Name: Date: Compare the functions of the two major providers of managed care.

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Unit 1 Outline -Week 2 Unit 1 Overview U.S. Health Care and Categories of Health Services This lesson introduces students to the U.S. healthcare system. This unit begins by discussing historical events that have shaped the healthcare system. Next, the unit takes a glance forward into the potential futures for healthcare. It is impossible to examine the future of healthcare without also considering how technologies are revolutionizing our healthcare system and strategies. The second part of this unit introduces healthcare facilities, functions, and services. Chapter 2 Key Terms Ambulatory Care Healthcare facilities Diagnosis Medicare and Medicaid Federally Funded primary care centers Mental Health Services Private hospital Public hospital Rehabilitation Health teams Patients Bill of Rights U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Lesson Objectives After completing this lesson, students are expected to: Describe the healthcare functions of private and public facilities, inpatient and outpatient services, military facilities, and volunteer facilities. Identify the four major types of health services and their functions. Compare the functions of the two major providers of managed care. Name the major points of the Patient s Bill of Rights. Describe public health, hospital, ambulatory, and mental health services.

2 1. Categories of Health Services A. Overview Of The U.S. Healthcare System B. Healthcare Facilities 1. The healthcare system offers four broad types of services: 2. health promotion Services 1. Helps clients reduce the risk of illness, maintain optimal function and follow healthy lifestyles. 3. Illness prevention services 1. Classes to educate clients such as, nutrition, exercise etc. 1. Offers a wide variety of Educational efforts aimed at involving consumers in their own care 4. diagnosis and treatment 1. Usually people would wait until they were ill before they seek medical attention. However recent advances in technology and early diagnostic techniques have greatly improved the diagnosis and treatment. 5. Rehabilitation. 1. Involves the restoration of a person to normal or near normal function after a physical or mental illness, including chemical addition. 6. Expansion of the healthcare system and professional specialization has resulted in an increase in the range and types of health care settings. 1. A wide variety included 1. Inpatient, outpatient, community based, voluntary, government, institutional, and comprehensive health maintenance agencies. 7. Federally funded primary care centers 8. Privately funded free clinics 9. Hospitals are the major agency in the healthcare system. They vary greatly in size, depending on the location. 1. Hospitals are either private or public 1. Private Hospitals is owned and operated by groups such as churches, businesses, corporations and physicians 2. Public Hospitals is financed and operated by a government agency, either at the local or national level.

3 C. Hospitals: Development and Services 2. The hospital is the key resource and center of the U.S. healthcare system. 3. Hospitals not only deliver primary patient care, but also train health personnel, conduct research, and disseminate information to consumers. 4. They employ approximately 75% of healthcare personnel, with a collective payroll that accounts for at least 40% of the nation s health expenditures. 5. Approximately 60% of federal health monies and 40% of all state and local health monies go to hospitals. 6. The major forces affecting the development of hospitals include the following: 1. Advances in medical science, most notably the discovery of antiseptic techniques and sterilization processes and the use of anesthesia. 2. Advances in medical education, with predominant use of scientific theory and standardization of academic training for physicians. 3. Transformation of nursing into a profession by requiring training in caring for the wounded and ill, cleanliness and sanitation procedures, dietary instruction, and simple organized care. D. Ambulatory Healthcare Services 1. Care that is provided outside of institutional settings is considered ambulatory care. 2. It is the most frequent contact that most people have with the healthcare system. 3. Ambulatory care can be any type of care, from simple and routine to complex and specialized. E. Mental Health Services 1.Mental health personnel involved in the delivery of mental health services include: a. Psychiatrists, who are MDs who make a mental diagnosis, prescribe medications, and may provide psychotherapy b. Psychologists c. Clinical social workers d. Psychiatric nurses who have advanced degrees and who provide case management and/or psychotherapy

