The War to End all Wars. photos courtesy of

Transcription

1 World War I ( ) The War to End all Wars

2 The Stage is Set for War Aim: In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war Should you always support a friend, no matter what he or she does? What might be the risks of refusing to help an ally? What might be the consequences of a war involving all of Europe? What are the reasons countries go to war?

3 World War I

4 The Rise of Nationalism A deep devotion to one s country is called Nationalism Can serve as a unifying force or can cause intense competition b/w nations

5 Problems with Nationalism Competition for materials and markets was one problem England had been the initiator & leader in Europe during the Industrial Revolution The new country of Germany wanted a piece of the industrial pie & started competing with England in industry & its navy

6 Other factors What is it called when stronger countries take over weaker ones to create an empire? The answer is imperialism As European countries continued to compete for an overseas empire in Asia & Africa mistrust & rivalry deepened Why do countries try to obtain colonies?

7 Yet Another Factor Increasing nationalism led to a dangerous European arms race What is the importance of a strong military? The policy of glorifying military power & keeping an army prepared for war was known as militarism

8 Money Spent on Weapons Country Soldiers Money spent in Millions Britain 750,000 50,000,000 France 1,500,000 40,000,000 Germany 8,250,000 60,000,000 Austria 750,000 22,500,000 Russia 1,250,000 15,500,000 Italy 750,000 10,000,000

9 Causes of WWI Nationalism Devotion to one s nation Imperialism Domination by strong nation over a weak nation????? Militarism Glorification of military And the final piece to the puzzle is

10 Shot Rings Throughout Europe June 28, 1914 ~ heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife Sophie went to Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia)

11 War in Europe Allies Great Britain France Russia Italy and Japan joined within weeks Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire join later on in hope to regain lost territories

12 The Stage is Set for War Aim: In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war Should you always support a friend, no matter what he or she does? What might be the risks of refusing to help an ally? What might be the consequences of a war involving all of Europe? What are the reasons countries go to war?

13 Problems with Nationalism Competition for materials and markets was one problem England had been the initiator & leader in Europe during the Industrial Revolution The new country of Germany wanted a piece of the industrial pie & started competing with England in industry & its navy

14 Territorial Disputes France upset at its loss of to Germany during the Franco-Prussian War (1870)

15 Territorial Disputes Germany takes Alsace and Lorriane from France Germany also views as a threat during the war steps into rule & start to grow closer

16 Tangled Alliances I and the army were born for one another forced Germany s chancellor to resign & took complete control Wilhelm ended Germany s treaty with Russia & started to challenge England s empire

17 Territorial Disputes & Russia both tried to dominate in the (region in Southeast Europe) Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians wanted independence

18 Crisis in the Balkans The Ottoman Empire was in decline & some countries declared independence: Serbia wants to expand & absorb all of the Slavic peoples Russia supported Serbian nationalism & AH felt threatened by it ~ AH annexed which had large Slavic populations

19 Shot Rings Throughout Europe ~ heir to the Austrian throne, & his wife Sophie went to Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia)

20 Shot Rings Throughout Europe Unfortunately, both were killed by Princip was a member of the (a secret society committed to getting rid of Austrian rule)

21 Recap of Yesterday Nationalism A&L AH and BH Garvilo Princip Blank Hand Assissantion of Franz Ferdinand

22 Other factors of WWI What is it called when stronger countries take over weaker ones to create an empire? The answer is As European countries continued to compete for an overseas empire in Asia & Africa mistrust & rivalry deepened Why do countries try to obtain colonies?

23 The Scramble for Colonies Africa Before Africa After

24 Yet Another Factor Increasing nationalism led to a dangerous European arms race What is the importance of a strong military? The policy of glorifying military power & keeping an army prepared for war was known as

25 Money Spent on Weapons Country Soldiers Money spent in Millions Britain 750,000 50,000,000 France 1,500,000 40,000,000 Germany 8,250,000 60,000,000 Austria 750,000 22,500,000 Russia 1,250,000 15,500,000 Italy 750,000 10,000,000

26 Causes of WWI Nationalism Devotion to one s nation Imperialism Domination by strong nation over a weak nation Assisination Militarism Glorification of military MAIN military, assisination, imperialism, and nationalism

27 War in Europe Allies Italy and Japan joined within weeks Central Powers Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire join later on in hope to regain lost territories

28 Results of Assassination/What happens Next? Austria declares war on Germany declares war on and Remember AH and Germany working together Remember Russia and Serbia working together Remember GB and France vs. Germany GB declares war on Because Germany invades a neutral Belgium Sides are decided for the War

29 War Consumes Europe One European nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized war that resulted in many casualties

30 War Consumes Europe Germany was faced with a two front war Germany s plan called for an attack on France first & then go after the Russians (who lacked many railroads to quickly travel) This was known as the

31 War in Europe was vital to Germans plan France had troops all along their borders w/ Germany Knowing it would be slow to break through found a new route through Belgium being neutral refused to allow Germany to pass through, and as a result Germany invaded Belgium

