Epidemiology of HIV in NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection up to 31 December 2013
|
|
- Bethany Burke
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Epidemiology of HIV in NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection up to December 0 Sections Page Summary Time trend in the HIV epidemic in NSW 4 Demographics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV 6 4 HIV risk exposure characteristics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV to December 0 HIV testing history and timeliness of diagnosis in NSW residents newly diagnosed 6 Type of doctors newly diagnosing HIV 8 7 Uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) within six months of 0 diagnosis and impact on HIV viral load 8 Local health district of residence level data 4 9 Data on female NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV 8 infection to December 0 0 Data on child NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection to December 0 4
2 . Summary Since the mid-980s HIV infection has been a notifiable condition under the NSW Public Health Act. HIV reference laboratories are required to report all confirmed HIV infections to NSW Health using national case definitions. Laboratories must also send a Notification of HIV infection form to the diagnosing doctor to inform them their patient was confirmed to be HIV-infected and seek detailed demographical, clinical and HIV risk behaviour information about the patient. Doctors are required to complete the epidemiological information on the case form and forward it to NSW Health. Data are entered into the NSW HIV database and analysed to monitor and understand the epidemic and provide evidence based information for public health action. The Notification of HIV infection form was modified so that in 0 for the first time treatment information and viral load would be reportable at the time of diagnosis. In this report we include notifications on NSW residents (based on reported postcode of residence at the time of diagnosis) newly diagnosed with HIV up to December 0. In 0, 4 NSW residents were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and notified to NSW Health, which was a 4% increase on the previous five year mean for 008 to 0 (n=4). The agestandardised rate of new diagnoses per 00,000 in 0 was 4.9 per 00,000. The age-standardised rate of new diagnoses has been largely stable for more than ten years. Of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, 0 (%) were aged 0 to 9 years, 0 (9%) were 0 to 9 years, 90 (%) were 0 to 9 years, 89 (%) were 40 to 49 years and 64 (8%) were 0 years and over. Compared with the 008 to 0 five year mean, in 0 the number of new diagnoses declined in 0 to 9 year olds (%) and rose in those 0 years and over (%). In 0 the age group specific rates per 00,000 of new diagnoses were similar for the age groups 0 to 9, 0 to 9 and 40 to 49 years. In 0, 9% of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV were male, similar to the 008 to 0 five year mean (9%). In 0,.% of all NSW residents newly diagnosed were reported as being Aboriginal people, the same proportion as for the five year mean 008 to 0. However among women newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, the proportion who were Aboriginal people (.%) was about four-fold the proportion of the NSW female population estimated to be Aboriginal people (.%, Census 0). In 0, 4% of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection had been born in Australia, similar to the 008 to 0 five year mean (6%). In 0, (%) of the people newly diagnosed resided in South Eastern Sydney (SES) Local Health District (LHD), similar to the 008 to 0 five year mean ( people). A further 90 (%) of the 0 new diagnoses resided in Sydney LHD, also similar to the five year mean (88 people) (Figure 7). The age-standardised rates in SES and Sydney LHDs were very similar and much higher than the rates for all other LHDs. In the other LHDs, the main observed increases in the number of new diagnoses in 0 compared with the 008 to 0 five year mean, were in South Western Sydney (SWS) LHD and Hunter New England (HNE) LHD. Most LHDs other than SES and Sydney LHD had similar age-standardised rates. Of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, 78 (79%) were reported to be men who have sex with men (MSM), 6 (7%) reported heterosexual contact as their HIV risk exposure, 8 (%) reported being a person who injected drugs (PWID), (%) had an unknown or unreported HIV risk
3 exposure, one case was acquired through mother to child transmission (MTC) that had occurred overseas and one case was acquired through an other type of exposure. This was a similar pattern compared to the 008 to 0 five year period (MSM 78%; Hetero-sex 7%; PWID %; and MTC, other and unknown each 0%). Independent of where born, of all 4 people newly diagnosed in 0, (64%) likely acquired HIV in Australia, 7 (%) likely acquired HIV overseas and 4 (%) were unknown. Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, 0 (0%) reportedly tested HIV negative within months of diagnosis, the same proportion as for the 008 to 0 five year period. In 0 7% of NSW residents newly diagnosed reportedly had never had a HIV test prior to diagnosis, slightly more than % for 008 to 0. Among the 78 MSM newly diagnosed in 0, 0 (7%) reportedly tested HIV negative within months of diagnosis and 7% had never had a HIV test prior to diagnosis, similar to that for MSM between 008 to 0. Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, (6%) had evidence of late diagnosis, the same proportion with evidence of late diagnosis between 008 and 0. Evidence of late diagnosis was defined as a CD4 count less than 0 cells/µl or an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis, in the absence of a laboratory confirmed negative HIV test in the months prior to diagnosis. General medical practitioners unspecialised in HIV (GP non-art prescriber) made 9 (9%) of the new diagnoses in NSW residents in 0 and they referred two thirds of these people to sexual health clinics for ongoing management of HIV. Doctors in sexual health clinics (SHC) made 0 (9%) of the new diagnoses and retained most of these clients. General medical practitioners specialised in HIV and specially registered to prescribe antiretroviral therapy (GP s00) made (6%) of the new diagnoses in 0 and retained most of these clients. Doctors within hospital settings made 4 (%) of the new diagnoses and retained or referred most of these within the hospital setting. A few (9) people were diagnosed by immigration services and most were referred to sexual health clinics for follow up. Data on antiretroviral therapy (ART) commencement, CD4 count and viral load at least six months post diagnosis are now collected via prescribing doctors who complete a standardised HIV sixmonthly follow up form. Of the 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, (88%) had a sixmonthly follow-up form completed by their prescribing doctors at the time of this analysis. Of these new diagnoses in 0, 49% () had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and 60% (86) had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Of the newly diagnosed persons for whom six monthly follow-up forms were available, 0 had results available for CD4 count at diagnosis. Of those with a CD4 count less than 00 cells/µl at diagnosis, 84% had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further eight per cent had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Of those with a CD4 count at diagnosis between 0 and 00 cells/µl, 8.% (84) had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further.8% (7) had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Of the newly diagnosed people in 0 on ART at six-monthly follow up, 00 had post ART viral load results available. Post ART viral load was undetectable ( 0 copies/ml) in 6 people (8.%).
