2008 AfricA PoPulAtion

Transcription

1 Reference Bureau and African & Health Research Center 2008 Africa AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA Algeria Data Sheet Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara WESTERN AFRICA Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo EASTERN AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Reunion Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe MIDDLE AFRICA Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe SOUTHERN AFRICA Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland

2 Africa s Age Structure In mid-2008, Africa s population was estimated at 967 million, with about 400 million (42 percent) below age 15. This youthful population age structure provides momentum for continued growth. With an annual growth rate of about 2.4 percent (a high of 2.8 in Middle Africa and a low of 0.8 in Southern Africa), the continent is projected to reach 1.9 billion by Africa is projected to account for 21 percent of world population by 2050, up from just 9 percent in Age Male Female Sou r c e : UN Division, World Prospects: The 2006 Revision Millions Fertility Decline in Africa, 1980s to 2005 Most African countries show some fertility decline since the 1980s, but the patterns vary substantially by region. Northern Africa shows the most dramatic drop in the average number of children per woman. Fertility decline was much more modest in sub-saharan Africa. Middle Africa registered the smallest decline in fertility and maintains the highest fertility rate: more than 6 children per woman in Southern Africa saw big declines in fertility and has the lowest rate, at 2.8 children per woman. Children per woman Around 2005 Not e : The rate shown is the total fertility rate or the average number of children born per woman given current birth rates. Sou r c e s : UN Division and Reference Bureau Total Eastern Western Middle Southern Northern Sub-Saharan 2008 Reference Bureau 2008 Africa Data Sheet 2

3 Increase in Contraceptive Use Since the 1990s, contraceptive use has increased in Africa. Close to one-half of the married women use a modern contraceptive method in a number of countries in Northern and Southern Africa. However, use of modern methods is quite low often less than 10 percent in many countries, especially in Middle and Western Africa. These same countries also tend to have high fertility levels 6 or more children per woman and high infant mortality rates more than 100 infant deaths per 1,000 live births. Sou r c e : Demographic and Health Surveys. currently married women, ages 15 49, using a contraceptive method Morocco Namibia / Kenya Nigeria /97 Chad Type of method Modern Traditional Infant Mortality by Mother s Education In Africa, an estimated 82 infants die before age 1 for every 1,000 live births. But this average masks the wide variations within regions and countries. In nearly all countries, infant mortality rates are highest among mothers with no formal education and lowest among mothers with secondary or higher education. But in a few countries, such as Kenya and Chad, mothers with primary-level education are slightly more likely than mothers with no education to experience the death of a child. Reducing infant mortality is one of the UN s Millennium Development Goals. Sou r c e : Demographic and Health Surveys. Infant deaths per 1,000 live births Level of education None Primary Secondary Nigeria 2003 Chad 2004 Kenya 2003 Morocco 2003/ Reference Bureau 2008 Africa Data Sheet 3

4 Living on Less Than US$2 per Day In Africa, poverty is more concentrated in the Eastern, Middle, and Western regions than in the Northern and Southern regions. In these regions, the percentage of the population living on less than US$2 per day was one-half or greater in every country except Côte d Ivoire (where it was 49 percent), and 90 percent or higher in Nigeria and Tanzania. Even Egypt, which has the highest percentage of its population living below US$2 per day in Northern Africa, has a lower percentage than any country in Eastern, Middle, and Western Africa. Percent living below US$2 per day Northern Africa Tunisia Egypt Southern Africa South Africa *Central African Republic Sou r c e : World Bank. Data refer to the most recent year available between 1990 and Swaziland Middle Africa Cameroon CAR* 84 Eastern Africa Kenya 58 Tanzania Western Africa Côte d Ivoire Nigeria Net Enrollment in Primary and Secondary School Low educational levels, particularly at the primary level and for girls, have been of great concern to most governments in Africa. Although primary school enrollment remains low in some countries just 34 percent in Djibouti it has improved tremendously in the recent past. It is now above 90 percent in some countries, such as Algeria (Northern Africa). However, the transition into secondary school has seen little progress in most countries, illustrated by the huge gap between primary and secondary enrollment in Malawi. Secondary enrollment is not universal in any African country, and is below 20 percent in Chad and at least 8 other countries. school-age children enrolled Algeria South Africa Sou r c e : UNESCO. Malawi Chad Djibouti Level of education Primary Secondary 2008 Reference Bureau 2008 Africa Data Sheet 4

