BRAZIL LIVESTOCK SECTOR BRIEF. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO

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1 LIVESTOCK SECTOR BRIEF BRAZIL Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch AGAL July 2005

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface...ii 1. General Information... 1 Human population, land and socio-economics... 1 Human population trends... 2 Trends in agricultural land Livestock Resources... 2 Livestock populations...2 Contribution of different species to total livestock units... 3 Selected indicators of livestock resources... 3 Agro-ecological zones and densities of livestock species (2000) Livestock Production... 6 Trends in annual production of meat, milk and eggs... 6 Composition of total meat production... 6 Carcass weights and percentage slaughtered by species... 7 Milk yields and proportion of dairy animals... 7 Egg yields and proportion of laying birds... 7 Estimated feed used for livestock production... 8 Trends in annual per capita production of meat, milk and eggs Consumption of Meat, Milk and Eggs... 9 Trends in annual consumption of meat, milk and eggs... 9 Trends in annual per capita consumption of meat, milk and eggs... 9 Production versus consumption for meat, milk and eggs (2002) Trade in Livestock and Livestock Products...11 Trade in agricultural and livestock products Export/import dependency for livestock products Trade in live animals Trade in livestock products Livestock Health...14 Total number of cases/outbreaks of selected diseases reported in all susceptible species References and Further Reading...15 Data contained in this Livestock Sector Brief are taken from official sources. Official sources are no guarantee for data accuracy and the figures reported in this brief should be taken as indicative and not be used for official purposes. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations assumes no responsibility for its accuracy, completeness and coherence. FAO AGAL i

3 PREFACE The Livestock Sector Briefs (LSB) are intended to provide a quick overview and an approximate outlook for the livestock sector of the respective country using figures and quantitative indicators originating from official sources. The LSBs are complemented by a synthesis of policy documents available in the public domain. The majority of the data in the LSBs refer to the country as a whole and come from FAOSTAT, which is available on the internet ( FAO, as part of its mandate, compiles information and data on various aspects of food and agriculture from all countries. The data are analysed and interpreted to support FAO's programmes and activities and, in accordance with the basic functions of the Organization, they are disseminated to the public through publications, CD-ROM, diskettes and the Internet. The country level data are officially submitted to the Division for Statistics of FAO (ESS) by various ministries of the respective countries. For details of data collection procedures see The figures submitted often display inconsistencies across ministries, for example reported meat production does not always match reported meat consumption when taking into account imports and exports. FAO tries to reconcile the figures, to the effect that FAO statistics may differ from those originally submitted. The LSBs utilise FAOSTAT data from the following domains: human population, land use, agriculture production, food supply and agricultural and food trade. These are used to derive a standard set of indicators that can quickly be compared across the countries. Data on the economy are from the World Bank s World Development Indicators CD-Rom, which is also available online and is updated every year. Animal health data are taken from the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) HANDISTATUS II These are official data supplied by member nations. For any feedback and comment, please contact: Pius Chilonda - Livestock Information Analyst Livestock Information, Sector Analysis and Policy Branch Animal Production and Health Division Food and Agricultural Organisation Viale delle Terme di Caracalla Rome, Italy Tel: Fax: Pius.Chilonda@fao.org FAO AGAL ii

4 1. GENERAL INFORMATION Human population, land and socio-economics Human population million Population density on total land 20.8 persons/sqkm Annual growth rate ( ) 1.4 % Population in agriculture 27.1 million As proportion of total population 15.4 % Total land area 8,459,420 sqkm Agricultural land 2,635,800 sqkm As proportion of total land 31.2 % Land under pasture 1,970,000 sqkm As proportion of total land 74.7 % Irrigated area 29,200 ha Agricultural land per 100 people ha Agricultural land per 100 people in agriculture ha Agricultural population density on agricultural land 10.3 persons/sqkm GDP 1 809,928 million US$ GDP annual growth rate ( ) 2.9 % GDP per capita/year 1 4,642 US$ GDP per capita annual growth rate ( ) 1.5 % Agriculture, GDP 69,690 million US$ As proportion of total GDP 8.6 % Livestock, GDP 1 33,260 million US$ As proportion of agricultural GDP 47.7 % Human development Rank 72 Ranking 2 Human development index Poverty incidence 3 Total 17.4 % Urban 13.1 % Rural 32.6 % 1 Constant 1995 US$ 2 The HDI rank is determined using HDI values to the fifth decimal point from 177 countries, as compiled by the UNDP; 3 National poverty line; na: not available Source: World Bank (2002); UNDP (2004); FAO (2005a) FAO AGAL 1