4 Number of new diagnoses Age standardised rate per 00,000. Time trend of the HIV epidemic in NSW The number of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection peaked in 987 at 66 notifications (8. new diagnoses per 00,000 population), a couple of years after the first test for HIV became widely available. In the ensuing ten years notifications of new diagnoses decreased considerably (Figure ). By 997, the year after triple therapy antiretroviral regimens became available to treat HIV infection, the new diagnoses count was down to 44, and since then the annual new diagnoses count has not exceeded this level, with 00 having the lowest new diagnoses count (07) to date. The rise in cases in 0 (n=409) was predominantly among men who have sex with men resident in inner metro Sydney (and South Western Sydney) with a higher proportion in early stage infection (see Figure 7, and 6). In 0, 4 NSW residents were newly diagnosed with HIV infection and notified to NSW Health, which was a 4% increase on the previous five year mean for 008 to 0 (n=4) (Figure ). The age-standardised rate of new diagnoses per 00,000 in 0 was 4.9 per 00,000. The age standardised rate of new diagnoses has been stable for more than ten years, with the only significant rise being between the rates for the years 00 and 0 (Figure and Table ). Figure. Number and age standardised rate per 00,000 of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 98 to December : SSO* promotes condoms 984: HIV test; homsexuality decriminalised in NSW 986: Blood screening 987: Mono therapy for HIV 988: NSW Needle and syringe program roll out : Dual therapy for HIV 996: Triple therapy for HIV (HAART). Prostitution decriminalised in NSW Number new diagnoses Lower 9% CI Age standardised rate Upper 9% CI Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Rates were age-standardised using the Australian population as at 0 June 00. 4
5 Table. Number and age standardised rate per 00,000 (9% Confidence Intervals [CI]) of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 98 to December 0 Number new HIV diagnoses Age standardised rate Lower 9% CI Upper 9% CI Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04
6 . Demographics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV Of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, 0 (%) were aged 0 to 9 years, 0 (9%) were 0 to 9 years, 90 (%) were 0 to 9 years, 89 (%) were 40 to 49 years and 64 (8%) were 0 years and over. Compared with the 008 to 0 five year period, in 0 the number of new diagnoses declined in 0 to 9 year olds (% for 008 to 0) and rose in those 0 years and over (% for 008 to 0) (Figure ). In 0 the age group specific rates per 00,000 of new diagnoses were similar for the age groups 0 to 9, 0 to 9 and 40 to 49 years (Figure ). Figure. Number of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 by age at diagnosis to 9 years 0 to 9 years 0 to 9 years 40 to 49 years 0 years and over Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 6
7 Age group specific rate per Figure. Age group specific rates per 00,000 population for new diagnoses of HIV infection January 004 to December Rates were age-standardised using the Australian population as at 0 June 00. In 0, 9% of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV were male, similar to 9% for the 008 to 0 five year period (9%) (Figure 4). The rise in male cases in 0 was predominantly among men who have sex with men resident in inner metro Sydney with a high proportion in early stage infection (see Figure 7, and 6). The number and proportion of infections in females per year remains steady; 8% of people newly diagnosed in 0 were female, similar to 9% for 008 to 0. In 0,.% of NSW residents newly diagnosed were reported as being Aboriginal people, the same proportion as for the five year period 008 to 0 (Figure ). In the 0 Census it was estimated that Aboriginal people comprised.% of the NSW population. However there is a differential in the burden of new HIV diagnoses when gender and Aboriginal people status are examined together. Among 4 males newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, (.%) were Aboriginal people, compared with.% from 008 to 0. Among 7 females newly diagnosed in 0, (.%) were Aboriginal people, compared with 4% from 008 to 0. Aboriginal women comprise an excessive proportion of new HIV diagnoses among women relative to percentage of women in NSW estimated to be Aboriginal people (.%, 0 Census). 7
8 Percentage of new diagnoses Number of new diagnoses Figure 4. Number of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 by gender Male Female Transgender Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Figure. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 by reported Aboriginal person status 00% 90% % 70% 60% 0% 40% Not stated Non-Aboriginal person Aboriginal person 0% 0% 0% 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 8
9 Number of new diagnoses In 0, 4% of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection were born in Australia, similar to the 008 to 0 five year period (6%) (Figure 6 and Table ). Figure 6. Place of birth of NSW residents newly diagnosed January 004 to December Born in Australia Born overseas Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Table. Region of birth* of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 and comparison with the 008 to 0 five year mean Region of birth 0 % mean % % change Australia 90 4% 90. 6% 0% South-East Asia 44 %.4 0% % Oceania 4 7% 4% 60% North-East Asia 6% 4.4 4% % Central and South America 0 6% 0.6 % 89% North-West Europe 6 %.8 7% -% Sub-Saharan Africa 9 %. 4% -4% North Africa & Middle East 9 % 6. % 4% Southern & Eastern Europe 6 % 0. % -4% Northern America %.6 % -% Southern and Central Asia %.8 % -4% Caribbean 0 0% 0.8 0% -00% Unknown 4 % 9.8 % -9% Total 4 00% 4 00% 4% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 * Regions of birth. See Australian Bureau of Statistics, Standard Australian Classification of Countries (SACC). ** Region of birth (ABS SACC); Australia, Oceania and Antarctica, North-West Europe, Southern and Eastern Europe, North Africa and The Middle East, South-East Asia, North-East Asia, Southern and Central Asia, Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa. The top ten countries of birth for NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, after Australia (N=90), were New Zealand (6), Philippines (4), Brazil (), Thailand (0), China (0), United Kingdom (9), Indonesia (9), Fiji (7), Malaysia (6) and United States of America () and Vietnam () ranked tenth. 9
10 Age-adjusted rate per 00,000 Number of new diagnoses In 0, (%) people newly diagnosed were resident in South Eastern Sydney (SES) Local Health District (LHD), similar to the 008 to 0 five year mean ( people). A further 90 (%) of the 0 new diagnoses resided in Sydney LHD, also similar to the 008 to 0 five year mean (88 people) (Figure 7). The age-standardised rates in SES and Sydney LHDs were very similar and much higher than the rates for all other LHDs (Figure 8 and 0). The increased number of notifications in 0 mainly occurred among MSM resident in SES and Sydney LHD, with a higher proportion than normal in early stage infection (see Figure 7, and 6). Figure 7. Number of people newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 resident in South Eastern Sydney (SES) and Sydney local health districts (LHD) SES LHD Sydney LHD Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Figure 8. Age-standardised rates per 00,000 population of new HIV diagnoses January 004 to December 0 among residents of South Eastern Sydney (SES) and Sydney LHD SES LHD Sydney LHD Rates were age-standardised using the Australian population as at 0 June 00. 0
11 Number of new diagnoses In the other LHDs, the main observed increases in the number of new diagnoses at LHD level in 0 compared with the 008 to 0 five year mean, were in South Western Sydney (SWS) LHD (% increase) and Hunter New England (HNE) LHD (9% increase) (Figure 9). From 004 to 0 the age standardised rate of new diagnoses within each LHD has remained stable and not varied up or down significantly (data not shown). Figure 9. Number of people newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 resident in other LHDs* Northern Sydney Western Sydney South Western Sydney Hunter New England Illawarra Shoalhaven Central Coast Northern NSW Nepean Blue Mountains Mid North Coast Western NSW Southern NSW Murrumbidgee-Albury Far West Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *excludes 0 cases of unknown LHD of residence Age standardised rates per 00,000 of new diagnoses per LHD in 0 were similar in Sydney and SES LHDs and higher compared with all other LHDs (Figure 0). Age standardised rates per 00,000 of new diagnoses in LHDs other than Sydney and SES LHDs were mostly similar (Figure 0).
