Designing an Expert System For Critical Facility Energy Management and Maintenance

Transcription

1 Designing an Expert System For Critical Facility Energy Management and Maintenance Dr. Izuh Obinelo senergy Thermal LLC 71 Spitbrook Rd, Suite 308, Nashua, NH 03060

2 Heat Density Trends in Data Centers Source: The Uptime Institute

3 Heat Density Trends in Data Centers Source: ASHRAE

4 Power & Heat Loads in Data Centers Blade heat dissipation levels of W in a 1U form factor Higher density of compaction to save real estate Today typically at 100W/ft 2 EIA projections of W/ft 2 ASHRAE projections of up to 10,000W/equipment-ft 2 Virtualization can be a major impact

5 Scope of Data Center Heat Problem 40% of the total OpEx is expended on cooling. EPA estimates: Data centers consume 1.5% of total electricity generation, at a cost of $5 billion per annum Electronics equipment may be one of the drivers for the rolling blackouts in major metropolitan areas. Example: Server farms in Seattle, WA consume as much power as the rest of the Seattle metro area, including the Boeing plants in Everett.

6 Who Should be Concerned? IT Professionals Electronics Cooling Professionals Data Center Owners & Operators Facility Planners, Architects & Engineers Public Policy Planners Network Data Consumers General Public

7 The Constraint Source: ASHRAE

8 Constraints By the Numbers Source: ASHRAE

9 Typical Cooling Designs Flooded Room Supply, Flooded Room Return CRAC RACKS & Panels CRAC Room supply from computer room air-conditioning (CRAC) units Room return to CRAC units Suitable for low power density installations

10 Typical Cooling Designs Alternate Hot and Cold Aisles CRAC RACKS & Panels CRAC Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle

11 Typical Cooling Designs Raised Floor CRAC RACKS & Panels CRAC Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Under floor plenum for cold air distribution (and cables) Perforated tiles in front of racks

12 Typical Cooling Designs Ducted Ceiling Return CRAC RACKS & Panels CRAC Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Hot air returned thru ducts in the ceiling

13 Common Inefficiencies in Air Circulation A) Idealized Air Flow B) Common Losses Mixing of hot and cold streams Cold airflow bypass Common Pressure Plenums Air flow is not necessarily targeted uneven flow distribution

14 Mixing of Hot & Cold Streams Power Density [W/ft 2 ] % mixing 20% 5% 0% Extreme Aggressive Normal Typical

15 The Cost of Cooling Data Centers Datacenters rely on moving large amounts of cool air to maintain required reliability of computing equipment 1.5% of total electricity generation used in cooling data centers in 2006, or 60 billion kwh* Projected to grow to 100 billion kwh ($7.4 billion) by 2011 Small efficiency improvements in cooling can lead to very significant cost savings * Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

16 Green Data Centers Facilities looking to go green and save costs must look to a comprehensive audit of their installed HVAC infrastructure and a rigorous analysis of their actual need. Improvements in airflow management alone can lead up to 30% improvement in energy efficiency* Rigorous energy audit to achieve the highest levels of efficiency requires CFD support. * Source: William Tschudi, Tengfang Xu, Dale Sartor, Bruce Nordman, Jon Koomey, and Osman Sezgen, Energy Efficient Data Centers, 2004

17 Holistic Approach to Energy Efficiency Plant / Sub-Station Central Plant Facility / Chillers IT Room / Servers h h h h 0 = G+T + cp + it

18 Optimizing Data Center Cooling Current Best Practices: (1) CFD Analysis (2) Transition from Single-Point to Multi-Point Monitoring

19 Benefits of Applying CFD New Data Centers and Major Retrofits: Develop specifications for cooling infrastructure. Optimize space and cooling infrastructure design Investigate potential equipment populations Existing Data Centers Energy Efficiency A lot of energy is expensed in conditioning and moving large quantities of air as found in datacenters Comprehensive energy audit must involve rigorous analysis of air supply and utlization Computational fluid dynamics is the most rigorous and cost-effective means of doing this. Existing Data Centers Solving Equipment Overheating Issues CFD is the best way to investigate potential mitigations for hot spots

20 Shortcomings of Conventional CFD Inputs used to analyze a large facility with diverse equipment populations can be woefully inadequate. Major culprits include equipment heat dissipation and air flow rates Datacenters are dynamic environments. The design evolves over time as equipment populations change. A snapshot taken at any given point in time is not likely to stay optimal as the design evolves Full power and benefit of CFD not fully realized CFD is very useful as a diagnostic tool. However, analysis is done offline

