The Protestant Reformation

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1 Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Main Idea The Protestant Reformation Criticism of the Roman Catholic Church led to a religious movement called the Protestant Reformation and brought changes in religion and politics across Europe. Content Statement 5: Describe how the Scientific Revolution s impact on religious, political, and cultural institutions challenged how people viewed the world.

2 Renaissance and Reformation Ch 1-3 vocabulary Section 3 Protestant Reformation indulgences Martin Luther Theocracy John Calvin Predestination Henry VIII annulled Elizabeth I

3 Renaissance and Reformation Ch 1-3 vocabulary Section 3 Protestant Reformation: a religious movement in the 1500s that split the Christian church in western Europe and led to the establishment of a number of new Churches. Indulgences: pardons issued by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church that could reduce a soul s time in purgatory. Martin Luther: ( ) German monk whose protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 led to calls for reform and to the movement known as the Reformation. Theocracy: a government ruled by religious leaders who claim God s authority. John Calvin: ( ) French Protestant theologian of the Reformation; founded Calvinism, which was associated with the doctrine of predestination.

4 Renaissance and Reformation Ch 1-3 vocabulary Section 3 Predestination: the belief that at the beginning of time God decided who would gain salvation. Henry VIII: ( ) King of England from ; his desire to annul his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England s break with the Roman Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in annulled: declared invalid based on church laws. Elizabeth I: ( ) Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; a skillful politician and diplomat, she reasserted Protestant supremacy in England.

5 Renaissance 1) Catholicism and in Reformation the 1400s/Dissatisfaction with Section the Church 3 Some people felt church straying from spiritual roots $$$$$ Concerns crystallized into the Protestant Reformation Dissatisfaction Financing Basilica Working Off Sins Financial corruption, abuse of power, immorality People s respect for priests, monks, popes weakened Heavy taxation also caused discontent. Taxes used to finance Renaissance art projects Pope Leo X approved sale of indulgences Needed money for St. Peter s Basilica built early 1500 s. Indulgences, pardons reduced a soul s time in purgatory Catholics believed dead went to purgatory, worked off sins committed Sale of indulgences widely criticized Government separate from the church: people start to consider themselves citizens of a state or country first rather than a member of the church.

6 Renaissance and Reformation St. Peter s Basilica Section 3

7 2) Early Reformers Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 John Wycliffe Jan Hus Believed church should give up earthly possessions His views unpopular with church officials Was removed from teaching position Mid to late 1300 s. From Bohemia, Jan Hus preached against immorality and worldliness of Catholic Church Excommunicated by Pope Gregory XII in Later arrested, tried for heresy and burned at stake These influential theologians openly criticized church

8 3) Martin Luther/The Ninety-Five Thesis Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Martin Luther s public criticism of the church in 1517 marks the symbolical beginning of the Protestant Reformation. The Ninety-Five Theses Stimulated Discussion Martin Luther believed selling indulgences sinful In theses, said indulgences had no power to remit sin Criticized power of pope, wealth of church Theses written in Latin, intended for church leaders, not common people Nailing theses to church door common practice; doors used like community bulletin boards Theses stimulated discussion among university intellectuals *printing press Published, distributed across Europe, widely read by intellectuals, clergy, laypeople Desire for reform grew

9 4) Renaissance Luther s Message and Reformation Section 3 Contradicted basic Catholic beliefs insisted God s grace cannot be won by good works; faith alone needed 1519, declared only head of Christian Church was Jesus, not pope Empowered the People Insisted that individual Christians should be own interpreters of scripture, Christian practices should come only from Bible To aid this process, Luther translated Bible into German Translation allowed more people to read Bible without aid of clergy

10 Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Church s Response 1520, Pope Leo X expelled Luther from the Church 1521, Luther summoned to appear before Holy Roman emperor Charles V 5) Reactions to Luther German Diet Luther appeared before emperor, German Diet, or assembly, at city of Worms Refused to change opinions Edict of Worms 1521 Emperor handed down Edict of Worms Declared Luther to be outlaw, condemned his writings Luther s ideas spread Protestant 1529, Charles V tried to suppress Lutherans in Germany German princes issued protestatio, protest, against this suppression. Term Protestant came from this

11 6) The Spread of Protestantism Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Luther s stand against the church opened the door for others Differing ideas on religious matters put forth. New religious movements began in Switzerland and in Europe. 6)Ulrich Zwingli Many ideas viewed as radical His church based on theocracy, government in which church, state joined officials divinely inspired Opposed by Luther Luther accused Zwingli of tampering with word of God Without Lutherans support, Swiss Protestants vulnerable to attack by Catholics When the disagreement between Swiss Protestants and Catholics erupted into war, Zwingli was a casualty. He died in battle in 1531.

12 7) John Calvin Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Background John Calvin most important Protestant reformer next to Martin Luther Educated in France, influenced by Erasmus, Renaissance humanists Supported reforms of Luther in Germany Influenced by Augustine Preached predestination- God knows who will be saved, guides lives of those destined for salvation Nothing humans can do, good or bad, will change predestined end People Sinful by Nature Strictness at heart of Calvinism s appeal, gave sense of mission, discipline Calvinists making world fit for elect who had been chosen for salvation

13 Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 John Knox Knox s Reformed Church replaced Roman Catholic Church Laid groundwork for later Presbyterian denomination Anabaptists Other Reformers Different beliefs about baptism; insisted on rebaptizing adults Crime punishable by death at that time

14 8) Protestantism Spreads to England/A King s Protest Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Protestant Reformation began with criticism of Catholic Church by priests and other religious thinkers. Reformation began with the king in England A King s Protest 1509, Henry VIII became king, age 17 Devout Catholic Wrote angry protests against Luther s ideas Actions won him title Defender of the Faith By 1525, Henry had only one child, Mary Annulment Henry wanted male heir, thought female monarch would weaken England Decided to have marriage to Catherine annulled Pope would not agree to annulment Opposition Catherine and her, nephew Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, also opposed annulment Dilemma became the king s great matter Arguing with Pope, Henry fell in love with Anne Boleyn

15 Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Henry Takes Over Reformation Parliament declared that England no longer considered itself under authority of pope Henry became head of Church of England Church of England Act of Supremacy 9) The Reformation Parliament Henry changed rituals of church very little Closed Catholic monasteries, convents, distributed much of land to nobles This built more public support for split from Catholic Church Anne Boleyn and Henry secretly married; marriage to Catherine annulled Later that year Anne gave birth to daughter, Elizabeth Act of Supremacy passed; Henry VIII Supreme Head of Church of England

16 10) Henry s Heirs Renaissance and Reformation Section 3 Third wife, Jane Seymour gave England male heir, Edward VI 1547, Edward VI took throne, age 9 Protestantism gained more ground under guidance of his guardians Edward died young; sister, Mary became queen of England Bloody Mary Mary returned England to authority of pope Hundreds burned at stake for Protestant beliefs, earning queen title Bloody Mary Her death caused little grief Half-sister Elizabeth became queen Elizabeth s Reign Elizabeth I, Protestant at heart 1559, drafted new Supremacy Act, splitting England again from Rome Catholics plotted to place Mary, Queen of Scots, on throne Elizabeth persecuted Catholics, secured Church of England

The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation Mr. Montreuil April 2015 1 The Big Picture I can explain how the Protestant Reformation impacted Europe religiously, politically, & socially. This Lesson I can identify Reformation