Australian Children and Social Networking. Lesley-anne Ey University of South Australia

Transcription

1 Australian Children and Social Networking Lesley-anne Ey University of South Australia

2 Social media refers to online services designed as platforms for communities of people who share interests (ACMA 2009, p. 8) In the past platforms included MSN and other chat rooms Modern platforms include; Facebook, Myspace, Instagram, Tumbler, Flicker, Snapchat, Tinder, Twitter, Webkinz, Club Penguin, Kidzworld, Digital Games.

3 Facebook 2004 Twitter 2010 Snapchat 2011 Linkedin 2003 Club Penguin 2005 Tumblr 2006 Instagram 2010 Flickr ,310,000,000 (Statistic Brain 2013) 978,200,000 (Twitter 2014) 350,000,000 (Colao 2013) 277,000,000 (Linkedin 2014) 200,000,000 (Wikipedia 2014) 164,200,000 (Wikipedia 2014) 150,000,000 (Rusli 2013) 87,000,000 (Flickr 2014) Site Users and photos sent

4 Home and public computers Mobile Phone Online Gaming: xbox, play station Tablets: ipod Touch, ipads (ACMA 2009; ACMA 2011; Mark & Ratliffe 2011)

5 In 1996, all Australian families owned a television (100%), the majority owned a CD player, cassette player or a radio (96%), a video player (93%), a computer (59%) and a TV linked game appliance (58%) (Cupit & Stockbridge 1996). Mobile phones and Internet technologies were rare in the 1990s.

6 94% families with an income above 35,000 have personal computers and internet connection 75% families have gaming devices, Mp3s and ipods (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2007) 29% children aged 5 to 14 years had a mobile phone (818,500); 2% of 5-8 year old children 22% of 9-11 year olds 73% of 12 to 14 year olds (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012)

7 8-9 year old children year old children year old children year old children year old children Age of Children 37% 64% 80% 94% 97% % using social networking (ACMA 2009)

8 Children as young as 8 years old are falsifying their birthdates to access social networking sites, such as Facebook, which have an age constraint of 13+ years (ACMA 2009; ACMA 2011; Bauman & Tatum 2009; Livingstone, Haddon, Gorzig & Olafsson 2011; Mark & Ratliffe 2011; Monks, Robinson & Worlidge 2012; Weeden, Cooke & McVey 2013)

9 Keep in touch with loved ones, skypeing (ACMA 2011) Connect with peers; school friends and friends who live far away (ACMA 2009; ACMA 2011; Livingstone & Brake 2010) Self-expression (Livingstone & Brake 2010) Share experiences (Livingstone & Brake 2010) Explore self- and social-identity (ACMA 2011; Livingstone & Brake 2010) Share advice and support peers (Livingstone & Brake 2010)

10 Cyberbullying is an effective way of bullying: anonymity; broader audience; power of written and visual media; snowballing effect (Campbell, Slee, Spears, Butler & Kift 2013; Siegle 2010) Often leads to: ongoing bullying in children s schools (ACMA 2011; Cross, Shaw, Hearn, Epstein, Monks, Lester & Thomas 2009; Weeden, Cooke & McVey 2013) social isolation (Cross, Shaw, Hearn, Epstein, Monks, Lester & Thomas 2009) mental instability (Price, Chin, Higa-McMillan, Kim & French 2013; Hinduja & Patchin 2010) and suicide (Hinduja & Patchin 2010)

11 Online Bullying Prevalence for Australian Children 1% 8-9 year olds 10% year olds 16% year olds 17% year olds 19% year olds; 63% total (ACMA 2009) 39% year olds (Cross, Shaw, Hearn, Epstein, Monks, Lester & Thomas 2009) 36% 8-17 year olds (Cross-Tab Marketing Services & Telecommunications Research Group 2014)

12 Strangers/predators/paedophiles (ACMA 2009), Sharing private information (ACMA 2009; ACMA 2011) Sending and receiving sexual messages (Livingstone, Haddon, Gorzig & Olafsson 2011; Siegle 2010) Impersonation (Siegle 2010) Stalking (ACMA 2011) Digital Footprint (ACMA 2011) Posts can go viral (ACMA 2011)

13 Checking in (ACMA 2011) Meeting internet friends in the real world (ACMA 2009) 11% of children aged 9-16 years were sexually assaulted by someone they met with face-to-face (Livingstone, Haddon, Gorzig & Olafsson 2011)

14 Children have greater freedom to access social media, influenced mainly by the increase of media platforms. Although social networking has beneficial uses for children and young people, it may also be harmful if children are not educated to engage with it respectfully and consciously.

