Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM): an international mission for measuring global precipitation
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1 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM): an international mission for measuring global precipitation Keiji Imaoka Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency The 51st session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of COPUOS February 18, 2014 Vienna, Austria 1
2 Water Related Disasters: Asia Others Other 8% Deaths: 390,000 ( ) Earthquakes 26% Earthquakes Floods & Storms Floods & Storms 66% Based on World Water Council,
3 Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) US-Japan joint mission to observe tropical precipitation. Equipped with the first-ever spaceborne precipitation radar (PR) at Ku-band to perform 3- dimensional precipitation measurements. Launched on Nov. 28, 1997 and has continued observations for the past 16 years. GPM/DPR will provide more accurate, high sensitivity, 3D measurements. US-Japan joint mission Japan: PR, launch US: satellite, TMI, VIRS, CERES, LIS, operation 3
4 Rainfall Climatology by TRMM 14 year-mean (from Jan to Dec. 2011) surface rain observed by TRMM/PR 4
5 Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory by NASA-JAXA KaPR: 35.5GHz radar (phased array) GPM Core Observatory GMI (Microwave Imager) KuPR: 13.6GHz radar (phased array) Constellation Satellites by international partners International mission for high accurate / frequent global precipitation observation. Core Observatory: developed under NASA and JAXA equal partnership. Constellation Satellites: utilization of international partners satellites with precipitation measurement capability. Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) Developed by JAXA and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) DPR is composed of KuPR and KaPR GPM Core Observatory will be launched on February 27th 2014 (UTC). 5
6 Dive into Typhoons GPM and Core Hurricanes Satellite GMI DPR (Ka-band) DPR (Ku-band) can observe rainfall by DPR (Ku and Ka) and GMI 6
7 From Tropics to Global GPM TRMM Snowfall Rainfall 7
8 8
9 DPR: Reference Standard of GPM Accurate, High sensitivity, 3D Measurement by Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) DPR will provide reference standard of worldwide satellites for the Precipitation measurement. 9
10 10
11 Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) As one of GPM JAXA standard products, we have started to release hourly global rainfall data (GSMaP Product) in near real time (about four hours after observations). Multi-Satellites! Produced Rainfall Map produced 4 hours after observation and updated every hour Internet access Images & Movies Google Earth files Data download 11
12 Typhoon Haiyan observed by GSMaP Strong typhoon Haiyan passing through the Philippians on Nov hourly animation: From 00Z Nov. 3 to 06Z Nov. 9,
13 Analysis of GSMaP for Flood in Thailand in 2011 By using satellite-monitoring data from GSMaP, 3 month s basin-average precipitation (July-September of ) over the Chao Praya River was analyzed without using any ground-observed rainfall data Basin mean precipitation in Chao Phraya River Basin from July to September DATA/ 518mm 424mm 527mm 710mm GSMaP MVK(2008) GSMaP NRT( ) Average(Bangkok) ,000 1,200(mm) Images provided by Infrastructure Development Institute (IDI), secretariat of IFNet 13
14 GSMaP and GPM Applications in Various Areas Weather forecast/monitoring Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) : NWP system, typhoon analysis Meteorological Research Institute : Future NWP system Japan Weather Association (JWA) : Mobile phone, weather information Flood warning/prediction International Flood Network (IFNet), Infrastructure Development Institute (IDI) : Global Flood Alert System (GFAS) International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM) : Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) Japan Water Association : flood potential monitoring UNESCO-IHP (Pakistan) : flood warning system using IFAS Asia Development Bank (ADB) (Philippines, Bangladesh, and Viet Nam) : River management including flood risk Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) (Nigeria, Mozambique, etc.) : Water resource management in river-basin, flood monitoring Agriculture SAFE: drought monitoring in Cambodia and Indonesia, Chiba University : food security Education 14
15 Effect of Microwave Imager Data in the Numerical weather prediction (NWP) GCOM-W1/AMSR2 data was introduced to the NWP system on Sep. 12, Impact study of introduction of AMSR2 into the JMA Meso Scale Model for the case of Kyushu Heavy Rainfall in July Without AMSR2 data (left), heavy rainfall forecast in Kyusyu area is not very clear compared to the observation (right). When introducing AMSR2 data in data assimilation (middle), heavy rainfall is forecasted well. This result presumes that better water vapor analysis accuracy over the East China Sea with AMSR2 resulted in improving rainfall forecast accuracy. Forecast rainfall without AMSR2 Forecast rainfall with AMSR2 Observed rainfall [mm/3hr] 3-hour rainfall at 6 JST on 12 July Forecast is 21 hour forecast with initial time of 9 JST on 11 July Images provided by JMA 15
16 ADB Technical Assistance Project Applying Remote Sensing Technology in River Basin Management Participating countries: Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam JAXA contributes using space technology Precipitation (GSMaP) ALOS Calibration Digital Surface Model Rain Gauges flood forecasting system SMS distribution system Input to the flood forecasting model of GSMaP Precipitation data calibrated by rain gauges on the ground and terrain data derived by ALOS Flood Warning Improvement of the flood warning lead time from 3 to 5 days. Mitigation of agricultural damages Direct distribution of information to the people by using cellular phones 16
17 Summary The GPM is an international mission for precipitation measurements worldwide Expected launch of the GPM Core Observatory by NASA and JAXA is February 27th 2014 (UTC). Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP): one of GPM JAXA standard products GPM Applications Weather forecast/monitoring Flood warning/prediction Agriculture Education... 17
18 Explore Science and Extend Applications Floods Forecast Global Rainfall Map from satellites Gifu Prefecture Drought Agriculture can be applied to various applications. 18
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