Facts about German foreign trade in 2012*

Transcription

1 Facts about German foreign trade in 2012* Foreign trade figures in 2012 Exports Imports Net foreign demand Total Goods Services Total Goods Services Total memorandum items billion EUR In relation to EU Member States In relation to third countries Year-on-year change in percent in billion EUR In % of gross domestic product Source: Federal Statistical Office In 2012, Germany held on to its position as the world s third largest exporter (behind China, USA), and third largest importer (behind USA, China). Germany s share of world trade (exports and imports in USD) fell in 2012 to 7.7 % (2011: 8.2 %). The USA s world trade shares were 11.7 % (2011: 11.2 %) and China s settled at 11.6 % (2011: 10.9 %). The export ratio (i. e. the proportion of GDP accounted for by exports) stood at 51.1 % in 2012 and the import ratio at 45.8 %. The degree of openness (yard-stick: imports plus exports in relation to GDP) rose to 97.3 % (2011: 95.3 %). This makes Germany the most open economy of all G7 countries. Trade surplus amounted to 5.7 % in relation to GDP. Net foreign demand made a significant contribution to gross domestic product (GDP +0.7 %; net foreign demand +1.0 percentage points). The main trading partners continued to be the European countries, which received 69 % of German exports and from which 70 % of German imports originated. Trade with other EU countries (trade in goods within the EU) accounted for 52.9 % of exports and for 56.1 % of imports. The shares of trade with the eurozone totalled 37.5 % of exports (shares: F 9.5 %; NL 6.5 %; AUT 5.3 %) and 37.6 % of imports (shares: NL 9.5 %; F 7.1 %; IT 5.4 %). The leading sales markets for German goods outside the EU were the USA (7.9 %), China (6.1 %) and Switzerland (4.4 %). The leading suppliers from outside the EU were China (8.5 %), USA (5.6 %) and Russia (4.7 %). The proportion of goods in total exports (goods and services) stood at 85.4 % and at 81.6 % in all imports. In 2012, the current account, comprising the balance of trade, of services and of income and assets, and current transfers, posted a surplus of 6.3% of GDP. * As of 15 March 2013

2 Vehicles and vehicle parts (17.3 %), machinery (14.9 %), chemical products (9.5 %) and computer/ electrical equipment (7.8 %) accounted for the largest shares of exports. The main imported goods were oil and gas (10.7 %), computer/electrical equipment (9.6 %), cars and car parts (8.8 %) and chemical products (7.9%). Germany recorded a trade surplus in the trade of goods of billion (up 20.5 billion from 2011). A total of billion (- 6.7 billion) was with other EU countries, of which 69.3 billion ( billion) was with the eurozone countries. Exports to the EU worth billion (of which billion went to the eurozone countries) contrasted with imports worth ( 342.3) billion. This means that just under two thirds (61.4 %) of the total German trade surplus is due to the export surplus in relation to the other 26 EU countries; a third of this surplus (36.7 %) to the rest of the eurozone. Trade surplus was thus distributed more evenly across the regions compared to the previous years. Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in relation to France ( 39.7 billion or 21.1 %), the USA ( 36.3 billion or 19.3 %), Britain ( 28.6 billion or 15.2 %) and Austria ( 20.4 billion or 11.0 %). Germany s highest deficits in the trade of goods were with Norway ( billion or 9.4 %), the Netherlands ( billion or 8.3 %), the People s Republic of China ( billion or 5.7 %), and Ireland (- 5.4 billion or 2.8 %). As in previous years, Germany ran a surplus on trade in goods and a deficit on trade in services of 23.7 billion (2010: 23.1 billion). Almost one quarter of jobs (24 %) depends directly or indirectly on exports (1995: 15 %). In the industrial sector, the ratio was almost one in two jobs (55 %), but in the services sector only one in seven (15 %). 1 More than a third of domestic demand is covered by imports (import penetration rate of 34 %; 1991: below 20 %). In the case of exports, the share of imported upstream products is actually significantly higher, at 42 % (1995: 29.7 %). 1 According to the last available input-output calculation from September 2007.