15 Formal education through schools The internet is global The internet is instantaneous Text, images and video uploads can be copied and/or shared Netiquette Identifying risks or feelings of discomfort Safe internet use safe searching legitimate sites legitimate offers private information safe passwords - digital footprint (cookies) etc Telling a trusted person or reporting

16 For parents/caregivers Be aware of social networking platforms Become their social network friend (negotiated rules) Seek their knowledge (you can learn a lot from your children) Speak with your children about the positives and negatives Be approachable, protective but not over-protective Become familiar with reporting processes

17 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2012, Children s participation in cultural and leisure activities, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2007, Media and communications in Australian families 2007: Report of the media and society research project, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Australian Communications and Media Authority 2009, Click and connect: Young Australians use of online social media, Australian Communications and Media Authority, Melbourne. Australian Communications and Media Authority 2011, Like, post, share: Young Australian s experience of social media, Australian Communications and Media Authority, Melbourne. Bauman, S & Tatum, T 2009, Web sites for young children: Gateway to online social networking? Professional School Counselling, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-7.

18 Campbell, M, Slee, P, Spears, B Butler, D & Kift, S 2013, Do cyberbullies suffer too? Cyberbullies perceptions of the harm they cause to others and to their own mental health, School Psychology International, pp. 1-17, DOI: / Colao, J 2013, Is snapchat raising another round at $3.5 billion valuation?, Forbes, (25 October 2013), viewed 8 April 2014 at Cross, D, Shaw, T, Hearn, L, Epstein, M, Monks, M, Lester, L & Thomas, L 2009, Australian covert bullying prevalence study (ACBPS), Child Health Promotion Research Centre, Edith Cowan University, Perth. Cross-Tab Marketing Services & Telecommunications Research Group 2014, Online bullying among youth 8-17 years old Australia, Microsoft, viewed 9 April 2014 at 3&ved=0CDQQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2 FE%2F8%2F4%2FE84BEEAB-7B92-4CF8-B5C7-7CC20D92B4F9%2FWW%2520Online%2520Bullying%2520Survey%2520- %2520Executive%2520Summary%2520-%2520Australia_Final.pdf&ei=k5ZEU4- SGcb4rQecnIHABQ&usg=AFQjCNEYqwcU_N0gzLmupwuAEDd9vMStyg

19 Cupitt, M & Stockbridge, S 1996, Families and electronic entertainment, Australian Broadcasting Authority & Office of Film and Literature Classification, Trans, pp Flickr, 2014 Official Flickr app for android (24 July 2013), viewed 8 April 2014 at lickr Hinduja, S & Patchin, J 2010, Bullying, cyberbullying and suicide, Archives of Suicide Research, vol. 14, pp Linkedin 2014 About Linkedin, viewed 8 April at Livingstone, S & Brake, D 2010, On the rapid rise of social networking sites: New findings and policy implications, Children & Society, vol. 24, pp Livingstone, S, Haddon, L, Gorzig, A & Olafsson, K 2011, Risks and safety on the internet: The perspectives of European children, Full findings and policy implications, The London School of Economical and Political Science, London.

20 Mark, L & Ratliffe, K 2011, Cyber worlds: New playgrounds for bullying, Computers in the Schools: Interdisciplinary Journal of Practice, Theory, and Applied Research, vol. 28, no. 2, pp Monks, C, Robinson, S & Worlidge, P 2012, The emergence of cyberbullying: A survey of primary school pupils perceptions and experiences, School Psychology International, vol. 33, no. 5, pp Rusli, EM 2013 Instagram pictures itself making money: Leading the charge to woo advertisers Is Facebook Veteran Emily White Daily Telegraph (8 Sept 2013), viewed 8 April 2014 at Siegle, D 2010, Cyberbullying and sexting: Technology abuses of the 21 st century, Technology, vol. 32, no. 2, Statistic Brain 2013, Facebook statistics Statistic Brain, (1 January 2014) viewed 8 April 2014 at

21 Twitter 2014 Twitter activity monitor Twocharts.com, April 2014, Viewed 8 April 2014 at Weeden, S, Cooke, B & McVey M 2013, Underage children and social networking, Journal of Research on Technology in Education, vol. 45, no. 3, pp Whittaker, Z 2012 Facebook hits 1 billion active user milestone, CNET (4 October 2012), viewed 8 April 2014 at billion-active-user-milestone/ Wikipedia 2014 Tumblr, viewed 8 April 2014 at Wikipedia 2014, Club penguin, viewed 8 April at Ybarra, M, Mitchell, K & Korchmaros, J 2011, National trends in exposure to and experiences of violence on the internet among children, Paediatrics, vol. 128, no. 6, pp

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