32 Schlieffen Plan and Plan XVII was the French offensive into Alsace and Lorraine, in which it was imagined that French élan (fighting spirit) would carry the offensive

33 Stalemate along Western Front Germany was in a deadlock along boarders of France = Western Front Allies attacked the Germans northeast of Paris Over rushed Allied reinforcements from Paris to the battle An important battle because it ruined the Schlieffen Plan

34 War Consumes Europe 1. AH blamed Serbia for the murders of the archduke and his wife and made harsh demands in Serbia 2. Serbia agreed to some demands while allowed others to be determined by international conference 3. AH declared war on Serbia on July Russia, A Slavic nation and friend of Serbia, mobilized (prepared) its forces in preparation of war 5. Germany, an ally of AH, declared war on Russia 6. Germany declared war on France, an ally of Russia 7. Germany invaded Belgium on, so that German forces could enter France more easily The machinery of war has been set in motion.

35 Recap of Yesterday Imperialism Militarism Allies Central Powers Schlieffen Plan 1 st Battle of the Marne

36 War Consumes Europe 1. AH blamed for the murders of the archduke and his wife and made harsh demands in Serbia 2. Serbia agreed to some demands while allowed others to be determined by international conference (they don t meet demands) 3. declared war on Serbia on July Russia, A Slavic nation and friend of, mobilized (prepared) its forces in preparation of war 5. Germany, an ally of, declared war on 6. Germany declared war on, an ally of 7. Germany invaded Belgium on, so that German forces could enter France more easily 8. Schlieffen Plan ruined and gain victory (Germans underestimated the French) 9. Marked the beginning of static lines/warfare for WWI The machinery of war has been set in motion.

37 Battle of Marne Leads to Trench Warfare The had underestimated the in the Battle of Marne The Germans withdraw northward from the Marne and made a defensive stand along the They used the shelter of the against the Allies The First Battle of Aisne marked the real beginning of on the Western Front

38 What is Trench Warfare? Trenches were cut through in Europe to protect troops from deadly artillery and machine-gun fire. Firing trenches were backed by cover trenches, which provided a second line of defense in case enemies overran the firing trench. Each was about 1.8 to 2.5 m (6 to 8 ft) deep. Off-duty troops lived in dugouts in the support trenches. moved to the front through a network of reserve and communications trenches. Between the trenches of opposing forces lay. Crossing no-man s-land often resulted in death, because it was strewn with barbed wire and open to the sights of enemy guns

39 Stalemate along Western Front Soldiers began digging to protect themselves from enemy fire Trench warfare allowed for a slow drawn out war (stalemate)

40 Trench Warfare Life in the trenches was not easy The space between trenches was known as Many times soldiers would go over the top to be met with machine gun fire

41 The Trenches

42 The trenches

43 A Terrain of Death New & improved weapons (machine gun, poison gas, armored tanks, larger artillery) helped to kill many soldiers but did not speed up the war over 300,000 killed about 500,000 killed

44 A Terrain of Death

45 Big Bertha Hurled one-ton shells a distance of more than 15 km (9 mi)

46 Battle of Verdun 1916 The battle of the war vs. France and Britain Estimated in casulaties Symbol of French determination and self sacrifice nearly wins back all territory it had lost

47 Battle of the Somme Days of Horror Fought in British and the French vs.

48 Battle of Marne Trench Warfare No Man s Land Terrain of Death Battle of Verdun Battle of Somme Recap of Yesterday:

49 Eastern Front Germany and AH gain the advantage over Russia after both the and also in the Russia s war effort was near collapse because it had yet to become industrialized! Central Powers controlled sea routes to Russia = Allies were unable to send supplies

50 War Affects the World AIM: World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many governments By early 1915, the U.S. was the remaining neutral super power = making this a truly global conflict Allies felt that attacking a region known as the ( ), that it could sack Constantinople (capital) and open up a supple line for Russia ( ) In the end the stalemate continues and the Allies give up the campaign

51 The United States Enters Germany announces that their submarines would sink any ship in the waters around G.B. ( ) Please don t sink us!

52 The United States Enters Passenger ship sunk by German U-boat resulting in 128 U.S. casualties Germany eventually backed down but started again, hoping its blockade would starve Britain long enough before the U.S. could mobilize

53 The United States Enters February 1917, the British intercept a telegram ( ) It said that would help Mexico reconquer the land it had lost to the U.S. if Mexico would ally itself with Germany Many Americans already sided with the Allies because: (ancestry and language) (economic ties) the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies

54 War Affects the Home Front Map of World with Participants in World War I - in green in orange - neutral The war affected everyone. It becomes a in grey (countries devoted all their resources to the war effort) People gave up rights to their perspective governments Factories changed, unemployment disappeared, people from colonies were utilized as well

55 War Affects the Home Front So many goods in short supply that governments turned to Governments also limited anything that opposed the war Governments also used (one sided information designed to persuade & keep up morale & support for the war)