5 Percent Living in WORLD AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara WESTERN AFRICA Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo EASTERN AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Reunion Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Mid 2008 (millions) <Age 5 Ages 5 14 Age 65+ Urban Areas (% of total population) Slums (% of urban population) Natural Increase in (annual, %) Increase in Urban (annual, %) Total Fertility Rate 6, Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 5

6 Percent Living in MIDDLE AFRICA Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe SOUTHERN AFRICA Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland Mid 2008 (millions) <Age 5 Ages 5 14 Age 65+ Urban Areas (% of total population) Slums (% of urban population) Natural Increase in (annual, %) Increase in Urban (annual, %) Total Fertility Rate Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 6

7 Maternal and Child Health WORLD AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara WESTERN AFRICA Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo EASTERN AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Reunion Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Married Women Using Contraception Any Method Modern Methods Women With An Unplanned Pregnancy With an Unmet Need for Family Planning Percent of Teens Pregnant or Who Have Had a Child Percent of Babies Delivered With Skilled Attendant Children Under Age 5 Underweight Children Months Fully Vaccinated Infant Mortality Rate Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 7

8 Maternal and Child Health MIDDLE AFRICA Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe SOUTHERN AFRICA Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland Married Women Using Contraception Any Method Modern Methods Women With An Unplanned Pregnancy With an Unmet Need for Family Planning Percent of Teens Pregnant or Who Have Had a Child Percent of Babies Delivered With Skilled Attendant Children Under Age 5 Underweight Children Months Fully Vaccinated Infant Mortality Rate Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 8

9 HIV/AIDS Education Economy WORLD AFRICA SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA NORTHERN AFRICA Algeria Egypt Libya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara WESTERN AFRICA Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Côte d'ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo EASTERN AFRICA Burundi Comoros Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Reunion Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Ages With HIV/AIDS Percent Ages With HIV/AIDS Net School Enrollment ( Children Enrolled) Men Women Primary Secondary GNI PPP per Capita, 2007 (US$) Economic Growth Percent Living on <US$2 per Day $9, , , , , <0.1 <0.1 < , , , , < , , , , , , , , , , , , , < < , , , , , , , Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 9

10 HIV/AIDS Education Economy MIDDLE AFRICA Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe SOUTHERN AFRICA Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland Ages With HIV/AIDS Percent Ages With HIV/AIDS Net School Enrollment ( Children Enrolled) Men Women Primary Secondary GNI PPP per Capita, 2007 (US$) Economic Growth Percent Living on <US$2 per Day , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Reference Bureau See notes on page Africa Data Sheet 10