21 Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Benefits: Make better informed decisions on energy efficiency. Detect hot spots. Useful for preventive maintenance. Historical trends of localized measurements can be used to track equipment condition over time and forecast when maintenance actions should be taken Drawbacks: Limited as a diagnostic tool. Having the after-effect information is beneficial, but identifying causes and mitigations is crucial Not useful as forecasting tool. You have to build it to measure it, and maybe by then it is too late. Not very useful as a energy saving tool. You may wander if you can run an economizer cycle. With sensors you have to actually run it to find out. Very expensive in initial and maintenance costs

22 Comprehensive Environmental Monitoring Temperature sensors Figure 5: Wireless Temperature Sensor Network Topology from a Leading Vendor Estimated cost of initial installation: $20/sq. ft On going maintenance (calibration costs)

23 ActiveCFD brings CFD online ActiveCFD It is integrated with the rest of the BMS to enable cloud instrumention, diagnostics, what-if analysis, etc. ActiveCFD = CFD + SCADA ActiveCFD utilizes measurement data at a minimal number of locations to make accurate prediction at all locations

24 Traditional CFD Process: How it Works

25 How it Works ActiveCFD Process: Measure -> Calibrate -> Predict

26 Benefits of ActiveCFD ActiveCFD offers ALL the benefits of traditional CFD, More accurate predictions based on prevailing conditions + Cost-effective comprehensive instrumentation utilizing physical sensors at a few strategic locations combined with reliable numerical sensors at all locations Being online enables operational what-if scenarios to be quickly investigated before taking an action, e.g: Energy saving measures including CRAC settings, ON/OFF, economizer cycles, etc Changes in equipment line-up Changes in configuration Minor and major renovations Always-on diagnostic tool pinpoints causes of abnormalities (e.g. hot spots) and how to mitigate them Control HVAC equipment based on comprehensive picture of entire environment

27 ActiveCFD Monitoring Advantages Feature Conventional CFD Sensor Network ActiveCFD Optimize Design Monitor Control Monitor overall energy performance Monitor individual equipment cooling efficiency Perform what-if analysis Determine best location for new equipment (limited) Continuous Commissioning/Preventive Maintenance Predictive Monitoring: profile potential changes prior to implementation Predictive Monitoring: disaster forecasting

28 An Expert System Implementation: Senergy EMS Powered by ActiveCFD

29 Senergy EMS Centralized Workflow SCADA Environmental IT Power Plant Equipment Real-Time CFD Real-Time Power Self-Tuning Cloud Monitoring Rigorous Performance Analysis Holistic Energy Analysis Historical Data Analysis Equipment Performance Tracking Predictive Monitoring What-if Analysis Operational Results Precision On-Demand Cooling Reduced OpEx Increased Thermal Reliability Reliable Condition- Based Maintenance Capacity Planning Facility + IT Centralized Management Streamlined Operations Total Site Management

30 Total Site Management senergy EMS Automation & Reporting Capacity Planning & Upgrades The Most Extensive Seamlessly Integrated Platform for Data Center Performance & Energy Management

31 Benefits of Senergy EMS With ActiveCFD Complete physical asset management system that highlights energy performance. Optimize cooling infrastructure: - Get the real-time air flow and temperature information that are keys to making potential improvements to your cooling infrastructure. Identify parasitic flows, such as cold air flow by-pass and recirculation flows. Get more value out of your monitoring infrastructure - Adopt a holistic approach to energy monitoring that connects the dots between measured data and the main drivers of the physical process. Monitor your overall cooling efficiency, and drill down to cooling efficiencies of individual equipment. Easily identify areas of improvement.

32 Benefits of Senergy EMS With ActiveCFD Get suggestions for efficiency improvements or hot spot mitigation mechanisms that are relevant to your actual operating conditions. Use a convenient touch-button what-if analysis tool to preview the thermal consequences of taking major steps, such as: Bringing in new equipment or tenant Raise CRAC temperature Identify conflicts in humidification cycles of multiple CRACs Shutting off a CRAC or two to save on energy Running an economizer cycle Installing containment systems Installing in-row coolers where best to locate them and how many

33 Unique Capabilities Real-time CFD enables predictive monitoring and adaptive energy optimization Interactive 3D Monitoring at NOC level or on a desktop Interactive 3D Remote Monitoring with a standard web browser