3 Exports and imports in current prices Year Exports Imports Net exports Total Goods Services Total Goods Services total memorandum items Billion EUR vis-à-vis EU member states vis-à-vis third countries Year-on-year change in billion EUR

4 Year Exports Imports Net exports Total Goods Services Total Goods Services total memorandum items vis-à-vis EU member states vis-à-vis third countries In % of gross domestic product Source: Federal Statistical Office

5 Ranking of the 10 lagest trade nations in 2012 Exports Imports Ranking Country bln. USD Ranking Country bln. USD 1 PR China USA USA PR China Germany Germany Japan Japan Netherlands United Kingdom France France South Korea Netherlands Russia South Korea Italy India United Kingdom Italy memorandum item: memorandum item: EU EU thereof: EU-Extra Trade thereof: EU-Extra Trade EU-Intra Trade EU-Intra Trade Source: WTO Figure 1: s of world trade (goods) Exports and imports in USD USA in percent 10 8 China Germany 6 Japan 4 2 Italy Britain France India Brazil Source: WTO; own calculations

6 Figure 2: Gross domestic product and contributions to growth in percentage points Net foreign demand Domestic use Gross domestic product In the last 10 years, around half of GDP growth in Germany came from foreign net demand (exports minus imports). Figure 3: Germanys net trade by Regions in billion Net trade vis-à-vis EU-27 Net trade vis-à-vis Euro Area Net trade ROW Net Trade The German trade surplus has declined in recent years in relation to the EU-27 and the eurozone. It has risen in relation to third countries (outside the EU).

7 Figure 4: Degree of openness Exports plus imports in relation to GDP in in percent figures Belgium Austria Denmark Netherlands Germany Switzerland EU-27 United Kingdom Canada Italy China 1 France India 1 Russia 1 USA Japan Brazil Source: AMECO database; World Bank Figure 5: Exports and imported upstreams goods as share of GDP as share of GDP Belgium Netherlands Switzerland of upstream goods Austria Denmark Germany United Kingdom Canada Russia China Italy France India Japan USA Brazil Source: OECD; own calculations; data for year 2009 Imported upstream products make up a significant proportion of exports in many countries, especially in smaller countires.

8 Figure 6: Imports and exports in 2012 according to groups of countries Exports Total: 1,097.3 Mrd. Euro Imports Total: Mrd. Euro Asia 16.3 % Australia/Oceania 1.0 % Asia 18.3 % Australia/Oceania 0.4 % America 11.7 % America 8.8 % Africa 2.0 % Africa 2.6 % Europe excl. EU 11.9 % Europe excl. EU 13.8 % Euro area 37.5 % Euro area 37.6 % EU excl. Euro area 19.5 % EU excl. Euro area 18.5 % Figure 7: Changes in German export and import shares Change between 2011 and 2012 North America Asia Middle East and North Africa 3 Central and South America Emerging economics in South East Asia 2 BRICS Countries Australia and Oceania EU-27 countries excl. Euro area Central and Eastern Europe 1 Euro area of world markets 2012 exports 8.7 % imports 6.0 % exports 16.3 % imports 18.3 % exports 3.3 % imports 1.7 % exports 3.0 % imports 2.7 % exports 4.1 % imports 4.1 % exports 12.4 % imports 15.7 % exports 1.0 % imports 0.4 % exports 19.5 % imports 18.5 % exports 9.1 % imports 8.9 % exports 37.5 % imports 37.6 % in percentage points Exports Imports 1 Albania, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Turkey 2 Brunei Darussalam, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand 3 Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunesia, UAE, Yemen

9 Figure 8: The 10 countries with the greatest change in German export shares Change between 2011 and 2012 USA Export shares % UK Russia UAE Japan Austria Poland Belgium Spain Italy 6.6 % 3.5 % 0.9 % 1.6 % 5.3 % 3.8 % 4.1 % 2.8 % 5.1 % in percentage points Figure 9: The 10 countries with the greatest change in German import shares Change between 2011 and 2012 Import shares 2012 Norway 2.9 % Netherlands Libya USA Slowakia UK France Japan Ireland PR China 9.5 % 0.6 % 5.6 % 1.3 % 4.8 % 7.1 % 2.4 % 1.1 % 8.5- % in percentage points

