568 Subject Index. exponential distribution, 106, 108, 539 extension field, 545, 551 eye diagram, 193

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1 SUBJECT INDEX additive system, 182 additive white Gaussian noise, 99, 103 aliasing, 52, 54 amplifier AM/AM characteristic, 332, 342 AM/PM characteristic, 332, 342 nonlinear, 344 two-box model, 344 amplifiers, 325 amplitude unbalance, 267 autocorrelation function, 83, 97 autocovariance, 83 automatic gain control, 336 autoregressive process, 109, 167 autoregressive-moving average process, 109 bandpass limiter, 326 Bartlett periodogram, 151 BCH bound, 509 BCH codes, 509 narrow-sense, 510 primitive, 510 Bello functions, 449 Berlekamp factorization, 552 Bessel filters, 227 bilinear transformation, 237 binary asymmetric channel, 442 binary erasure channel, 442 binary phase shift keying, 286 binary symmetric channel, 440 biphase signaling, 57 biquadratic form, 231 block codes, 506 block interleaver, 513 BPSK modulation, 286 BPSK receiver, 287 BPSK signals error performance of, 292 PSD of, 290 Butterworth filters, 44, 217 carrier recovery, 263 carrier synchronization, 356 causal system, 183 Chebyshev filters, 44, 218 circular convergence function, 542 clock rates, changing of, 393 code synchronization, 356 coefficient quantization, 491 commutative group, 543 complementary error function, 539 complex envelope, 63 constellation diagram, 192 controls, 29 convolution integral, 184 convolutional codes, 515 convolutional encoder,

2 568 Subject Index convolutional interleaver, 514 correlation, 96 correlation demodulator, 270 Costas loop, 426 covariance, 97 cumulative distribution function, 95 cyclic code, 507 cyclotomic coset, 511, 559 cyclotomic polynomial, 552 Daniell periodogram, 148 data skew, 269 data window, 153 decimation, 466, 480 delay estimation correlation-based, 385 phase-based, 388 delay modulation, 58 delay-doppler-spread function, 452 delay-power profile, 458 demodulator phase-locked, 424 denormalization of filter responses, 213 diffuse multipath channel, 459 digitization, 51 directed graph, 14 discrete Fourier transform, 119 properties of, 120 small-n implementations, 136 discrete memoryless channel, 440 discrete multipath channel, 463 discrete-time Fourier transform, 119 Doppler-delay-spread function, 453 downsampling, 466 elliptical filters, 222 envelope, 61, 104 error function, 100, 539 expected value, 79, 96 exponential distribution, 106, 108, 539 extension field, 545, 551 eye diagram, 193 fast convolution, 242 fast Fourier transform, 119 butterfly, 126 decimation-in-frequency, 131 decimation-in-time, 123 prime factor algorithm, 138 filter transformations, 210 filters bandpass, 214 bandstop, 216 Bessel, 227 Butterworth, 44, 217 Chebyshev, 44, 218 elliptical, 222 FIR, 208, 496 highpass, 217 IIR, 209, 501 finite field, 545 FIR filters, 208, 496 floating-point format double-precision, 493 single precision, 492 folding frequency, 54 Fourier series, 119 Fourier transform, 119 frame synchronization, 356 frequency shift keying, 299 frequency warping, 239 frequency-dependent modulation function, 453 FSK modulation, 299 Galois fields, 543 Gaussian distribution, 99, 538 Hamming distance, 523

3 Subject Index 569 Hamming window, 160 hard limiter, 326 Hermitian matrix, 168 homogeneous system, 182 IIR filters, 209, 234, 501 properties of, 236 impulse response, 44, 183 inphase modulation component, 62 input delay-spread function, 450 input Doppler-sread function, 452 interleaver block, 513 convolutional, 514 interpolation, 368, 466, 471 irreducible polynomial, 549 lag window, 155 large-signal swept response, 343 leakage, 153 Levinson recursion, 168 linear congruential sequence, 84 loop filter, 406 m-psk receiver, 293 m-psk signals error performance of, 298 PSD of, 295 macro, 4 magnitude response, 210 Manchester coding, 57 Marcum Q function, 542 mean, 79, 96 memoryless bandpass amplifier, 327 memoryless nonlinearity, 326 Miller coding, 58 minimal polynomial, 510, 559 minimum shift keying, 306 mixed congruential sequence, 84 mixers, 325 model graph, 25 modified periodogram, 147 modulator BPSK, 286 FSK, 303 MSK, 309 QPSK, 266 modulus, 84, 85 moments, 79 moving-average process, 109 MPSK modulation, 293 MSK modulation, 306 MSK signals error performance of, 314 PSD of, 312 multipath spread, 452 multiple phase shift keying, 293 multiplicative congruential sequence, 88 multirate simulation, 465 natural envelope, 61 noise power, 102 non-return to zero level, 55 null space algorithm, 555 numerical integration, 207, 229 Nyquist rate, 54, 469 offset QPSK, 282 OQPSK modulation, 282 output delay-spread function, 453 output Doppler-spread function, 451 parameter input, 4 parameters array, 5 enumerated, 7 input, 4, 5 propagation of, 17 signal-plotting, 8

4 570 Subject Index periodogram, 146, 148, 151, 167 phase detector, 406 phase unbalance, 267 phase-frequency detector, 412 phase-locked loop digital, 412 linear, 407 phase-locked loops, 406 power spectral density, 101, 104 primitive polynomial, 547 probability density function, 95 probability mass function, 79 pseudorandom sequence, 83, 90 pulse code modulation, 54 pulse, rectangular, 45 Q function, 539 QPSK modulation, 264 QPSK signals error performance of, 281 PSD of, 279 quadrature demodulation, 487 quadrature demodulator, 273 quadrature form, 61 quadrature modulation, 487 quadrature modulation component, 62 quadrature modulator, 269 quadrature phase shift keying, 264 quantization, 51 random number generator, 90, 102, 109 random process discrete-time, 82 uncorrelated, 83 wide-sense stationary, 83 random sequences, 78 random variable continuous, 94 Rayleigh distribution, 105, 540 Remez exchange, 471, 496 reports, 30 Rice distribution, 541 root mean square value, 81 sample point, 78 sample spectrum, 146 sampling, 51, 53 saturating-signal response, 344 Schuster periodogram, 146 signal advance models, 360 signal delay models, 357 signal quantization, 495 signals implementation, 9 management system, 13, 20 registration of, 26 subordinate, 9 small-signal swept response, 343 spectral image, 54 squaring loop, 424 standard deviation, 81, 96 startup tail, 84 step response, 44, 183 symbol synchronization, 356 synchronization recovery, 406 system graph, 28 time-frequency duality, 452 Toeplitz matrix, 168 tone generators, 49, 51 transfer function, 183, 186 transposition theorem, 497 transversal filter, 496 traveling-wave tube amplifier, 208, 242, 335 triangular window, 154 uncorrelated scattering, 456

5 Subject Index 571 uniform distribution, 95, 108, 538 uniform sampling theorem, 53 unit impulse, 44 unit step, 44 upsampling, 467 variance, 80, 96 Viterbi decoding, 519 soft decisions, 525 voltage-controlled oscillator, 304, 406 vonn Hann window, 157 Web site, Prentice Hall, 3 Welch periodogram, 167 wide-sense stationarity, 455 wideband-modulated response, 344 windowing, 153 WSSUS channel, 457 Yule-Walker equations, 168