12 Figure 0. Age-standardised rates per 00,000 of new HIV diagnoses in 0 among residents in each of the local health districts (LHD) Sydney South Eastern Sydney South Western Sydney Mid North Coast Northern Sydney Western Sydney Southern NSW Hunter New England Illawarra Shoalhaven Northern NSW Central Coast Western NSW Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Far West NSW* Age Standardised Rate (per 00,000) Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Rates were age-standardised using the Australian population as at 0 June 00. At a cruder geographical level than the LHD, in 0, of 4 (6%) people newly diagnosed resided in inner metro Sydney (SES and Sydney LHDs), 96 (7%) in outer metro Sydney (Northern Sydney, South Western Sydney, Western Sydney, Central Coast, Illawarra Shoalhaven and Nepean Blue Mountains LHDs) and 4 (%) in regional or rural NSW (Far West, Hunter New England, Mid North Coast, Murrumbidgee, Northern NSW, Southern NSW and Western NSW LHDs) (Figure ). The age-standardised rate of new diagnoses per 00,000 population for outer metro Sydney are similar to that for regional or rural NSW (Figure ).
13 Age-adjusted rate per 00,000 Number of new diagnoses Figure. Number of people newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0* by area of residence** Inner metro Sydney LHD Outer metro Sydney LHD Regional or rual LHD Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *excludes 0 cases of unknown LHD of residence. **Inner metro LHDs: South Eastern Sydney, Sydney; Outer metro LHDs: Northern Sydney, South Western Sydney, Western Sydney, Central Coast, Illawarra Shoalhaven, Nepean Blue Mountains; Rural & Regional LHDs: Far West, Hunter New England, Mid North Coast, Murrumbidgee, Northern NSW, Southern NSW, Western NSW Figure. Age-standardised rate per 00,000 population of new HIV diagnoses January 004 to December 0* by area of residence** 0 Inner metro Sydney Outer metro Sydney 0 Regional or rural NSW NSW Rates were age-standardised using the Australian population as at 0 June 00.
14 Table. Tabulated demographic characteristics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection by year of diagnosis, to December 0 Characteristics Gender n= % n=4 % n=07 % n=0 % n=409 % n=4 % n=69 % Male 9 90.% % 8 9.9% % 7 9.0% 4 9.% 9 9.9% Female 9.8% 9.7% 7.% 6.4% 6 8.8% 7 7.6% % Transgender 0 0.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0 0.0% 0.% 0.8% 47.% Unknown 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 8 0.% Aboriginal person status Aboriginal 8.% 9.7% 7.%.%.7% 8.% 4 0.9% person Non-Aboriginal 0 9.6% 94.% % 97.6% 9 9.6% 4 96.% % person Not stated 6 4.9% 0.0% 9.9% 0.9% 7.7%.4% 69 4.% Age group (years) 0 to % 0.% 0.% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 40 0.% to % 0.% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0 to % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.% to 9 0.9% 0.9%.6% 6.8% 9.% 9.% 0.8% 0 to 4 9.0% 4 0.% 9 9.4% 4 0.% % 7 0.% 0.% to % 7 7.% 6 8.% 6 7.0% % 64 8.% 7 9.8% 0 to 4 44.% 4.9% % % 70 7.% 48.6% 8 0.0% to % 8 7.4% 44 4.% 9 7.9% 6.4% 4.9% 8 6.7% 40 to % 7 7.% 6.9% 44.% 47.% 44.4% 07.% 4 to % 0 9.0% 0 9.8% 6 7.9% 8 9.% 4.7% 08 7.% 0 to % 8 8.4% 7.% 7.6% 8 6.8% 7.% 7 4.% to 9 0.%.6% 7.% 0.0% 4.4% 6.% 409.4% 60 to % 0.%.6% 0.6%.% 6.7% 09.% 6 to % 4.% 6.0% 0.6% 4.0% 9.% 7 0.7% 70 to %.% 0.% 0.% 0 0.0% 0.% 4 0.% 7 to % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.% 0.7% 0.% 0 0.% 80 to % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 6 0.0% 8 to % 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.0% 90 and over 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.0% Unknown 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 86 0.% LHD of residence SES 7 6.0% 08.% 0.8% 8 8.8% 0 6.7%.% 79.% Sydney % % 77.% 8.% 7.% 90.4% 70 6.% Northern Sydney 7.7% 8.4% 9 6.% 4 7.%.6%) 6 7.% 97.% Western Sydney 6 8.0% 6.6% 0 6.% 9.4% 6.% 6 7.% 667.9% SWS 6 4.9% 6.% 7.% 8.% 7.6% 9 8.% 9.% Hunter New 4 4.% 6 4.8% 6.% 0.0% 4.4% 8.% 46.6% England Nepean Blue 7.% 0.9%.0% 4.%.% 0.8% 47.% Mountains Illawarra Shoalhaven 0.9%.% 8.6%.% 9.% 7.0%.% Central Coast 6.8%.%.6% 4.% 0.4%.4% 8.% Northern NSW 4.% 4.% 9.9%.%.%.4% 80.% Mid North Coast 8.% 6.8%.0% 4.% 0.7% 6.7% 0.8% Western NSW 0.9% 0.9% 4.% 0.9% 7.7%.4% 6 0.7% Murrumbidgee 0.9% 0.% 6.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6% 7 0.% Southern NSW 0.9% 6.8% 0.% 0.6% 7.7% 4.% 0 0.% Albury 0 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0.% Far West 0 0.0% 0.6% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.% 0 0.0% 8 0.0% Justice Health 0.% 0.% 0.% 0 0.0% 0.% 0.% 0.0% Unknown.4% 0.6% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% % Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 4
15 Number of new diagnoses 4. HIV risk exposure characteristics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV to December 0 Of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0, 78 (79%) were reported to be men who have sex with men (MSM), 6 (7%) reported heterosexual contact (HETS or hetero-sex) as their HIV risk exposure, 8 (%) reported being a person who injected drugs (PWID), (%) had an unknown or unreported HIV risk exposure, one case was acquired through mother to child transmission (MTC) that had occurred overseas and one case was acquired through an other type of exposure (Figure ). This was a similar pattern compared to the 008 to 0 five year period (MSM 78%; Hetero-sex 7%; PWID %; and MTC, other and unknown each 0%) (Table ). Figure. Number of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 by self-reported HIV risk exposure Men who have sex with men (MSM) Hetero-sex only 00 0 Person who injected drugs (PWID) 00 Mother to child transmision Other Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August Table. HIV risk exposure reported by NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV to December 0 Characteristics HIV risk group n= % n=4 % n=07 % n=0 % n=409 % n=4 % n=69 % MSM 6 7.6% 0 6.9% 8 74.% 68 8.% % % % MSM + inject.4% 7.% 8.6% 0.0%.9% 4 4.0% 47.8% drugs Hetero-sex % 7.% 6.6% 4.4% 7.9% 6 7.% 7 9.0% PWID.7%.% 9.9% 8.4% 0.4% 8.% 49.% Haemophilia, 0 0.0% 0.% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 76.6% coagulation disorders, blood tissue recipient MTC 0 0.0% 0.6% 0.% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0.% 4 0.% Other 0 0.0% 0.6% 0.% 0.% 0.% 0.% 4 0.% Unknown 0.6% 6.8% 9.9% 0.6% 0.4%.4% 44 0.%
16 Percentage of new diagnoses Independent of where born, of all 4 people newly diagnosed in 0, (64%) likely acquired HIV in Australia, 7 (%) likely acquired HIV overseas and for 4 (%) place of acquisition was unknown. Of 90 people newly diagnosed who were born in Australia, 4 (7%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and (%) likely acquired HIV overseas (Figure 4). Of people newly diagnosed who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of % or more ( high prevalence ), 6 (9%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and (%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Of 9 people newly diagnosed who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of less than % ( low prevalence ), 74 (%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and 4 (%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Figure 4. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 (n=4) by where infection was likely acquired in those born in Australia or overseas 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Born in Australia 6 Born OS HIV prev >% 4 74 Born OS HIV prev <=% Born Australia or overseas (OS) Unknown Unknown Acquired overseas Acquired in Australia Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 6
