The Respiratory System

Transcription

1 Work Hard. Get Smart. On Task 100% Effort Physician s Name: Class: 8 Date: Pen/Pencil Mrs. Bouchard 8 th On time Grade Science Academic Language 1. The respiratory system. It from the outside environment. It also The Respiratory System and water vapor (aka gas). Total: / 4 2. Your cells to break down food to. This is! That s why it s called the respiratory system! 2. Respiration also and water, which your cells. 3. Class-Ending Think-Pair-Share Think (1) Pair (2)

2 The Respiratory System: Reading Activity! DIRECTIONS: Read below with your partner, switching who is the reader and who is the summarizer each paragraph. The cloud should contain the MAIN IDEA of each paragraph. Breathe in. Breathe out. No, you re not trying to stay calm. You re practicing using your respiratory system! Your respiratory system is responsible for exchanging gases with the outside environment. Oxygen comes in, and helps your cells make energy through respiration. Carbon dioxide and water are breathed out. So, how does the air actually travel through your body? Air has to pass through many different organs and passageways when you breathe. As air enters your body, it passes through the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and finally into your alveoli. Air enters the body through the nose. Once it enters the nose, it moves into spaces inside called nasal cavities. Some cells in the nasal cavities produce mucus, a sticky substance that moistens the air. You ve seen mucus before it s the stuff you see when you blow your nose! Your nose is also responsible for getting rid of dangerous materials. Sticky mucus traps dangerous particles such as dust. Also, the cells that line the nasal cavities also have cilia, which look like small hairs. Cilia sweep the mucus into the throat, where you swallow it, allowing stomach acid to destroy anything dangerous. After the nose, air moves into the pharnyx (fair-inks). The pharynx is the scientific name for your throat. Both food and air can move down the pharynx. To make sure you don t choke when you eat, a small flap of tissue called the epiglottis closes, shutting off the respiratory system. Food moves on to the esophagus, while air moves on to the trachea (tray-key-uh).

3 The trachea is the scientific name for your windpipe. If you pick your chin up and run your fingers down your throat, you can actually feel your trachea! It feels like a tube with a bunch of ridges on it. Just like the nose, the trachea is lined with mucus and cilia. The cilia in the trachea sweep upward, moving mucus toward the pharynx, where it can get swallowed. The cilia and mucus continue the cleaning and moistening of air that started in the nose! The trachea splits into two shorter tubes called bronchi (bron-key). The bronchi are passages that move air into the lungs. The left bronchus (the word for one bronchi ) enters the left lung, while the right bronchus enters the right lung. The lungs, as you may know, are the main organs of the respiratory system. Inside the lungs, each bronchus splits into smaller and smaller tubes; this looks like the branches of a tree. At the end of the smallest tubes are tiny structures called alveoli (al-vee-oh-lee). These alveoli are tiny sacs of lung tissue that look like bunches of grapes. Each alveolus (the name for one aleveoli ) is surrounded by capillaries very tiny blood vessels. The blood in those capillaries picks up the oxygen you ve breathed in, and carries it to your whole body! At the same time, the blood drops off carbon dioxide your cells have made as a waste product, and it leaves the body the same way oxygen came in! This diagram shows how the bronchi get smaller and smaller until you get alveoli at the very ends of the smallest tubes. This is all within your lungs! This diagram shows how gases are exchanged in the alveoli. Oxygen (O2) enters the bloodstream and is carried all over the body. Carbon dioxide (CO2) leaves the blood so it can be exhaled and leave the body. Citation: Some text adapted from Life Science, Prentiss Hall 2005.

4 Level 1: Which Part of the System? 1. What is the main job of your respiratory system? 2. What is the correct order of the organs of the respiratory system? Answer by completing the diagram below. WORD BANK: bronchi, nose, trachea, lungs, pharynx Which part of the respiratory system is being described? WORD BANK: bronchi, nose, trachea, lungs, pharynx, alveoli a. The main organs of the respiratory system. Within each, a bronchus splits into smaller and smaller tubes. b. The scientific name for your windpipe. Just like the nose, it s lined with mucus and cilia to clean the air that enters your body. c. Where air enters the body. It has cavities filled with mucus that trap dangerous particles. This cleans the air you breathe! d. Tiny sacs of lung tissue that look like bunches of grapes. Each one is surrounded by blood vessels that pick up oxygen to carry it to the body, or drop off carbon dioxide to be exhaled and leave the body. e. The scientific name for your throat. Both food and air can enter it, so it has a flap of tissue that covers the rest of the respiratory system when you eat so you don t choke. f. Two passages that move air into the lungs. Once they enter the lungs, they split into smaller tubes, like branches of a tree. Go Check Answer Key #1

5 Level 2: Short Answer 1. In order, what are the five major structures of the respiratory system? 2. How does your nose protect you from harmful particles in the air? You must USE and EXPLAIN the words mucus and cilia! 3. If food and air can both go through your pharynx, why don t you choke when you eat? 4. How is your trachea similar to your nose? What do they both do to air you breathe? 5. The image below and to the left shows lungs, bronchi and alveoli. How are they connected? 6. The image below and to the right shows what happens in the alveoli. Explain the image! Go Check Answer Key #2

6 Level 3: Systems Review 1. Which system is being described? WORD BANK: skeletal system, muscular system, digestive system, respiratory system a. It breaks down food into tiny molecules, both for energy and for materials for growth. b. It exchanges gases between the body and the outside environment. c. It allows your body to move, and your organs to move and work. d. It protects and supports your body, allows you to move, makes red blood cells and stores nutrients. 2. Which system does each picture represent? WORD BANK: skeletal system, muscular system, digestive system, respiratory system 3. Which word is being described? WORD BANK: joint, smooth muscle, alveoli, esophagus a. The tiny groups of lung tissue that give oxygen to your blood. b. A place in the body where two bones come together, allowing you to move. c. I m a muscular tube that pushes food from the mouth to the stomach. d. Involuntary muscles that help your organs work (like your stomach). CHECK ANSWER KEY #3!