5 Human population trends Values expressed in 1,000 Population segment Year Annual growth rate (%) Total 121, , , , Rural 41,064 37,638 32,394 31, Urban 80, , , , Trends in agricultural 1 land Values expressed in sqkm Land type Year Annual growth rate (%) Total 2,242,780 2,416,080 2,614,060 2,635, Cropped 2 528, , , , Pastures 1,714,140 1,842,000 1,962,060 1,970, The sum of area under arable land, permanent crops and permanent pastures 2 Arable and permanent crops 2. LIVESTOCK RESOURCES Livestock populations Values expressed in 1,000 Species Cattle and buffaloes Year Annual growth rate (%) , , , , Sheep and goats 26,707 31,909 24,132 23, Pigs 34,183 33,623 31,562 32, Poultry 448, , , , Total LUs 98, , , , LU: Livestock unit; conversion factors: cattle (0.70), buffalo (0.00), sheep and goats (0.10), pigs (0.25) and poultry (0.01) FAO AGAL 2

6 Contribution of different species to total livestock units 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% Poultry Pigs Sheep and goats Cattle and buffaloes 0% YEAR Selected indicators of livestock resources 600 LIVESTOCK UNITS LUs per 100 people, total population LUs per 100 people, agricultural population YEAR LIVESTOCK UNITS LUs per sqkm, total land LUs per sqkm, agricultural land YEAR FAO AGAL 3

7 Agro-ecological zones and densities of livestock species (2000) Density calculated on total land area 1 Agro-ecological zones People/sqkm Cattle/sqkm Sheep/sqkm 1 Densities for livestock populations and production is based on total land suitable for livestock production Source: FAO (2001); LandScan (2002), FAO (2005b) FAO AGAL 4

8 Pigs/sqkm Poultry/sqkm Milk offtake/sqkm Source: FAO (2005b) FAO AGAL 5

9 3. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION Trends in annual production of meat, milk and eggs 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Meat, total 5,317 7,709 15,434 17, Beef and buffalo 2,850 4,115 6,579 7, Mutton and goat Pig 980 1,050 2,600 2, Poultry 1,397 2,422 6,125 7, Milk, total 12,061 15,076 20,527 22, Eggs, total 792 1,256 1,570 1, Composition of total meat production 100% 80% 60% 40% Poultry Pig Mutton and goat Beef and buffalo 20% 0% YEAR FAO AGAL 6

10 Carcass weights and percentage slaughtered by species Species/year Carcass weight (kg/animal) Percentage slaughtered/year Cattle Buffaloes Sheep Goat Pigs Poultry Blanks represent no data Milk yields and proportion of dairy animals Species/year Milk yield (kg/year) Percentage milked Cattle ,140 1, Buffaloes Blanks represent no data Egg yields and proportion of laying birds Species/year Eggs (kg/year) Percentage laying Chicken FAO AGAL 7

11 Estimated feed used for livestock production 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Maize 15, , , , Barley Sorghum Millet Wheat Brans 2, , , , Rice Paddy, equivalent Roots and Tuber, dry 3, , , , equivalent Pulses Oil crops , Blanks represent no data Trends in annual per capita production of meat, milk and eggs KG/CAPITA/YEAR Meat, total Beef and buffalo meat Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total YEAR FAO AGAL 8

12 4. CONSUMPTION OF MEAT, MILK AND EGGS Trends in annual consumption of meat, milk and eggs 1,000 metric tonnes Product Year Annual growth rate (%) Meat, total 4,992 7,395 13,753 14, Beef and buffalo 2,737 4,117 6,047 6, Sheep and goat Pig 968 1,039 2,417 2, Poultry 1,226 2,117 5,164 5, Milk, total 8,697 12,113 18,312 19, Eggs, total 678 1,099 1,227 1, Trends in annual per capita consumption of meat, milk and eggs 120 KG/CAPITA/YEAR Meat, total Beef and buffalo meat Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total YEAR FAO AGAL 9

13 Production versus consumption for meat, milk and eggs (2002) METRIC TONNES (1,000) Production Consumption PRODUCT Meat, total Beef and buffalo meat Mutton and goat meat Pig meat Poultry meat Milk, total Eggs, total FAO AGAL 10

14 5. TRADE IN LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS Trade in agricultural and livestock 1 products Values in billion US$ Product Exports Imports Total Agricultural % agricultural Livestock % livestock Total trade in goods and services expressed in current US$. Source: World Bank (2002) Agricultural trade refers to all agricultural products, while livestock trade refers to trade in livestock products and live animals. Source: FAO (2005b) Export/import dependency for livestock products Product Exports as percentage of production Imports as percentage of consumption Meat, total Beef and buffalo Sheep and goat Pig Poultry Milk, equivalent Eggs, total Product Net exports as percentage of production Net imports as percentage of consumption Meat, total Beef and buffalo Sheep and goat Pig Poultry Milk, equivalent Eggs, total FAO AGAL 11