17 Percentage of new diagnoses Independent of where born, of 78 MSM newly diagnosed in 0, 9 (69%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and 4 (%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Of 6 MSM newly diagnosed who were born in Australia, (78%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and (7%) likely acquired HIV overseas (Figure ). Of 4 MSM newly diagnosed who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of % or more ( high prevalence ), (6%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and (6%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Of 06 MSM newly diagnosed who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of less than % ( low prevalence ), 6 (9%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and (4%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Figure. Percentage of all NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 and who reported being MSM (n=78), by where infection was likely acquired in those born in Australia or overseas 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4 Born in Australia 4 Born OS HIV prev >% 8 6 Born OS HIV prev <=% Born Australia or overseas (OS) Unknown Acquired overseas Acquired in Australia Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 7
18 Percentage of new diagnoses Independent of where born, of 6 heterosexually acquired HIV new diagnoses, (4%) were likely acquired HIV in Australia and (%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Of 6 heterosexually acquired HIV new diagnoses who were born in Australia, 4 (4%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and 0 (8%) likely acquired HIV overseas (Figure 6). Of 7 heterosexually acquired HIV new diagnoses who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of % or more ( high prevalence ), (4%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and 6 (86%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Of 8 heterosexually acquired HIV new diagnoses who were born in a country with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate of less than % ( low prevalence ), 0 (6%) likely acquired HIV in Australia and 6 (7%) likely acquired HIV overseas. Figure 6. Percentage NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 with reported heterosexual exposure to HIV (n=6), by where infection was likely acquired in those born in Australia or overseas 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0 4 Born in Australia 6 Born OS HIV prev >% 6 0 Born OS HIV prev <=% Born Australia or overseas (OS) Unknown Acquired overseas Acquired in Australia Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 8
19 Number of new diagnoses Number of new diagnoses While numbers remain low, in 0, there is a small increase in the number of Australian born, heterosexually acquired new diagnoses who acquired their infection overseas (Figure 7). Figure 7. Number of NSW newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 born in Australia and who reported heterosexual exposure to HIV, by place likely infected Acquired Australia Acquired overseas Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 Most new diagnoses in Australian born MSM in 0 were acquired in Australia (Figure 8). Figure 8. Number of NSW newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 born in Australia and who reported being MSM, by place likely infected Acquired Australia Acquired overseas Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 9
20 Table 4. Demographics of the main affected risk groups and all newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 and a comparison with the 008 to 0 five year mean mean mean mean mean MSM MSM HETS HETS PWID PWID All All Number n=78 % n=66 % n=6 % n=8 % n=8 % n=0 % n=4 n=4 Gender Male 7 99% % 7 6%. 4% 7 88% % Female 0 0% % % %.6 6% 7 0. Transgender % 0% 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Age in years 0 to 9 6 %.8 % %. % 0 0% 0 0% to 9 9 % 76. 9% 8 %.8 7% %.8 8% to 9 7 6% 89 4% 4 % 7. 0% %.4 4% to % 6.4 % 7 8%. % 6% 0% and over 4 %. % 9 %. 9% 0 0% 0.8 8% Aboriginal person Yes Aboriginal %.8 % 8% % %. % 8 8 person No 7 98%. 9% 6 9%.6 97% 7 88% % 4 4 Not stated 4 % 7.6 % 0% % 0% 0. % 9 Place of birth Australia 6 6% % 6 4% 0.6 6% 6 7% % High prev. 4 % 0.8 4% 7 % 6.8 9% 0 0% 0. % 9. country* Low prev. country 06 8% 86.4 % 8 46% 9 % %.4 4% 9.8 Unknown % 8.6 % 0%. % % 0 0% Area of residence**: Inner metro 8 67% % 6% 6 8% 4 0%.4 4% 0.4 Sydney Outer metro 67 4%. 0% 4% 0.8 % %.8 8% Sydney Regional and 9% 4 9% % 0.4 8% 0 %. % rural NSW Other 0%.6 % % 0.4 % 0 0% 0.6 6% 4 Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *High prevalence country refers to countries with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate % or over; Low prevalence country refers to countries with a general HIV adult prevalence estimate less than % **Inner metro LHDs: South Eastern Sydney, Sydney; Outer metro LHDs: Northern Sydney, South Western Sydney, Western Sydney, Central Coast, Illawarra Shoalhaven, Nepean Blue Mountains; Rural & Regional LHDs: Far West, Hunter New England, Mid North Coast, Murrumbidgee, Northern NSW, Southern NSW, Western NSW 0
21 Table. Other characteristics of the main affected risk groups and all newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 and a comparison with the 008 to 0 five year mean mean mean mean mean MSM MSM HETS HETS PWID PWID All All Number n=78 % n=66 % n=6 % n=8 % n=8 % n=0 % n=4 n=4 Likely place acquired HIV Australia 9 69% % 4% 8.8 % 8 00% % 04 Overseas 4 % 4 % % 7 47% 0 0% 0.8 8% Unknown 46 7%.4 % 4 7%.8 0% 0 0%.4 4% 4 7. Past testing history Tested less than 0 7% % %.4 9% 0 0%. % 0 04 months ago Tested or 09 9% % 6 6% 6% 0 0%.6 6% 7. more months ago Never tested 48 7% 4 6% 7 6% 4 4% 4 0%.6 6% Unknown 9 7% 7.8 0% 8%. % 4 0%.6 6% Diagnosed late* Yes 84 0% 7.4 8% 7% 8.8 0% 8% 4. 4% No 86 67% 77 67% 8%. 44% 4 0% % 09 Unknown 8 %. % %.6 6% %. % 4 0 CD4 count at diagnosis 00 and over 08 9% 0.8 4% 0 6%. 6% % 0% % 60 % 8% 9.4 6% %.6 6% % 4. 7% 9 %.4 % %.4 4% Less than 00 7 % 4 % 7 8% 6.6 9% %.8 8% 6.8 Unknown 4%.6 6% 4 7% 4 7% %. % 8 Diagnosing doctor type GP non-art 96 % 8.8 % 7 6% 0.4 % 8%.8 8% prescriber Sexual Health 9 % % 9 % 8.6 % %.6 6% Clinic GP s00** 9% 6.4 4% 0%.8 % % 0.6 6% 66 Hospital %.8 % 0 6% 7. 0% %.0 0% 4 4 Immigration 4 % 7.0 % 4 7% 7.6 % 0% 0. % Unknown 0 0%.8 % 0 0%.0 % % 0.8 8% 4 Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *Evidence of late diagnosis was defined as a CD4 count less than 0 cells/µl or an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis, in the absence of a laboratory confirmed negative HIV test in the months prior to diagnosis. **A GP s00 is a private, general medical practitioner who is authorised to prescribe antiretroviral therapy under Section 00 highly specialised drugs program of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Other or unknown include primarily forensics, interstate doctors and blood bank
22 Percentage of new diagnoses. HIV testing history and timeliness of diagnosis in NSW residents newly diagnosed Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, 0 (0%) reportedly tested HIV negative in the months prior to diagnosis, the same proportion as for the 008 to 0 five year period (Figure 9). In 0 7% of NSW residents newly diagnosed reportedly had never had an HIV test prior to diagnosis, slightly more than % between 008 and 0. Figure 9. Percentage of all NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 by past HIV testing history 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% Unknown Never had HIV test before Tested or more months ago 0% 0% % Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 0 Tested less than months ago
23 Percentage of MSM new diagnoses Among 78 MSM newly diagnosed in 0, 0 (7%) reportedly tested HIV negative within months of diagnosis, the same proportion as for MSM between 008 to 0 (Figure 0). In 0 7% of MSM newly diagnosed reportedly had never had an HIV test prior to diagnosis, similar to 6% of MSM from 008 to 0. Figure 0. Percentage of MSM newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 by past HIV testing history 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% Unknown Never had HIV test before 40% 0% Tested months or more ago 0% 0% Tested less than months ago 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04
