WEB SERVER. Andri Mirzal, PhD N

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1 WEB SERVER Andri Mirzal, PhD N

2 Web server Web server can refer to either the hardware or the software that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage or running enterprise applications

3 Apache The Apache is an open source web server software program notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web Typically Apache is run on a Unix-like operating system, and was developed for use on Linux. The application is available for a wide variety of operating systems, including Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, OS X, Microsoft Windows, OS/2, TPF, and ecomstation Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server software in use As of December 2012 Apache was estimated to serve 63.7% of all active websites and 58.49% of the top servers across all domains

4 List of other web servers Server AOLserver Apache Tomcat Boa Caudium Cherokee HTTP Server Google Web Server (GWS) IBM HTTP Server Internet Information Services (IIS) Nginx Nodejs Oracle HTTP Server Developed by NaviSoft Apache Software Foundation Paul Phillips The Caudium Group Álvaro López Ortega Google IBM Microsoft NGINX, Inc. Ryan Dahl Oracle Corporation

5 MySQL MySQL is the world's most widely used open source relational database management system (RDBMS) The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language It runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation

6 MySQL MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications It is a central component of the widely used LAMP, WAMP, MAMP, XAMPP web server software Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality Applications which use MySQL databases include: TYPO3, Joomla, WordPress, phpbb, MyBB, and Drupal MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products, including Wikipedia, Google, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Nokia.com, and YouTube

7 List of other database software Software Apache Derby DB2 Microsoft Access Microsoft Visual Foxpro Microsoft SQL Server MemSQL Oracle PostgreSQL SQLite Maintainer Apache Foundation IBM Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft MemSQL Oracle Corporation PostgreSQL Global Development D. Richard Hipp

8 PHP PHP is a server-side scripting language that can manipulate information held in a database and generate web pages dynamically each time content is requested by a browser It can also used as a general-purpose programming language PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, it now stands for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, a recursive acronym (similar to GNU which stands for GNU s Not Unix! )

9 PHP PHP code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting web page PHP commands can be embedded directly into an HTML source document It has also evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) PHP can be deployed on most web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system and platform

10 Apache/MySQL/PHP interaction Static page Dynamic page Fig above illustrates the life cycle of a web page from when the client makes a request until it gets a response.

11 Apache/MySQL/PHP interaction Users use browser to access content of website that is stored in a server while the server stores the content in a database The browser expects to receive data in HTML format, but the content is stored in tables in the database that only understands how to respond to SQL queries The PHP scripting language is the go-between that speaks both languages It processes the page request and fetches the data from the MySQL database, then spits it out dynamically as the nicely-formatted HTML page that the browser expects

12 Apache/MySQL/PHP interaction This is what will happen when someone visits a page on a database-driven website The browser requests a page using standard URL If the request is for a static page, the server responds by simply returning the file to the client. If the request is for a dynamic page, the server interprets the file using PHP plug-in, then certain PHP commands connect to the MySQL database and request the corresponding content The MySQL database responds by sending the requested content to the PHP script The PHP script stores the content into one or more PHP variables, and then uses echo function to output the content as part of the Web page The PHP plug-in finishes up by handing a copy of the created HTML to the Web server The Web server sends the HTML to the Web browser

13 WampServer WampServer is an easy to use web server package that allows you to configure Apache, MySQL and PHP in your local machine to match that of your live web server WAMP is an acronym of Microsoft Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP (sometimes also include Perl or Python) Variants of WAMP include: XAMPP: cross-platform -> Windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS MAMP: for the Mac OS operating system LAMP: for the Linux operating system WIMP: A similar package where the Apache is replaced by Internet Information Services (IIS) Other programs may also be included in a package, such as phpmyadmin which provides a graphical user interface for the MySQL database manager

14 Why WampServer? As a web developer many want to test their developments on their local machines Normally we would have to install Apache, MySQL, and PHP, and configure these separately to work with each other on our local machine Also if we want to administer MySQL on the browser we will have to install phpmyadmin which is a burden for the novice user To tackle these problems there are several packaged solutions on the net Popular and more robust one is WAMP server

15 Installing WampServer Go to and scroll down to downloads section Click either WAMPSERVER (64 BITS & APACHE 2.4) 2.2E, or WAMPSERVER (32 BITS & PHP 5.4) 2.2E buttons (if your system is 64 bits, then choose the first, else choose the second) After downloading completed just click the downloaded file Note: please accept the default folder C:\wamp

16 Files and folders inside C:\wamp

17 Create the first HTML file using WAMP Go inside the www folder and create a new folder inside it called homepage (do not put any space) Open notepad and insert the following on it: <?php echo "Hello World!";?> Save it inside homepage folder as index.php Go to the browser and in the address bar Note that the WAMP server must be activated in order to see the page otherwise the browser will not be able to display the page

18 WAMP summary Now we already have a web server (apache), a database system (MySQL) to store contents, and a scripting language (PHP) that deals with any browser query, fetch the corresponding contents from the database, format the information in HTML, and send it back to the browser We will first learn how to develop websites offline by utilizing WAMP To simplify the task, we will install content management systems (CMS): WordPress and Joomla! on top of WAMP In addition we will also install MediaWiki, a software package originally used by Wikipedia, on top of WAMP

19 Installing WordPress Displaying installwordpress.htm

20 Installing Joomla! Displaying installjoomla.htm

21 Installing MediaWiki Go to The steps for installing is similar to WordPress and Joomla!