Effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction speed among university student

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1 199 1 Effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction speed among university student Nahoko Koya 1 Abstract This study investigated the effects of plyometric training on change-of-direction speed (CODS) among college athletes who specialized in ball sports. Forty male college athletes (age, years; height, cm; Weight, kg) were participated in this study. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: training group and control group. The subjects in the training group had a 12-week plyometric training session. The subjects in this control group had no training sessions. Before and after the 12-week period, all subjects had a testing session to evaluate their physical abilities. In the training group, significant improvements were observed in all comparisons including all jumping items, straight-line sprinting, and CODS ( p<0.05) and effects size was great. Moreover an improvement in J and RJ-index could make advance on CODS significantly. Key words: plyometric training, CODS, straight sprint, ball sports Change of direction; COD Sheppard & Young, 2006 COD Gambetta, 1996; Gabbett, 2002; Sheppard & Young, 2006 erstegen and Marcello, 2001 COD Young et al., 1996 Young 2006 COD Change of direction speed; CODS COD 4 3 Young et al, 2001 Young 2006 CODS SSC Stretch-shortening cycle CODS SSC SSC Komi, 2000 SSC 1 Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University

2 CODS Baker, 1999; Sheppard, 2003, 2004; Young et al., 1996; Young et al., G Baker, 1999; Sheppard, 2003, 2004; Young et al., 1996; Young et al., 2001 CODS Malisoux et al., 2006; Miller et al., COD COD COD COD COD 2005 CODS CODS Baker, 1999; Tsitskaris et al., 2003; Young et al., 1996 CODS CODS Young et al., 2001CODS COD CODS Young & Farrow, 2006 Brughelli 2008 CODS CODS CODS CODS Brughelli et al., 2008 COD CODS CODS COD CODS CODS CODS COD age, years; height, cm; Weight, kg; career, years 20 age, years; height,

3 201 cm; Weight, kg; career, years Table 1 NSCA Table 1 12-week Plyometric training program for the Training group Week Plyometric Drills Sets Reps Intensity direction Ankle hops Ankles hops with double arm action Side to side ankle hops Jump and reachardle jumps (40cm) ateral jumps (40cm) Box jumps (40cm) exagon drill Double leg hops Double leg hops (lateral) Single leg push off Single leg push off (lateral) Prancing Gallop Skips Knee tuck jumps Squat jumps Bat kick jumps Split jumps Scissors jumps ateral hardle hops double leg ateral hardle jumps double leg Depth jumps (drop box heights 0.30m) Depth and leaps (drop box heights 0.30m) Scissors jumps Double scissors jumps Standing long jump Alternate leg push off Alternate leg push off (lateral) Box jumps (box heights 0.30m) Depth and leaps (drop box heights 0.30m) Depth squat jumps (drop box heights 0.30m) Gallop Skips Power skips Standing 3 jumps alternate leg Depth jumps (drop box heights 0.30m) ardle hops single leg ateral hardle jumps single leg ateral hardle crossover jumps single leg exagon drill Scissors jumps Double scissors jumps ardle jumps double leg ateral hardle jumps double leg ardle hops single leg ateral hardle jumps single leg ateral hardle crossover jumps single leg vertical lateral horizontal

4 NSCA2003 NSCA, CODS CODS Australian Sports Commission ASC 4 Change of Direction/Acceleration Sideways Agility Test eft and Right Change of Direction / Acceleration Forward Agility Test eft and Right Australian Sports Commission, 2000 Fig. 1 4 CODS Sideways 180 Forward 90 Brower Timing Systems COD m 5m Brower Timing Systems 3 6 J 6 6J 2 6J RJ-Index 1995b DK SJ SJRSJ S3J t effect size Cohen, 1988 CODS CODS 5 SPSSver.18

5 m Start/Finish gate a. Sideways (cutting 180 degree) Using the line, mark out the points of the course. The starting tape is placed 30cm to the right of the singles sideline, level with the line (for the right-side test). Set up the timing lights at the start and finish gate. a. Sideways A 1. The subject should start when ready, as light gate timing will start automatically (point A). 2. The subject side steps 4.1m to touch the center mark on the line. 3. Subjects turns and runs back along baseline until crossing the gates. 4. The subject s foot must touch or over the mark in order for the trial to be valid. 5. Repeat the test on the opposite side. 4.1 m Finish gate b. Forward (cutting 90 degree) Using the line, mark out the points of the course. The starting tape is placed 30cm to the right of the singles sideline, level with the line (for the right -side test). Set up the timing lights at the start and finish gate. 4.1 m b. Forward A Start gate 1. The subject should start when ready, as light gate timing will start automatically (point A).. 2. The subject side steps 4.1m along the line to touch the mark on the line. 3. Subjects then runs naturally forward through the finish gates (4.1m). 4. The subject s foot must touch or over the mark in order for the trial to be valid. 5. Repeat the test on the opposite side. Fig. 1 Change-of-Direction/ Acceleration Agility Test procedures Table 2 CODS p<0.05 SJR ES 0.60 ES CODS total: ES 0.42, Forward left start: ES 0.60 RJ-Index ES 0.50 SJ ES 0.27 S3J ES 0.37 p<0.05 CODS Forward left start RJ-IndexCODS total SJ S3J CODS Forward left start 1 CODS CODS CODS Table 3 J RJ-Index 2 Y x x 2 x 1 J x 2 RJ-Index F p R CODSJ RJ-Index 36 CODS 180 Sideways 90 Forward CODS Sideways J RJ-Index 2 Y x x 2 x 1 J x 2 RJ-Index F p 0.000

6 Table 2 Comparison of test results mean SD among the 2groups in pre- and post test Test Items Training Group Control Group Pre Post ES Pre Post ES CODS Sideways Forward right start sec * left start sec * right start sec * left start sec * * 0.60 total sec * * 0.42 Straight sprint 5m sprint sec * m sprint sec * J cm * RJ-Index m/sec * * 0.50 SJ m * SJR m * SJ m * * 0.27 S3J m * * 0.37 *: Significant difference from pre to post p< 0.05 ES: effect size Table 3 The Results of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for CODS Regression analysis of prediction the CODS from tests ariable B SEB r Step 1 Step 2 J *.532 SEE.373 R J *.532 RJ-Index *.375 SEE.358 R R B Standard coefficient, SEB Standard error of regression coefficient, Standard regression soefficient, r Correlation coefficient, SEE Standard error of estimate, R 2 Coefficient of determination, R 2 R 2 of determination, * p R CODS Sideways J RJ-Index 37 Table 4-1 CODS Forward J RJ-Index SJR 3 Y x x x 3 x 1 J x 2 RJ- Index x 3 SJR F p R CODS Forward J RJ-Index SJR 22 Table 4-2

7 205 Table 4-1 The Results of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for CODS (Sideways) Regression analysis of prediction the CODS (Sideways) from tests ariable B SEB r Step 1 Step 2 J *.554 SEE.236 R J *.554 RJ-Index SEE.228 R R Table 4-2 The Results of Stepwise Multiple Regression Analysis for CODS (Forward) Regression analysis of prediction the CODS (Forward) from tests ariable B SEB r Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 J *.359 SEE.201 R J *.359 RJ-Index SEE.198 R J RJ-Index SJR SEE.196 R R B Standard coefficient, SEB Standard error of regression coefficient, Standard regression soefficient, r Correlation coefficient, SEE Standard error of estimate, R 2 Coefficient of determination, R 2 R 2 of determination, * p 0.05 CODS NSCA CODSTable 2 5m

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