24 Per cent of new diagnoses Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, (6%) had evidence of late diagnosis, the same proportion with evidence of late diagnosis from 008 to 0 (Figure ). Figure. Percentage and number of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 004 to December 0 by evidence of late diagnosis* 00% 90% 80% 70% % 0% Unknown 40% 0% No evidence late Evidence late 0% % 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *Evidence of late diagnosis was defined as a CD4 count less than 0 cells/µl or an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis, in the absence of a laboratory confirmed negative HIV test in the months prior to diagnosis. Among MSM newly diagnosed, the older the age group at diagnosis, the greater the percentage within each age group with evidence of late diagnosis (Figure ). The 0 to 9 year age group were excluded from Figure 8 due to very low numbers. 4
25 Median CD4 count Percentage of new diagnoses late diagnosed Figure. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 who were MSM by age group and evidence of late diagnosis* 0% 4% 40% % 0% % 0% % % 6% % 4% 48% 4% 8% % % % 6% 4% 4% 8% 0% % % 4% 9% % 40% % 6% 6% 0 to 9 years 0 to 9 years 40 to 49 years 0 years and over 0% % 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04. The median CD4 count at diagnosis was higher for MSM compared with all new diagnoses and for new diagnoses reported to have resulted from heterosexual exposure to HIV (Figure ). Figure. Median CD4 count (cells/µl) among NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 for all new diagnoses and two major risk exposure groups All new diagnoses MSM only Hetero-sex only Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04
26 Percentage of new diagnsoses Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, (4%) had a CD4 count at diagnosis of 00 or over, 8 (4%) 0 to 499, 74 (%) 00 to 49, 6 (6%) less than 00 and 8 (%) had no CD4 count at diagnosis reported (Figure 4). This was similar for each CD4 count category of the 008 to 0 five year period (8% had a CD4 count 00 or over, % 0 to 499, 8% 00 to 49, 8% less than 00 and 7% no CD4). In 0 7% of new diagnoses had a CD4 less than 0, similar with 4% between 008 and 0. Figure 4. CD4 count (cells/µl) at diagnosis among NSW residents newly diagnosed January 004 to December 0 00% 90% 80% % 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% Missing Less than or over 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 6
27 Percentage of new diagnoses Among all 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, 47 (4%) had some evidence of early stage infection and (4%) had some evidence of advanced stage infection, similar to the proportion thought to be in early (44%) and advanced (6%) stage infection at diagnosis from 008 to 0 (Figure ). Figure. Proportion of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 by stage of infection at diagnosis 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% Early CD4 00+ CD CD Advanced Unknown 0% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *Stage of infection is currently defined as follows: Early = Seroconversion like illness or a previous negative or indeterminate HIV test within months of diagnosis, irrespective of CD4 count or report of an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis. Advanced = CD4 count < 00 cells/µl or an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis, excluding Early category. CD and CD4 0+ exclude Early and Advanced categories. 7
28 Percentage of new diagnoses in MSM Among 78 MSM newly diagnosed in 0, (49%) had some evidence of early stage infection and 0 (%) had some evidence of advanced stage infection, similar to the proportion of MSM thought to be in early (%) and advanced (%) stage infection at diagnosis for the 008 to 0 five year period (Figure 6). Figure 6. Proportion of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection January 008 to December 0 who were MSM, by stage of infection at diagnosis 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% Early CD4 00+ CD CD Advanced Unknown Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 *Stage of infection is currently defined as follows: Early = Seroconversion like illness or a previous negative or indeterminate HIV test within months of diagnosis, irrespective of CD4 count or report of an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis. Advanced = CD4 count < 00 cells/µl or an AIDS defining illness within three months of diagnosis, excluding Early category. CD and CD4 0+ exclude Early and Advanced categories. 6. Doctors who made new HIV diagnoses in 0 General medical practitioners unspecialised in HIV (GP non-art prescriber) made 9 (9%) of the new diagnoses in NSW residents in 0 and they referred two thirds of these people to sexual health clinics for ongoing management of HIV (Table 6). Doctors in sexual health clinics (SHC) made 0 (9%) of the new diagnoses and retained most of these clients. General medical practitioners specialised in HIV and specially registered to prescribe antiretroviral therapy (GP s00) made (6%) of the new diagnoses in 0 and retained most of these clients. These GPs s00 (the bulk of whom work in SES LHD) almost exclusively only diagnose HIV in MSM (Figure 7). Doctors within hospital settings made 4 (%) of the new diagnoses. Most of the few (9) people diagnosed by immigration services were referred to a sexual health clinic for follow up. 8
29 Number of new diagnoses Table 6. Type of diagnosing doctor of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection in 0 and where people newly diagnosed were referred for ongoing management Type of diagnosing doctor Referred to SHC Referred to hospital Referred to GP s00 Assumed to be retained by diagnosing service GP non-art prescriber 87 6% 4 4% 9% 4% 9 9% Sexual Health Clinic (SHC) % 0 0% % 97 9% 0 9% GP s00* % 4% 4% 48 87% 6% Hospital 7% 6 6% 4% 4 % 4 % Immigration 8 89% % 0% 0 0% 9 % Other 7% 0 0% 0 0% % 4 % Total 07 0% % 9 % 7 49% 4 00% Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 **A GP s00 is a private, general medical practitioner who is authorised to prescribe antiretroviral therapy under Section 00 highly specialised drugs program of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Other or unknown include primarily forensics, interstate doctors and blood bank Figure 7. Type of diagnosing doctor of NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0 by HIV exposure Total MSM Hetero-sex PWID Mother to child Reported HIV risk exposure Other or unknown GP not s00 Sexual Health Clinic GP s00 Hospital Immigration Other Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted August 04 9
30 Percent of notifications per quarter 7. Uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) within six months of diagnosis and impact on HIV viral load Data on initiation of ART is available from enhanced surveillance information collected about people newly diagnosed with HIV from 0 January 0 onwards. Data on ART commencement, CD4 count and viral load at least six months post diagnosis is recorded via prescribing doctors who complete a standardised HIV six-monthly follow up form. Of the 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed in 0, (88%) had a six-monthly follow-up form completed by their prescribing doctors at the time of this analysis. Of these new diagnoses in 0, 49% () had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and 60% (86) had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis (Figure 8). For the 0% () for which ART status was unknown, all had No as the answer for the question Is this patient currently in your care for HIV infection on the follow-up form. Figure 8. Time from diagnosis to commencement of ART among of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0 and with six-monthly follow up completed, by quarter diagnosed 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% First Quarter 0 Second Quarter Third Quarter 0 Quarter diagnosed 8 8 Fourth Quarter 0 ART status unknown Not on ART at 6 month follow-up Commenced ART between -6 months Commenced ART within months Data source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted November 04 0