10 Figure 10: Imports/exports in 2012 according to groups of goods Exports Total: 1,097.3 billion Imports Total: billion Consumer Goods and Durables 15.9 % Energy 2.6 % Consumer Goods and Durables 18.1 % Other Goods 5.7 % Energy 14.7 % Other Goods 7.7 % Capital Goods 27.5 % Capital Goods 44.1 % Agricultural Goods 0.8 % Intermediate Goods 30.9 % Agricultural Goods 3.1 % Intermediate Goods 28.8 % Figure 11: Exports of the 10 most important groups of goods in 2012 Vehicles and vehicle parts Machines Chemical products Comp./electr. and optical equipment Electr. Equipment Metals Pharmaceutical and other products Other vehicles Food and fodder Rubber and plastic goods in total goods exports 17.3 % 14.9 % 9.5 % 7.8 % 6.0 % 5.3 % 5.0 % 4.6 % 4.1 % 3.5 % in billion

11 Figure 12: Imports of the 10 most important groups of goods in 2012 in total goods imports Oil and gas 10.7 % Comp./electr. and optical equipment Vehicles and vehicle parts Chemical products Machines Metals Electr. Equipment Food and fodder Pharmaceutical and other products Other vehicles 9.6 % 8.8 % 7.9 % 7.5 % 6.0 % 4.8 % 4.2 % 4.2 % 3.7 % in billion

12 Germanyʼs foreign trade partners ranked according to importance (Year 2012) Pos. Exports Pos. Imports Pos. Turnover Pos. Foreign trade balance (surplus) Pos. Foreign trade balance (deficit) 1 France Netherlands France France Norway USA PR of China Netherlands USA Netherlands United Kingdom France PR of China United Kingdom PR of China Netherlands USA USA Austria Ireland PR of China Italy United Kingdom Switzerland Libya Austria United Kingdom Italy United Arab Emirates Japan Italy Russian Federation Austria Spain Russian Federation Switzerland Belgium Switzerland Poland Nigeria Belgium Switzerland Belgium Turkey Vietnam Poland Austria Russian Federation Sweden Bangladesh Russian Federation Poland Poland Italy Hungary Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan Spain Norway Spain Australia Slovakia Sweden Spain Japan Belgium Czech Republic Turkey Japan Sweden South Korea Cote DʼIvoire Japan Hungary Hungary Mexico Indonesia Hungary Sweden Norway Canada Philippines Denmark Slovakia Turkey Hong Kong Taiwan South Korea Turkey Denmark Ukraine Slovenia Brazil Denmark Slovakia South Africa Azerbaijan Slovakia Brazil Brazil Denmark Cambodia India Ireland South Korea India Peru United Arab Emirates Romania Romania Luxembourg Malaysia Australia South Korea India Greece Macedonia Romania India Ireland Iran Papua New Guinea Mexico Taiwan Finland Israel Honduras Canada Finland South Africa Finland Costa Rica South Africa Libya Canada Belarus Iceland

13 Pos. Exports Pos. Imports Pos. Turnover Pos. Foreign trade balance (surplus) Pos. Foreign trade balance (deficit) 29 Norway Malaysia Mexico Singapore Sri Lanka Saudi Arabia Vietnam Australia Croatia Paraguay Finland Singapore Taiwan Portugal Pakistan Singapore South Africa Singapore Egypt Cayman Islands Portugal Portugal Portugal Estonia Madagascar Hong Kong Slovenia United Arab Emirates Brazil Tunisia Taiwan Nigeria Malaysia Kuwait Mozambique Luxembourg Canada Saudi Arabia Chile Malawi Ukraine Mexico Luxembourg Jordan Guinea Malaysia Thailand Slovenia Morocco Gabon Greece Kazakhstan Thailand Lebanon Equatorial Guinea Ireland Indonesia Hong Kong Oman Ethiopia Thailand Bangladesh Ukraine Argentina Ecuador Slovenia Australia Indonesia Iraq Swaziland Israel Luxembourg Vietnam Latvia Nepal Indonesia Philippines Greece Lithuania Greenland Bulgaria Bulgaria Libya Serbia Malta Argentina Argentina Kazakhstan Bulgaria Nicaragua Egypt Greece Nigeria Cyprus Solomon Islands Chile Algeria Israel Qatar East Timor Islam. Rep. of Iran Lithuania Bulgaria New Zealand Republic of the Congo Lithuania Saudi Arabia Argentina Romania Vatican City State Source: Federal Statistical Office