Introduction. According to modern astronomy, the beginning of the universe would be about

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1 1 Introduction According to modern astronomy, the beginning of the universe would be about fourteen billion years ago, the universe was born from an explosion of a tiny and tiny point which was called as singularity. The Big Bang theory is currently famous for the hypothetical cosmology. It seems to be recognized as time and space began from the particular singularity about fourteen billion years ago. This modern scientific view of cosmology is fantastic and fascinating. However, this result of the modern scientific cosmological view of the universe is obviously influenced by great antiquity and ancient Greek philosophy such as Presocratic philosophers, Plato and Aristotle. In a sense, cosmology seems to be a development of self-awareness for human kind. Richard Tarnas wrote, in the passion of the western mind, human mind is ultimately the organ of the world s own process of self-revelation. It would be surmised that cosmology would become a meaning of understanding human self-awareness. The world view of Presocratic philosophy It might be very attractive to know a variety of thoughts of Presocratic philosophy before Plato and Aristotle. The main interests of it seemed that what were the components in reality? and how could they work in the physical world? Empedocles asserted that the universe was composed of the four major elements;

2 2 that is, earth, air, fire, and water. According to Presocratic philosophy was written by Catherine Osborne, Anaxagoras and Democritus suggested that reality was hidden because it involved components too small or too mixed-up for us to see. In fact, atoms which were defined by Democritus, atoms could not be divided and macroscopic objects were composed of microscopic atoms. also The atoms themselves never alter their own characteristics. They just rearrange themselves into various collections. It seems to be very similar to the modern scientific view of the universe or reality. Modern science revealed that the components of the material world would be composed of more than one hundred elements in the universe. In the passion of the western mind, Parmenides suggested that nothing was change, The elements themselves did not come into being or pass away. Only their constantly shifting combinations were subject to such change. On the other hand, Heraclitus, another rationalist, asserted All things are in constant flux, and yet are fundamentally related and ordered through the universal Logos, which is also manifest in the human being s power of reason. Both the world view of the universe seem to be expressed a various of aspects of the physical world. It seems that cosmology might include the epistemological topics and the cradle of the beginning of the modern scientific view of the world or reality.

3 3 The world view of Plato Plato was one of the great philosophers in ancient Greek era and known as an illustration of the philosophical concepts of Idea or Forms. Plato illustrated reality was hard to understand with senses and experiences. According to the passion of the western mind, Human beings are like prisoners chained to the wall of a dark subterranean cave, where they can never turn around to see the light of a fire that is higher up and at a distance behind them. When objects outside the cave pass in front of the light, the prisoners mistake as real what are merely shadows created on the wall. To understand shadows and reality, prisoners must get out from the cave. Plato seemed to suggest that Reason could reveal reality itself. Plato established Academy which was the institution of education to discipline intellect and mind in order to understand reality. How could human intellect and mind be disciplined? Plato thought that geometry in mathematics would be crucially important to understand and reveal reality and shadows. Fundamentally, modern science is established and related to mathematical view of the world, for instance, Newton s gravitational law and Einstein s theory of the general relativity. Both of the world views of the universe are strongly related to mathematics. In this way, the mathematical view of the world would influence and transform into

4 4 human mind and intellect also would change the cosmological view of reality itself. In the passion of the western mind, For at the heart of Plato s conception of the world was the notion of a transcendent intelligence that rules and orders all things: divine Reason in the king of heaven and earth. The universe is a wondrous regulating intelligence. In these idealism and rationalism, it seems to lead to modern scientific deduction methods likewise to enhance modern astronomy and science. Finally, Plato illustrated that to discover kosmos in the world was to reveal kosmos in one s own soul. The world view of Aristotle Aristotle would be known as the great thinker of the ancient Greek philosophers. The most of traditional academic fields would be established by Aristotle particularly organization and categorization for knowledge of the world and cosmology. Aristotle criticized Plato s idealism, according to the passion of the western mind, Plato s universe based on the transcendent Ideas was diminished in the process, Aristotle suggested that the empirical world was reality, and he could not accept Plato s conclusion that the basis of reality existed in an entirely transcendent and immaterial realm of ideal entities. Aristotle believed that reality was perceptible with senses and observations. Aristotle pointed out The substance is the primary reality, upon which

5 5 the quality depends for its existence. Also Aristotle suggested that an organism would move toward maturity because of a teleological development. Aristotle established that principles of the philosophical methods such as induction, the syllogism, the analysis of causation into material, efficient, formal, and final causes, which seems to be categorized of motion of matters in modern physics. In this way, observation and experiences would lead to empiricism and logic, which would enhance to develop generalization and theories from particular data. Consequently, the world view of Aristotle seems that a sort of synthesis of Presocratic view of cosmology and Plato s cosmology. In addition, the characteristics of Aristotelian cosmology was geocentric and geostatic, as the result of integration of atomists and Plato s philosophy. Aristotle would employ the primary Unmoved Mover which suggested the ordered movement of the heavens. It seems to be a pursuit of divine intention of kosmos, likewise it seems to be a meaning of the pursuit of a law of the universe. Conclusion Aristotelian cosmology would influence to 17 th century when Galileo Galilei advocated heliocentric cosmology against both Aristotelian and Christianity authority. It was the epoch-making event called as Scientific Revolution, and occurred the sort of paradigm shift of the world. Now, the modern scientific view of cosmology depicts

6 6 the Earth belongs to the solar system, the solar system belongs to the Galaxy, and the Galaxy belongs to the universe; which would be supposed to be composed of a mass of unlimited galaxies; which would be supposed to begin through the Big Bang at about fourteen billion years ago. In this case, through the development and change of the cosmological view of the world, it seems to impact on human mind and its epistemological view of the world. The quest of cosmology might be defined as like a pursuit of the secret archaic records of the universe including the past, the current, and the future of human kind. According to the lecture of Dr. Helene Cazes, the recent evidence of modern quantum physics describes that a matter might be expressed the phenomenon of both a particle and a wave. It might be indicated to understand reality like a back to the metaphysics of Plato s philosophy. Cosmology would be suggested that the continuous expansion of itself and also enhance to understand human self-awareness.

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