31 Percent notifications within CD4 category Of the newly diagnosed persons for whom six monthly follow-up forms were available, 0 had results available for CD4 count at diagnosis. Of those with a CD4 count less than 00 cells/µl at diagnosis, 84% had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further eight per cent had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis (Figure 9). Of those with a CD4 count at diagnosis between 0 and 00 cells/µl, 8.% (84) had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further.8% (7) had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Lower CD4 counts at diagnosis are associated with earlier commencement of ART. The PBAC restriction on the prescription of ART for asymptomatic people with HIV with a CD4 count less than 00 cells/µl was lifted in April 04, by which time the majority of people diagnosed in 0 had already been diagnosed more than six months previously. Figure 9. CD4 count at diagnosis among 0 of 4 NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0 who had a six-monthly follow up and CD4 count at diagnosis completed, by time to ART 00% 90% 80% 70% 60% ART status unknown 0% 40% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6 Missing Less than and 00 CD4 count at diagnosis (cells/µl) over Not on ART at 6 month follow-up Commenced ART between -6 months Commenced ART within months Date source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted November 04
32 Of the newly diagnosed persons for whom six monthly follow-up forms were available, 0 had results available for viral load at diagnosis (Figure 0). Of those with a viral load at diagnosis greater than 0, 6.% had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further 9% had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Of those with a viral load between 0 and 0 at diagnosis, 4.7% (84) had commenced ART within three months of diagnosis and a further % () had commenced ART within six months of diagnosis. Figure 0. Time from diagnosis to commencement of anti-retroviral therapy in NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV in 0 by viral load at diagnosis (n=) >0 Data source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted November 04 Viral load after ART initiation The goal of ART is to reduce the HIV viral load to both minimise the effects of the virus and reduce the risk of HIV transmission (Figure ). Of the newly diagnosed people in 0 on ART at six-monthly follow up, 00 had pre and post ART viral load results available. Time from ART commencement was calculated as difference in days between the most recent viral load specimen date and the date ART was commenced. The median time on ART was 4 days. Viral load not detected was defined as a viral load reported as 0 copies/ml or Not Detected. Viral load not detected was reported in 6 people (8.%). Of the people with a detectable viral load at a time point more than 80 days after commencement of ART, 6.4% (4) had a viral load less than 00 copies/ml, and 6.6% (7) had a viral load between 00 and,000 copies/ml.
33 Log 0 viral load (copies/ml) Number of notifications Figure. Number of people newly diagnosed with HIV in NSW in 0 with a detectable or undetectable post ART viral load, by time from commencement of ART to follow-up* <0 days -90 days 9-80 days >80 days Time from commencement of ART Viral load not detected Viral load detected (>0 copies/ml) Data source: NSW HIV/AIDS database, Health Protection NSW, extracted November 04 *Data on viral load was reported for 00 of people newly diagnosed in 0 on ART at six-monthly follow-up Of the newly diagnosed persons who had commenced ART, pre and post ART commencement viral load results were available for 00 (9.9%). Of these 60% (0) had been on ART for greater than 80 days. Change in viral load was calculated as the difference in log 0 viral load between pre- ART specimen and most recent (post-art) specimen as reported on six monthly follow-up forms. Reduction in viral load was seen in all cases, the median reduction is shown (Figure ). The median time between tests was 0 days. T-tests showed the difference in change between groups was statistically significant (p<0.0) for all comparisons except 9-80 days vs > 80 days. Figure. Median reduction in viral load (log0) by time from commencement of antiretroviral therapy; as reported at six monthly follow up (n= 99) <0 days -90 days 9-80 days >80 days Time from commencement of ART Median reduction
34 8. Local health district level data The following figures describe characteristics of NSW residents newly diagnosed with HIV infection by their Local Health District (LHD) of residence. From the figures are excluded one new diagnosis made in Justice Health and one of unknown LHD. Figure. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD in 0 by gender Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW Northern NSW Central Coast Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney Northern Sydney South Western Sydney Sydney South Eastern Sydney % 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage new diagnoses Male Female Transgender Figure 4. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD in 0 by age group Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW Northern NSW Central Coast Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney Northern Sydney South Western Sydney Sydney South Eastern Sydney % 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage new diagnoses
35 Figure. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD in 0 by place of birth Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW Northern NSW Central Coast 4 Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney 4 Born Australia Born overseas Unknown Northern Sydney South Western Sydney 0 9 Sydney 4 44 South Eastern Sydney 9 6 0% 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage new diagnoses Figure 6. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD in 0 by HIV risk exposure Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW 4 Northern NSW Central Coast 4 Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney Northern Sydney MSM Hetero-sex PWID Other or unknown Mother to child South Western Sydney 7 Sydney 80 7 South Eastern Sydney 0 0% 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage
36 Figure 7. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD in 0 by type of diagnosing doctor Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW Northern NSW Central Coast Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney Northern Sydney GP not s00 SHC GP s00 Hospital Immigration Blood Bank South Western Sydney 8 7 Forensics Sydney 9 7 South Eastern Sydney % 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage Figure 8. Percentage of NSW residents newly diagnosed in each LHD by CD4 count at diagnoses, 0 Murrumbidgee-Albury Nepean Blue Mountains Southern NSW Northern NSW Central Coast Western NSW Mid North Coast Illawarra Shoalhaven Hunter New England Western Sydney Northern Sydney South Western Sydney Sydney South Eastern Sydney Unknown CD4 < 00 CD CD CD % 0% 40% 60% 80% 00% Percentage 6
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B IN IRELAND
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B IN IRELAND Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Summary 4 Introduction 5 Case Definitions 6 Materials and Methods 7 Results 8 Discussion 11 References 12 Epidemiology of Hepatitis
More information4.0 3.5 3.0 M I L L I O N S 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0. Figure 2.1 Number of people newly infected with HIV
Figure 2.1 Number of people newly infected with HIV 4.0 3.5 3.0 M I L L I O N S 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
More informationGeorgia HIV/AIDS Surveillance Summary. Data Through December 31, 2010
Georgia HIV/AIDS Surveillance Summary Data Through December 31, 2010 HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Section Division of Health Protection Georgia Department of Public Health Table of Contents Acknowledgements...
