Active Volcanoes of the World. Teide Volcano. Geology and Eruptions of a Highly Differentiated Oceanic Stratovolcano

Transcription

1 Active Volcanoes of the World Teide Volcano Geology and Eruptions of a Highly Differentiated Oceanic Stratovolcano Bearbeitet von Juan Carlos Carracedo, Valentin R. Troll 1. Auflage Buch. xiv, 279 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 17,8 x 25,4 cm Gewicht: 754 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Geologie, Geographie, Klima, Umwelt > Geologie > Vulkanologie, Seismologie Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Contents 1 From Myth to Science: The Contribution of Mount Teide to the Advancement of Volcanology Introduction Teide Volcano in Classical Mythology Mt. Teide in the Pre-Hispanic World References in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries References to Teide Volcano at the Dawn of Science: The Renaissance and Baroque Periods (Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries) The Contribution of the Great Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Naturalists Mount Teide in the Framework of Modern Volcanology: The Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries References Geological and Geodynamic Context of the Teide Volcanic Complex Introduction The Canary Volcanic Province Genetic Models for the Canaries Hot Spot Dynamics and Plant Radiation Absence of Significant Subsidence as a Crucial Feature in the Canaries Teide Volcano and the Evolution of the Canaries Tenerife Before the Construction of the Teide Volcanic Complex Shield Stage The Rejuvenation Stage of Tenerife: Las Cañadas Volcano References ix

3 x Contents 3 The Teide Volcanic Complex: Physical Environment and Geomorphology Introduction Geological Outline Massive Flank Failures and Their Morphological Imprint Origin of Las Cañadas Caldera Reconstructing the Icod Landslide and Teide Growth La Orotava and Güímar Flank Failures Morphology of Teide Pico Viejo Central Volcano Young Volcanic Landforms of the Rift Zones Morphology of Volcanic Cones Morphology of Lava Flows Late Pleistocene and Holocene Non-Volcanic Landforms and Climatic Influences Aeolian Landforms Periglacial Landforms Fluvial Landforms Ravines ( Barrancos ) Alluvial Fans and Debris Flows References Structural and Geological Elements of Teide Volcanic Complex: Rift Zones and Gravitational Collapses Introduction Oceanic Rift Zones. What are They and What Do They Represent? Development of Rift Zones Rift Zones of the Teide Volcanic Complex The NE Rift Zone Evolution of the NE Rift Zone Decline and Dispersed Activity of the NERZ The NW Rift Zone Rifting and Landsliding in the TVC Rifting, Landsliding and Magmatic Variation References Pre-Teide Volcanic Activity on the Northeast Volcanic Rift Zone Ocean Island Rift Zones Geology of the NERZ and Research Developments Field Occurrence and Petrography of the Dykes Structural Evolution of the NERZ Magnetic Studies and Ages of the Dykes Petrogenesis of the NERZ Magmas Unravelling the NERZ from Source to Surface References

4 Contents xi 6 Dating the Teide Volcanic Complex: Radiometric and Palaeomagnetic Methods Introduction Testing Dating Methods in the TVC Dating Old Teide Geomagnetic Instabilities in Volcanic Formations of the TVC and the NERZ: Dynamics of the Volcanic Edifices, Mapping and Correlation and Chronological Tie Points Geomagnetic Reversals The Mono Lake Excursion References Volcanic History and Stratigraphy of the Teide Volcanic Complex Introduction The Teide Volcanic Complex The Initial Collapse Geochronology of the Teide Volcanic Complex The Main Volcano-Stratigraphic Units Teide Volcano Pico Viejo Volcano The Peripheral Lava Domes The North West Rift Zone The North East Rift Zone Overview of the Volcanic Stratigraphy References The Last 2 ky of Eruptive Activity of the Teide Volcanic Complex: Features and Trends Introduction The Pre-Historical Record: Mafic Eruptions of the TVC in the Last 2 ky Historical Eruptions of the TVC The Christopher Columbus Eruption Eighteenth Century Eruptions in the TVC The 1705 Fissure Eruption of Arafo-Fasnia-Siete Fuentes The 1706 Eruption of Garachico Volcano The 1798 Eruption of Chahorra Volcano The Twentieth Century Eruption of the TVC Felsic Eruptions of the TVC The Latest Eruption of Teide Volcano Roques Blancos Lava Dome Eruption Montaña Blanca Composite Lava Dome The Montaña Reventada Magma Mixing Event

5 xii Contents 8.8 General Features and Trends of the Last 2 ky of TVC Volcanism References Timing, Distribution and Petrological Evolution of the Teide-Pico Viejo Volcanic Complex Introduction The Significance of Felsic Volcanism in Ocean Islands Petrological History of Tenerife Island Prior to Teide Formation Petrological Description of the Teide Pico Viejo Succession Mafic Lavas Transitional Lavas Felsic Lavas Trace Element Characterisation of the Teide Pico Viejo Succession Volumetric and Spatio-Chronological Characterisation of the Teide Pico Viejo Succession References Magmatic Differentiation in the Teide Pico Viejo Succession: Isotope Analysis as a Key to Deciphering the Origin of Phonolite Magma Introduction The Application of Radiogenic Isotopes in Igneous Petrology Previous Work and Research Techniques Sr-Nd Pb O Systematics at Teide-Pico Viejo Discussion Sediment Contamination? Constraints on the Assimilant Heterogeneous Oxygen Isotope Composition of the Assimilant Bulk Melting of Country Rock Quantification of Differentiation Processes at Teide Pico Viejo Mechanisms for Crustal Melting Petrogenesis at Teide Pico Viejo References Magma Mixing in the 1100 AD Montaña Reventada Composite Lava Flow: Interaction of Rift Zone and Central Complex Magmatism Introduction The Montaña Reventada Lava Flow Research Techniques

6 Contents xiii 11.4 Petrological and Geochemical Observations Petrography Whole-Rock and Groundmass Composition Emplacement and Formation of the Montaña Reventada Lava Flow Subaerial Emplacement of Lava Origin of Inclusions Subsurface Dynamics Timescale of Basanite-Phonolite Interaction Mixing Mechanism Eruption Sequence References Eruptive Styles at the Teide Volcanic Complex Introduction Effusive Eruptions in the TVC Eruptive Vent Distribution Lava Run-Out Lengths Magmatic Explosive Eruptions in the TVC The Montaña Blanca Subplinian Event Gravitational Collapse of Phonolitic Domes and Lava Flow-Driven Explosive Eruptions Phreatomagmatic Explosive Eruptions in the TVC Las Calvas del Teide Phreatomagmatism in the Pico Viejo Volcano Phreatomagmatism in the Canary Islands References Geophysical Investigations of the Teide Volcanic Complex Introduction Resolving the Current P T Conditions of the Teide Magma Chamber Using Gas Emission Data Gravity Modelling Aeromagnetic Surveys Seismicity Seismic Profiles Microseismicity Ground Deformation The Broader Picture References Geological Hazards in the Teide Volcanic Complex Introduction Seismicity and Seismic Hazards in the TVC

7 xiv Contents 14.3 Volcanic Hazards in the TVC Lava Flow Hazards Hazard Maps Topographic Control on Lava Flow Paths and Lava Inundation Inundation by a Potential Eruption Close to the 1706 Garachico Event Overflow of the Las Cañadas Caldera Hazards Related to Felsic Volcanism in the TVC Ground Deformation Hazards The Present State of the TVC Plumbing System The Present Risk Mitigation Challenge References Author Biographies Index