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2 Tech Corner / OCTOBER/ NOVEMBER 2015 Maximizing Ka-Band Network Uptime by Ground Station Diversity Michael Waldow is business development manager DAS - Systems Engineering at DEV Systemtechnik GmbH & Co. KG, a Quintech Electronics & Communications Company. New growth market applications such as carrier grade services, enterprise networks and mobile backhaul can require significantly higher network uptime and availability than traditional consumer grade broadband services. Traditionally, the bulk of fixed satellite communications have used C-band and Ku-band transmission frequencies. Today, C/Ku-band orbital positions and frequencies have become highly congested, creating demand for use of additional frequency bands including Ka-band. Ka-band systems can also offer several advantages. The available frequency range in the Kaband is about 4 times larger than that of traditionally C- and Ku-bands used for Fixed Satellite Services (FSS). Furthermore, Ka-band transmission is typically employed with the usage of multiple spot beams, socalled frequency reuse operation. This allows for the transmission of different signals at the same frequency, simultaneously to several geographic areas. The high transmission frequencies of Ka-band allow for highly focused spot beams and smaller antennas leading to economically efficient solutions at high data rates. Consequently, state-of-the-art High Throughput Satellites (HTS) operated in Ka-band can provide data capacities exceeding 100GBit/s per single satellite, many times that of conventional satellite systems. Despite all these advantages, satellite systems operated in the Ka-band face some challenges. Ka-band transmission is severely degraded by adverse weather conditions. In particular additional atmospheric losses due to rainfall can exceed 50dB for Ka-band satellite transmission systems. With such high atmospheric losses, conventional fade margin approaches as adaptive-waveform and coding/modulation techniques or adaptive-power control techniques do not always compensate sufficiently for the losses, when it comes to meeting the needs of high availability services.

3 / OCTOBER/ NOVEMBER at ptc.org/ptc16 Ka-band Site Diversity Since transmission quality on Ka-band frequencies is heavily dependent on atmospheric losses dominated by rainfall, suitable system configurations need to be carefully designed. Within the ITU rain zone model the world is mapped into different rain regions, in which the rain rates do not exceed a specific value during the year. For instance a typical rain zone for Central Europe would be categorized as rain zone F, meaning that the average rain rate in this region is below 25mm/h for 0.01percent of the time of a year, whereas in a tropical rain region, e.g. zone P, the average rain rate does not exceed 145mm/h for 0.01 percent of the time. Beside other factors, for example, frequency, earth station location, and elevation angle, link losses scale with these rain rates for Ka-band satellite systems. Attenuation caused by heavy rainfall (>70mm/h) can exceed values of 50dB. Consequently, for percent availability, the satellite system needs to be able to provide corresponding fade margins in terms of appropriate system configuration. To achieve the highest fade margins, and support higher uptime Ka-band services, Site Diversity configurations can be used. Figure 1 shows the schematic view of a Ka-band Site

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6 A World Class Magazine Deserves A World Class Advisory Board Khalid Balkheyour Arabsat Tom Choi ABS Thierry Guillemin Intelsat 9 Current Members 7 Countries Represented is transmitted and converted by main and redundant transmitter and receiver modules. In the case of a malfunction, or loss of a main transmitter or main receiver module, the redundancy switch at the receiver side switches over to the backup equipment ensuring a signal transmission with highest possible quality and uptime. / OCTOBER/ NOVEMBER 2015 Andriy Kirillovich RSCC Andy Tafler CPI International Clay Mowry Arianespace Inc. Gerdus van Eeden MultiChoice Group Mark Spiwak Boeing Joanne Wheeler Bird & Bird 2 Past Executives of the Year 1Goal Learn more about the Advisory Board of Via Satellite: More than a magazine Figure 3 Conclusion With a Ka-band Site Diversity configuration, the signal transmission is redirected from the Main Site to a Diverse Site in the case of adverse weather conditions. Site Diversity configurations, can employ DWDM RF-over

7 Make a Statement Learn about technologies driving investments and opportunities for you. Discover how the latest trends in television distribution and viewing are changing your business and how you can benefit. DON T MISS! SATCON KEYNOTE Commercial Integration Cell Vision and Implementation Plans Lt. Gen. John W. Jay Raymond, Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Space, U.S. Strategic Command Hear from key players and explore trends leading innovations in NewSpace, HTS and mobile broadband and integrating commercial and military satcom. Fiber transmission systems and redundancy switching units, and provide and excellent way to ensure maximum Ka-band system reliability and availability, despite the high level of rain attenuation at Ka-band. The new RF-over-fiber technology, combined with wider availability of fiber lines today allows diverse antenna sites to have direct RF connectivity to a single data center, without installation of all the based band data center equipment at each antenna site. This provides cost-savings, and operational ease compared to the installation of complete antenna or baseband traffic site redundancy configurations. Ka-band networks can achieve higher resiliency using RF-overfiber antenna diversity. If scaled across multiple gateway sites, this kind of solution can increase overall usable satellite network capacity by allowing traffic be routed to less satellite resource-hungry sites during rain. This will help Ka-band systems maximize their competitiveness and ability to address a broader range of customer needs. VS / OCTOBER/ NOVEMBER 2015 Sponsored by ENOUGH TALK IT S TIME FOR ACTION. REGISTER NOW.

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