Human Body Review #3: Digestive System

Transcription

1 Name: Class: Date: Human Body Review #3: Digestive System Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true. 1. Chemical reactions in the body take place in the nutrient known as water. 2. Digestion begins in the stomach. 3. Food is pushed through the esophagus to the stomach by the waves of muscle contraction known as absorption. 4. Water is absorbed in the large intestine. 5. The most important nutrient is protein. 6. Most chemical digestion takes place in the small intestine. Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 7. Which of the following are NOT among the six nutrients needed by the body? a. enzymes b. fats c. minerals d. water 8. About how much water does the human body normally need in a day? a. ten liters b. two liters c. one liter d. half a liter 1

2 Name: 9. Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? a. keeping the body in a steady internal state b. eliminating undigested wastes from the body c. breaking down food into molecules that the body can use d. absorbing food molecules into the blood 10. What substance must be present in the stomach for pepsin to work best? a. hydrochloric acid b. mucus c. saliva d. water 11. What structure enable(s) the small intestine to absorb large amounts of nutrients? a. villi b. pancreas c. liver d. gallbladder 12. Which process takes place in the large intestine? a. Water is added to undigested food. b. Water is absorbed from undigested food. c. Digested nutrients are absorbed through the villi. d. Enzymes are added to complete chemical digestion. 13. The best diet for preventing heart disease and other problems includes only small amounts of a. fruits and vegetables. b. fats and sugars. c. milk, yogurt, and cheese. d. pasta, bread, and cereal. 14. Which of these foods contains a large amount of carbohydrates? a. poultry b. fish c. fruit d. oil 15. What carbohydrate helps your digestive system function even though your body cannot digest it? a. cholesterol b. fiber c. glucose d. starch 16. Which nutrients are made up of amino acids? a. unsaturated fats b. saturated fats c. proteins d. carbohydrates 2

3 Name: 17. What substance in the mouth contains an enzyme that begins chemical digestion? a. fiber b. mucus c. pepsin d. saliva 18. What process involves muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus? a. absorption b. peristalsis c. mechanical digestion d. elimination 19. What substance coats and protects the inside of the stomach? a. saliva b. pepsin c. mucus d. bile 20. About how much of a human s body weight is made up of water? a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 65 percent d. 90 percent 21. In what part of the body does most chemical digestion take place? a. large intestine b. liver c. pancreas d. small intestine 22. In what part of the body are most of the nutrients absorbed? a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. large intestine 23. What organ produces bile? a. stomach b. small intestine c. pancreas d. liver 24. Which nutrient is needed in order for all body processes to take place? a. water b. vitamins c. fats d. carbohydrates 3

4 Name: Completion Complete each sentence or statement. 25. The esophagus and the stomach are lined with a thick, slippery substance called. 26. Chemical digestion in the stomach is helped by the strong acid called acid. 27. The stores bile and releases it through a tube into the small intestine. 28. Nutrient molecules pass from the small intestine into the bloodstream through tiny structures called. 29. Enzymes are proteins that help in the kind of digestion called digestion. 30. When you swallow, a flap of tissue called the prevents food from entering your windpipe. 31. One of the roles of the intestine is to prepare waste material for elimination. 32. Nutrients that are needed for tissue growth and repair, can serve as an energy source, and take part in chemical reactions within cells are known as. 4

5 Name: Short Answer Use the diagram to answer each question. 33. Identify structures A through G. 34. Give the letter and name of the organ into which food moves after leaving organ B. 35. Give the letters and names of the organs shown in the diagram through which food does NOT travel. 36. What is the name and function of organ A? 5

6 Name: 37. What are organs E and F? How do they compare in size? Use the diagram to answer each question. 38. Identify organ D and give its function. 39. Identify organ A and give its function. 40. Give the letter and name of the organ through which food is absorbed. 6

7 Human Body Review #3: Digestive System Answer Section MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE 1. T 2. F, mouth 3. F, peristalsis 4. T 5. F, water 6. T MULTIPLE CHOICE 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. A COMPLETION 25. mucus 26. hydrochloric 27. gallbladder 28. villi 29. chemical 30. epiglottis 31. large 32. proteins 1

8 SHORT ANSWER 33. A, esophagus; B, stomach; C, pancreas; D, rectum; E, small intestine; F, large intestine; G, liver 34. After leaving B, the stomach, food moves into E, the small intestine. 35. C, pancreas; G, liver 36. A is the esophagus, which carries food from the mouth to the stomach. 37. F, the large intestine, is shorter and larger in diameter than E, the small intestine. 38. Organ D is the gallbladder. It stores the bile produced by the liver and passes the bile through a tube in the small intestine to aid in the digestion of fat particles. 39. A is the liver, which produces bile that helps to break fat down into smaller particles. 40. C, the small intestine 2