4 F. Healthcare Teams 1. The concept of health teams in all types of health services has brought about changes in healthcare delivery. The Health team consists of a variety of health personnel, each with a specialized function. 2. There are two general types of health teams: a. Functional teams are formed to take care of specific problems. Examples include the mental health team or the coronary care team. b. Patient-centered teams include patients and their families who are involved in making healthcare decisions together with their doctor and other healthcare professionals. G. The Consumer Rights c. Team Members include i. Other direct-care providers ii. Doctors iii. Nurses iv. Dietitians v. Therapists 1. In 1973, The American Hospital Association developed a Patient s Bill of Rights, which lists 12 specific rights of hospitalized patients. A. One of the most important legal rights is informed consent that is, the physician must obtain permission from the client to perform certain actions or procedures. 2. In 1997 President Bill Clinton appointed an Advisory Commission on consumer protection and quality in the health care industry. It s five care provisions were A. Right to treatment, privacy and dignity, refuse treatment, emergency care and advocate. H. Public Health Services 1. Most important Federal Agency is the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2. The USDHHS is the agency responsible for Medicare, Medicaid, Public Health, Biomedical research, food and drug safety, disease control and prevention, Indian Health, and mental health services 3. The USDHHS works closely with state and local governments to provide leadership in public health emergency preparedness in the event of severe weather, infectious disease epidemics or biological terrorism

5 4. The Focus on Public health is the community instead of the individual. 5. The Emphasis in Public Health is on prevention in contrast to medical care, in which the emphasis is treatment of the disease. I. Health Care in the Twenty-First Century A. The Public Health services deal primarily with fours aspects of care a) Identifying diseases that cause death or debility b) Assessing the factors of cause and method of transmission c) Finding ways to control or cure disease and then to prevent spread d) Education the public to apply the findings effectively 1. The Private U.S. Healthcare system has undergone broad and often drastic changes. Its present visibility and highly technical orientation have led to thousands of jobs, created new professions, and provided care to millions of people. 2. The most pressing problem of this century will be to bring health care within the reach of everyone without sacrificing quality. 3. Preventive health care will play an important role in achieving health care for all through federally funded primary care clinics and public health clinics funded by city and state governments. J. Summary 1. The Health status of the U.S. population has improved dramatically in the last 30 years. Improvements have been made in public health measures, socioeconomic status and medical care. a) Attain and promote high quality of life for all people free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death. b) Focus on social determinants of health as well as health outcomes and risk factors. c) Increase the number of health professionals to meet future healthcare needs.

6 Unit 1(Chapter 2) Weekly Assignments (use the internet to help with your research) Due Tuesday Chapter 2 Key Terms Ambulatory Care Diagnosis Federally Funded primary care centers Health teams Healthcare facilities Medicare and Medicaid Mental Health Services Patients Bill of Rights Private hospital Public hospital Rehabilitation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Due Wednesday Group Discussion Activities Each Group Chooses One Topic of Discussion. You must research the topic and be prepared to discuss the topic on Wednesday. 1. Describe the healthcare functions of private and public facilities 2. Explain why hospitals are the key resource and center of the U.S. healthcare system. 3. Explain in detail what Ambulatory Healthcare services are. 4. Explain the functions of the Mental health Services and how it has improved over time. 5. Explain the focus and emphasis of the Public Health services. What Federal agency is the most important federal agency concerned with public health. 6. Name the major points of the Patient s Bill of Rights Due Friday Homework Assignment Choose one 1. Investigate a person famous for a health care discovery. Using information gathered about the person s life, form a hypothesis as to the events that led the person to that discovery. 2. Discuss a technology in the past century that you believe has drastically transformed the Health Care program for the better. 3. Explain the Positive and Negative side of taking Antibiotics to cure infections. 4. It is the year You have been given the task of updating the Patient s Bill of Rights. Discuss what you would update if anything and why. Carefully outline each of the rights. 5. In your own words, briefly describe one of the following: public health, hospital, ambulatory, or mental health services.