments Challenge yourself to answer these math problems related to Industrial Materials: 1. There are 25,000 different iron-carbon alloy steels produced. If there are 37,500 other alloyed metals produced, what is the total number of alloys? 8HFCC MODULE 2-6

7 2. A ceramic/metal composite contains 73% ceramic material by weight. If a total production consists of 3,975 pounds, what is the weight of the metal used in the composite? (Round to the nearest whole pound.) 3. A 1040 plain carbon steel contains about.40 percent carbon. How much carbon would be found in a 4140 alloy steel? 8HFCC MODULE 2-7

8 4. Using the formula S = F/A (where S is stress in pounds per square inch, F is the force or load in pounds, and A is the cross-sectional area), calculate the stress of a 2 inch square steel bar supporting a 2000 pound load. 8HFCC MODULE 2-8

9 8HFCC MODULE 2-9

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