The misconceived notion of a succesful Brazilian agriculture and some difficulties to endogenize an external model Arilson Favareto
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1 The misconceived notion of a succesful Brazilian agriculture and some difficulties to endogenize an external model Arilson Favareto Clique para editar o estilo do subtítulo mestre
2 Point of departure Brazilian agriculture is known as a succesful model based on a bimodal structure (agribusiness + family farming sector) A succesful model? A peaceful coexistence between sectors? A transferable model?
3 It is not a model 5.1 million of unities 4.3 million of family farmers unities 800 thousend of non family farmer s unities 12.9 million of people 11 millions on family farmers 1.7 working on non-family farmers unities US$. ~60 billion (2006) US$.20.5billion by 3 million of family farmers US$.40 billion by non-ff 1.3 million of family farmers properties without monetary income
4 Complementar and contradictory coexistence We have not two models but five agriculture segments 1 Agribusiness (Embrapa model) (high level of productivity and income) 2 Big land owners (low level of technical modernization and productivity + political power) 3 Peripheriferal family farming (MDS Policies) 4 Intermediate family farming (MDA/Pronaf model) 5 Consolidated family farming (Embrapa model)
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7 The role of political conditions The coexistence between big enterprises and family farmers in Brazil is not a simple consequence of public policies well designed. Public policies are a consequence of social pressure - Modern Brazilian big agriculture as an answer to problems of food scarcity and social conflicts under the military dictatorship (60s and 70s) - Family farming policies were also adopted as an answer to the pressure exercised by rural social movements (90s) Endogenous forces driving changes and the constitution of local coalitions around policy making
8 The role of a strong State There were some political and instutional requirements to the constitution of the instruments responsible for the success of Brazilian agriculture 6 axes national credit system national research system national training system national infrastructures multisectoral integration and coordination social policy against poverty, Strong State financing and coordinating the modernization process, adapating tecnologies, creating capacities + Social actors driving State policies
9 The role of extra-agriculture factors Infrastructure + technologies + investments + access to markets = high levels of production Social negative impact caused by agribusiness technology intensive model and its subsequent low necessity of work force = poverty These can be offset by decentralized urbanization and economic diversification creating local markets and other opportunities to absorb excess work force Environmental problems derived from intensive use of water and soil, or derived from loss of biodiversity It could be offset by low input and high diversification technologies (ecological requirements of future agriculture) but not available for large scale use
10 Issues for African agriculture An experience, not a model Brazilian experience should be received in Africa as a complex and contradictory experience. It is necessary to choose what aspects to be applied and under what institutional conditions, rules and incentives Bulding capacities, beyond import resources External resources are needed to boost African agriculture. Yet local capacities need to be built Opportunities: New model (leveraging foreing expertise and resources) Problems: Dependency and reproduction of exogenous trade-offs
11 Thank you!
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