15 Trade in live animals Species Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Quantities (count) Cattle and buffaloes 1,339 47,721-46,382 1,412 93,338-91, ,777-52,987 3,664 19,242-15,578 Sheep and goats 32 1,989-1, ,598-6, , , Pigs , Poultry (1,000) ,228 1,770 5,458 6,003 1,464 4,539 Value (1,000 US$) Cattle and buffaloes 1,691 20,873-19,182 1,838 43,167-41, ,067-17, ,731-11,054 Sheep and goats 38 1,204-1, ,634-1, ,378-3, Pigs Poultry (1,000) 1,178 7,156-5,978 1,417 14,210-12,793 3,674 14,132-10,459 2,832 15,106-12,274 Total 2,913 29,501-26,588 3,442 59,595-56,153 3,906 35,702-31,796 3,702 27,450-23,748 Net trade: Exports less Imports Blanks represent no data FAO AGAL 12

16 Trade in livestock products Product Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Export Import Net trade Quantities (metric tonnes) Meat, total 308,701 65, , , , ,677 1,549,663 66,647 1,483,016 3,021,696 69,405 2,952,291 Beef and buffalo 103,562 65,190 38, , ,677-76, ,780 56, , ,924 65, ,228 Mutton and goat ,370-2, ,519-8, ,527-2,522 Pig ,233 2,622 10, , , , ,170 Poultry 170, , , , , ,412 1,726, ,725,605 Other 33, ,257 7, ,379 20, ,212 26, ,393 Milk, equivalent 12, , , , ,952 17,258 1,561,860-1,544, ,573 1,286,410-1,178,837 Eggs, total 9, , ,363-2,272 4, ,242 2, ,588 Hides and skins 445 2,182-1,737 1,694 10,121-8,427 9,631 4,956 4,676 10,851 7,721 3,130 Value (1,000 US$) Meat, total 527,041 90, , , , ,191 1,896, ,689 1,778,393 3,096,444 77,112 3,019,332 Beef and buffalo 267,425 89, , , ,608-39, , , ,990 1,089,924 68,389 1,021,535 Mutton and goat 1, ,651 3,346-1, ,730-12, ,671-5,645 Pig 1, ,907 23,211 2,597 20, ,813 2, , ,832 1, ,680 Poultry 209, , , , , ,474 1,497,768 1,012 1,496,756 Other 47, ,231 5, ,314 19,868 1,207-21,076 22, ,782 Milk, equivalent 5,223 92,066-86, , ,373 13, , ,394 40, , ,495 Eggs, total 9, , ,889-4,266 8,470 5,198 3,272 4,630 8,825-4,195 Hides and skins 470 6,511-6, ,932-13,968 3,686 5,547-1,861 7,231 13,618-6,387 Total 541, , , , , ,584 1,921, ,243 1,402,410 3,148, ,359 2,798,255 Net trade: Exports less Imports Blanks represent no data FAO AGAL 13

17 6. LIVESTOCK HEALTH Total number of cases/outbreaks of selected diseases reported in all susceptible species Disease African swine fever (11/1981) (11/1981) (11/1981) (11/1981) (11/1981) (11/1981) (11/1981) Avian Influenza Bluetongue /2 56/3 (03/2002) BSE CBPP Classical swine fever 974/9 8/1 111/1 168/4 268/12 (08/2001) 97/4 Foot and mouth disease 5,207/ /44 826/44 502/48 1,560/38 (08/2001) (08/2001) Lumpy skin disease Newcastle disease (10/1996) 100/1 1400/3 773/3 (04/2001) (04/2001) Peste des petits ruminants Rift Valley fever Rinderpest (1921) (1921) (1921) (1921) (1921) (1921) (1921) Sheep and goat pox Swine vesicular disease Vesicular stomatitis (08/1996) 380/219 81/27 281/41 14/7 31/2 161/33 1 Highly pathogenic avian influenza 2 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy 3 Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia no/ no number of cases/outbreaks,... no information available, - disease not reported, 000 disease never reported; (month/year) date of the last reported occurrence of the disease in previous years Source: OIE (2004) FAO AGAL 14

18 7. REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING FAO (2001) Agro-ecological Distributions for Africa, Asia and North and Central America, Consultants Report. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. FAO (2005a) FAOSTAT data. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. (accessed July, 2005). FAO (2005b) Global Livestock Production and Health Atlas. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome. (accessed July, 2005). LandScan (2002) Global Population Database. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oakridge. OIE (2004) HANDISTATUS II. Office International des Epizooties, Paris. (accessed July, 2005). UNDP (2004). The Human development Reports, United Nations Development Programme, New York. World Bank (2002) The 2002 World Bank development indicators CD-Rom. The World Bank, Washington DC. FAO AGAL 15