11 The 2008 Africa Data Sheet presents the most recent estimates of key population, health, and environment indicators for all countries in Northern and sub-saharan Africa. It was created through a partnership between the African and Health Research Center (APHRC) and the Reference Bureau (PRB), with funding from the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and produced in conjunction with PRB s 2008 World Data Sheet. At PRB, Mary Mederios Kent, senior demographic editor, and Carl Haub, senior demographer, contributed to the data sheet. At APHRC, Alex Ezeh, executive director; Jean-Christophe Fotso, research scientist; Latifat Ibisomi, post-doctoral fellow; and Rhoune Ochako, research assistant, contributed to the data sheet. PRB and APHRC also acknowledge the assistance of Rose Oronje and Elizabeth Kahurani (APHRC communication staff) and Donna Clifton of PRB. The Rockefeller Foundation provided additional funding for this project About APHRC and PRB The African and Health Research Center (APHRC) is a nonprofit, nongovernmental international organization that is committed to conducting policy-relevant research on population, health, and education issues in sub-saharan Africa. From its base in Nairobi, APHRC promotes the use of research evidence in policy and practice in the continent, in addition to strengthening the research capacity of African scholars and institutions to enhance skills in generating credible scientific evidence. APHRC also produces publications such as this data sheet to disseminate population and health information to scientific and nonscientific audiences. The Reference Bureau (PRB) informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations. PRB transforms technical data and research into accurate and easy-to-understand information; builds coalitions and conducts trainings in the United States and throughout the developing world; and reaches out to a broad audience through the news media and its website and publications. Since 1962, PRB has published its annual World Data Sheet, which includes the most recent population, health, and environment indicators for all of the world s countries. Selected Notes and Definitions Unless otherwise noted, the data are from the PRB 2008 World Data Sheet or national surveys. Specific sources and more complete definitions can be obtained from PRB and APHRC. Regional totals are shown when estimates are available for at least 75 percent of the region s population. A dash ( ) signifies data are not available or not applicable. Percent Urban/ Urban Living in Slums. Percentage of the total population living in areas termed urban by that country. Slum households are identified by the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), as urban households lacking one or more of the following: durable housing, sufficient living area, access to an improved water source or improved sanitation; or secure tenure. Estimates are from Urban, Development and the Environment 2007 (UN, 2008). Percent Natural Increase, Annual. The rate of natural increase is the birth rate minus the death rate, implying the annual rate of population growth without regard for migration. The urban percent increase is from Urban, Development and the Environment 2007 (UN, 2008), and refers to Total Fertility Rate (TFR). The average number of children a woman would have assuming that current age-specific birth rates remain constant throughout her childbearing years (usually considered to be ages 15 to 49). Contraceptive Use. The percentage of currently married or in-union women of reproductive age who are currently using any form of contraception. Modern methods include clinic and supply methods such as the pill, IUD, condom, and sterilization. Data are from the most recently available national-level surveys. Unplanned Pregnancy. Percentage of women ages who reported their last pregnancy was unwanted or mistimed. Unmet Need for Family Planning. Percentage of married women ages who report they want to avoid pregnancy but are not using a family planning method. Teens Pregnant or Who Have Had a Child. Measures teenage childbearing for all women ages Babies Delivered With Skilled Attendant. Based on women who have given birth in the last three years. Skilled attendants include trained and accredited midwives, nurses, and doctors. Children Under Age 5 Underweight. A child is underweight when his or her weight-forage ratio is at least two standard deviations below the international standard. Data are from UNICEF and national surveys the most recent available between 2000 and Children Months Fully Immunized. Full immunization involves having received a full course of immunizations against six diseases polio, tetanus, measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and diphtheria. Infant Mortality Rate. The annual number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births. With HIV/AIDS. Refers to people who are HIV positive. The estimates are for 2007, from the 2008 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, accessed at or from national surveys. Some regional averages were calculated by PRB. Children Enrolled in Primary/Secondary School. The percentage of children of the appropriate age who are enrolled, or net enrollment. Data are from UNESCO and are the most recent available between 2000 and GNI PPP per Capita, GNI PPP refers to gross national income converted to international dollars using a purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor. International dollars indicate the amount of goods and services one could buy in the United States with a given amount of money. Data are from the World Bank. Economic Growth: The average annual growth (or decline) in national income between 1990 and 2005, calculated by the World Bank. Living on <$2/day. Estimates from the World Bank of the proportion of people with average consumption expenditures of less than US$2 per day, measured by national surveys. Estimates are the most recent available between 1990 and African and Health Research Center Shelter Afrique Center, 2nd Floor, Longonot Rd., Upper Hill P.O. Box 10787, GPO Nairobi, Kenya tel /1/2 fax: info@aphrc.org website: Reference Bureau 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 520 Washington, DC USA tel fax popref@prb.org website: PRB and APHRC. All rights reserved.