VOLUME VERSUS VALUE- EXPERIENCES OF THE DUTCH BIOWASTE SECTOR. Ton Bastein

Transcription

1 VOLUME VERSUS VALUE- EXPERIENCES OF THE DUTCH BIOWASTE SECTOR Ton Bastein

2 Contents Circular Economy: Opportunities for the Netherlands Based on TNO study Focus on current and potential future value of biobased economy Approach for EU-approach?

3 An inspiring vision: the circular economy according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation

4 Circular economy in The Netherlands : Starting point TNO analysed the (economic) opportunities for Dutch Economy Tasked by Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment 100% circular Technological and economic limits maximum transition (realistic) opportunities for the circular economy Existing activities: repair, re-use, recycle 100% linear

5 Potential value of the circular economy for The Netherlands + 7,3 billion EUR ( = 1.2% GDP) jobs 14% 13% Agriculture landbouw Industry nijverheid Services diensten 73% added value: more winners than losers in the Dutch economy

6 How can circular economy grow: Recycling does not necessarily add much value

7 Lene Lange, Professor, dr.scient. Aalborg University, Denmark

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9 Current practice in the EU-28: volume vs value waste management practices. environmental policies on moving waste volumes up the waste hierarchy focus on diversion from landfill. Valorisation is much harder to both monitor, quantify and control. Eurostat collects data on generation and treatment of waste No EUROSTAT data on VALUE of waste valorisation. The challenges are: What does best practice look like from a valorisation perspective? How can this be measured, in line with existing EUROSTAT reporting protocols?

10 Current practice in the EU-28: treatment of organic and biowastes 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% landfill land treatment incineration w/o energy recovery Incineration / energy recovery (R1) backfilling recycling

11 Treatment of biowaste in The Netherlands Part of sector plans of National Waste Management Plan Sets minimum requirements for waste treatments for all waste categories Only proven technologies (> TRL 9) required fraction Household fruit and vegetables Public Green waste Minimum standard for treatments Composting fermentation to biogas Composting Fermentation soil improvement

12 Agro-food cluster is important in The Netherlands Agriculture 5.3 % of exports Employs 240,000 people Food industry 12.9 % exports Employs 120,000 people 64% of area earmarked for agriculture

13 Approach for the assessment of circular value for biobased waste Quantify volume of biotic waste streams Analyse current use And price for current use Identify research activities that potentially leads to higher added value Biorefining Insect breeding Production of C5-C6 sugars Fermentation Innovative biogas production Estimate values of the alternative products

14 The use of biobased waste as a feedstock Total residual sources 34 types of > 50 kton/yr 42,9 Mton/yr Primary residual sources: Generated during harvest, storage, transport Secondary residual sources Generated during primary processing in agro-food industry Tertiary residual sources Generated during production or after consumption by end-users

15 The use of biobased waste as a feedstock manure

16 From current recycling bio-waste: 3,5 billion EUR Cattle feed: 2.1 billion EUR

17 From current recycling bio-waste: 3,5 billion EUR

18 How can value be increased? Some opportunities Manure: Biogas or manure drying, processing and exporting (TRL 9) Sugar beets Rubisco/protein extraction from leaves Biorefinery from pulp before biogas and feed Potato pulp and peel From feed to Starch, fibre, pectin production for food, feed and process industry Potato haulm Biorefinery potential (e.g. natural toxins) CO2 emission reduction: 1.2% of current agriculture emissions Land use reduction: 2000 km2

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20 Crop lacking lignin is suitable for mild biorefining no lignin in: Micro-algae Leaves Macro-algae Mild cell disruption possible Ingredients remains functional!

21 Increased value from manure: Separate collection of manure and urine in stables prevents the formation of NH3 (ammonia) from urea in the urine and the urease in the manure during storage. Produces biogas, digestate and minerals

22 Waste stream Mixed kitchen & supermarket waste Assumption re: new circular application New product Indicative new value (EUR/ton) Comment Produce biogas Biogas -45 Contains a large amount of cardboard and packaging Household waste excl. biodegradable waste Improved waste sorting Paper, glass, textile, biodegradable waste... Biodegradable waste Produce biogas 80 m 3 biogas /t Savings of 250 million if waste sorting is improved by one third Slurry Produce biogas 30 m 3 biogas/t +5 Value as fertilizer approximately +8 euro/t Sugar beet leaf Extraction of 1 wt% RuBisCO RuBisCO protein (4 euro/kg) Mt/yr Sugar beet pulp Biorefining Diet food, cosmetics, fibre Brewer s grain Biorefining Protein, fibre (sugars) +100 In accordance with Benschop (2012) and Elbersen (2010) +100 Path in accordance with Elbersen (2010) Potato pulp Biorefining Starch, pectin, fibre +85 Path in accordance with Elbersen (2010) Maize residue Biorefining C5+C6 sugars +100 Use sugars for ethanol Straw Biorefining C5+C6 sugars +200 Use sugars for ethanol Waste streams costing > 200/t No change - - High-quality application already exists

23 Potential growth :1 billion EUR

24 Potential growth :1 billion EUR

25 Potential growth :1 billion EUR 45% 55% biogas production biorefining

26 Business Barriers to implementation of biobased opportunities Investments: 4 8 billion EUR Investments in biorefining is risky In light of price volatility And unproven feasibility TRL < 9 Unclear prospects and consumer demand for biobased products E.g. Dried digestate granules E.g. REACH-compliancy, food safety legislation Changing established chains (and writing off investments) Disadvantage over established suppliers Unlevel playing vis-à-vis fossil based materials

27 How can value creation from biobased waste be stimulated? Think about more differentiation in listing waste treatments List not only treatment of waste, but also expected product categories Enabling assessment of maintaining complexity of ingredients in waste and the potential creation of value Guiding roadmaps, R&D programs and scaling-up assessments Clearly distinguish market ripe technologies and Technologies to be developed (TRL < 9) There is no low hanging fruit!

28 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION /2013/06/20/tno-rapport-kansen-voor-de-circulaire-economie-innederland.html Voor meer inspiratie: TIME.TNO.NL