More informationQ and A for PARTNER Studies: Interim analysis results presented at CROI 2014. CROI presentation can be found at www.chip.dk
Q and A for PARTNER Studies: Interim analysis results presented at CROI 2014 STATUS: Results embargoed until 4 March 2014, 18:30 Central European Time (CET). CROI presentation can be found at www.chip.dk
More informationWISCONSIN AIDS/HIV PROGRAM NOTES
Wisconsin 2014 HIV Care Continuum: Statewide and Select Population Groups Casey Schumann, MS, AIDS/HIV Program Epidemiologist, AIDS/HIV Program, Wisconsin Division of Public Health Background The HIV care
More informationEstimates of New HIV Infections in the United States
Estimates of New HIV Infections in the United States Accurately tracking the HIV epidemic is essential to the nation s HIV prevention efforts. Yet monitoring trends in new HIV infections has historically
More informationIV. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE OLDER POPULATION
World Population Ageing 195-25 IV. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE OLDER POPULATION A. AGE COMPOSITION Older populations themselves are ageing A notable aspect of the global ageing process is the progressive
More informationHIV Surveillance Update
HIV Surveillance Update Presentation to: CAPUS Metro Atlanta Testing and Linking Consortium (MATLC) Presented by: Deepali Rane, MPH and Jane Kelly, MD Georgia Department of Public Health Epidemiology Date:
More informationHIV prevention and the wider UK population. What HIV prevention work should be directed towards the general population in the UK?
Shaping attitudes Challenging injustice Changing lives Policy briefing HIV prevention and the wider UK population September 2011 What HIV prevention work should be directed towards the general population
More informationQ&A on methodology on HIV estimates
Q&A on methodology on HIV estimates 09 Understanding the latest estimates of the 2008 Report on the global AIDS epidemic Part one: The data 1. What data do UNAIDS and WHO base their HIV prevalence estimates
More informationNew South Wales State and Regional Population Projections 2001-2051. 2004 Release TRANSPORT AND POPULATION DATA CENTRE
New South Wales State and Regional Population Projections 21-251 251 24 Release TRANSPORT AND POPULATION DATA CENTRE THE TRANSPORT AND POPULATION DATA CENTRE (TPDC) The TPDC is located in the NSW Department
More informationAnnual Surveillance Report 2014 Supplement
HIV in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2014 Supplement Main findings A total of 1 236 cases of HIV infection were newly diagnosed in Australia in 2013, similar to levels in 2012 when the number of
More informationRichard H. Needle, PhD, MPH Lin Zhao, PhD candidate (UCSF School of Nursing) CSIS Africa Program Roundtable June 10, 2010
Richard H. Needle, PhD, MPH Lin Zhao, PhD candidate (UCSF School of Nursing) CSIS Africa Program Roundtable June 10, 2010 Reference Group to the United Nations on HIV and Injecting Drug Use 2010 Mathers:
More informationUnderstanding the HIV Care Continuum
Understanding the HIV Care Continuum Overview Recent scientific advances have shown that antiretroviral therapy (ART) not only preserves the health of people living with HIV, but also dramatically lowers
More informationGlobal Update on HIV Treatment 2013: Results, Impact and Opportunities
June 2013 Global Update on HIV Treatment 2013: Results, Impact and Opportunities WHO/UNAIDS/UNICEF v2 Outline Results: Progress towards Global Targets - Antiretroviral treatment - Prevention of mother-to-child
More informationHIV New Diagnoses, Treatment and Care in the UK 2015 report
HIV New Diagnoses, Treatment and Care in the UK 2015 report About Public Health England Public Health England exists to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities.
More information2. PROVISION OF COMBINED HEPATITIS A AND B VACCINE OR MONOVALENT HEPATITIS A OR HEPATITIS B VACCINE FOR HIGH RISK GROUPS
Guidelines for the Provision of Hepatitis A and B Vaccine to Adults in Western Australia at Risk of Acquiring these Infections by Sexual Transmission and Injecting Drug Use 1. BACKGROUND These guidelines
More informationMid-year population estimates. Embargoed until: 20 July 2010 14:30
Statistical release Mid-year population estimates 2010 Embargoed until: 20 July 2010 14:30 Enquiries: Forthcoming issue: Expected release date User Information Services Tel: (012) 310 8600/4892/8390 Mid-year
More informationGARPR Online Reporting Tool
GARPR Online Reporting Tool 0 Narrative Report and Cover Sheet 1) Which institutions/entities were responsible for filling out the indicator forms? a) NAC or equivalent Yes b) NAP Yes c) Others Yes If
More informationSTOP HIV/AIDS Quarterly Monitoring Report
STOP HIV/AIDS Quarterly Monitoring Report Quarter 2, 2012 April 1, 2012 June 30, 2012 Lauren MacDonald 1, Dr. Reka Gustafson 2, Tim Chu 1, Dr. Jat Sandhu 1 1 Public Health Surveillance Unit 2 Communicable
More informationTHE DEMOGRAPHY OF POPULATION AGEING
THE DEMOGRAPHY OF POPULATION AGEING Barry Mirkin and Mary Beth Weinberger* An inevitable consequence of the demographic transition and the shift to lower fertility and mortality has been the evolution
More informationSouthern NSW Local Health District: Our Population s Health
Page 1 of 5 This Factsheet summarises a selection of health indicators (health behaviours & risk factors, hospitalisations and deaths) for the of the Southern NSW Local Health District (LHD). Health services
More informationChapter 21. What Are HIV and AIDS?
Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today What Are HIV and AIDS? Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that primarily affects cells of the immune system and that causes AIDS. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
More informationHIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS 11
HIV/AIDS AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS 11 11.1 INTRODUCTION D. Zanera and I. Miteka The 2004 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) collected information on HIV/AIDS as well as other sexually
More informationEXPANDED HIV TESTING AND LINKAGE TO CARE (X-TLC) IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF CHICAGO
EXPANDED HIV TESTING AND LINKAGE TO CARE (X-TLC) IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS ON THE SOUTH SIDE OF CHICAGO R Eavou, M Taylor, C Bertozzi-Villa, D Amarathithada, R Buffington, D Pitrak and N Benbow HIV Prevention
More information4/3/2012. Surveillance. Direct Care. Prevention. Quality Management
//1 The Epidemiology of Infectious and Chronic Diseases in Minority Communities December 7, 11 Mary G. McIntyre, M.D., M.P.H. Assistant State Health Officer for Disease Control and Prevention Alabama Department
More informationStatistical release P0302
Statistical release Mid-year population estimates 2011 Embargoed until: 27 July 2011 10:00 Enquiries: Forthcoming issue: Expected release date User Information Services Mid-year population estimates, 2012
More informationAim of Presentation. The Role of the Nurse in HIV Care. Global Epidemic 7/24/09
Aim of Presentation The Role of the Nurse in HIV Care Eileen Nixon HIV Nurse Consultant Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals Overview of key issues that affect people with HIV Identify the role of
More information1. TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
1. TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION This chapter provides a brief overview of global and regional patterns and trends in international migration since 199. It also describes selected characteristics of
More informationIndicator 7: Mortality
Mortality Cancer of the cervix is one of the few cancers for which there is an efficacious screening test for detection of the disease at an early stage, and most deaths due to cervical cancer are potentially
More informationUNAIDS 2013 AIDS by the numbers
UNAIDS 2013 AIDS by the numbers 33 % decrease in new HIV infections since 2001 29 % decrease in AIDS-related deaths (adults and children) since 2005 52 % decrease in new HIV infections in children since
More informationIntegrating Medical Care Coordination Services into HIV Clinic Medical Homes
Integrating Medical Care Coordination Services into HIV Clinic Medical Homes Carlos Vega-Matos, M.P.A. HIV Care Services Division Division of HIV and STD Programs Background DHSP funds HIV Clinics to provide
More informationSTOP HIV/AIDS Quarterly Monitoring Report
STOP HIV/AIDS Quarterly Monitoring Report Quarter 4, 2011 October 1, 2011 December 31, 2011 Lauren MacDonald 1, Dr. Reka Gustafson 2, Tim Chu 1, Dr. Jat Sandhu 1 1 Public Health Surveillance Unit 2 Communicable
More informationHPTN 073: Black MSM Open-Label PrEP Demonstration Project
HPTN 073: Black MSM Open-Label PrEP Demonstration Project Overview HIV Epidemiology in the U.S. Overview of PrEP Overview of HPTN HPTN 061 HPTN 073 ARV Drug Resistance Conclusions Questions and Answers
More informationLong Term Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children and Policy Response in Thailand
Long Term Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS on Children and Policy Response in Thailand Wattana S. Janjaroen Faculty of Economics and College of Public Health Chulalongkorn University Suwanee Khamman and
More informationHIV/AIDS In the Houston Area
HIV/AIDS In the Houston Area 2014 Epidemiologic Supplement for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Services Planning CONTENTS Notes.... 2 Executive Summary... 3 Comparison of HIV Rates in Houston, Texas, and
More informationUNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON HIV/AIDS. Country Progress Report 2008. Sweden
UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SPECIAL SESSION ON HIV/AIDS Country Progress Report 2008 Sweden ABBREVIATIONS...3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...4 STATUS AT A GLANCE...1 NATIONAL INDICATOR DATA... 2 OVERVIEW OF THE
More informationWORLD. Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees
2011 WORLD Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees WORLD Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees The World Geographic Trend Report for GMAT Examinees identifies mobility trends among GMAT examinees
More informationNational Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Age Differences in Viral Suppression, Antiretroviral Therapy Use, and Adherence Among HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex With Men Receiving
More informationSyphilis on the rise again in Germany results from surveillance data for 2011
Rapid communications Syphilis on the rise again in Germany results from surveillance data for 2 V Bremer (bremerv@rki.de), U Marcus, O Hamouda. Division for HIV/AIDS, STI and Blood-borne Infections, Department
More information9 Expenditure on breast cancer
9 Expenditure on breast cancer Due to the large number of people diagnosed with breast cancer and the high burden of disease related to it, breast cancer is associated with substantial health-care costs.
More informationUsing HIV Surveillance Data to Calculate Measures for the Continuum of HIV Care
Using HIV Surveillance Data to Calculate Measures for the Continuum of HIV Care Anna Satcher Johnson, MPH Symposium on Measuring the HIV Care Continuum Center for AIDS Research University of Washington
More informationI. DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION AGEING
World Population Ageing 9- I. DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION AGEING Underlying global population ageing is a process known as the demographic transition in which mortality and then fertility decline
More informationProgress and prospects
Ending CHILD MARRIAGE Progress and prospects UNICEF/BANA213-182/Kiron The current situation Worldwide, more than 7 million women alive today were married before their 18th birthday. More than one in three
More informationUNAIDS 2014 LESOTHO HIV EPIDEMIC PROFILE
UNAIDS 214 LESOTHO HIV EPIDEMIC PROFILE 214 LESOTHO Overview The Kingdom of Lesotho is landlocked and surrounded by South Africa. It has a surface area of 3 355 square kilometres and its population is
More informationDublin Declaration. on Partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia
Dublin Declaration on Partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia Against the background of the global emergency of the HIV/AIDS epidemic with 40 million people worldwide living with HIV/AIDS,
More informationGuidelines for Viral Hepatitis CTR Services
Guidelines for Viral Hepatitis CTR Services During the 2007 North Dakota Legislative Assembly, legislation that called for the creation of a viral hepatitis program was introduced and approved. The North
More informationUPDATE UNAIDS 2016 DATE 2016
GLOBAL AIDS UP GLOBAL AIDS UPDATE UNAIDS 2016 DATE 2016 ENORMOUS GAINS, PERSISTENT CHALLENGES The world has committed to ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. How to reach this bold target within the Sustainable
More informationPart 1 RECENT STATISTICS AND TREND ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUG MARKETS A. EXTENT OF ILLICIT DRUG USE AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
References to Chile Part 1 RECENT STATISTICS AND TREND ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUG MARKETS A. EXTENT OF ILLICIT DRUG USE AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES El panorama mundial Cocaína In 2010, the regions with a high
More information2011 STI Annual Report
STI Annual Report Howard Brown Health Center s third Annual STI Report details sexually transmitted infection (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and behavioral trends at many of Howard
More informationAustralia s Health Workforce Series. Pharmacists in Focus. March 2014. HWA Australia s Health Workforce Series Pharmacists in Focus
Australia s Health Workforce Series Pharmacists in Focus March 2014 1 Health Workforce Australia. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or part for study or training purposes. Subject to
More information50 years THE GAP REPORT 2014
THE GAP REPORT 2014 People aged 50 years and older The ageing of the world s population is one of the most significant demographic trends of this era, and there are a growing number of people aged 50 and
More informationNSW Population Health Priority Surveillance and Program Delivery Data Collection Activities. Summary Report 2012-2015
NSW Population Health Priority Surveillance and Program Delivery Data Collection Activities Summary Report 2012-2015 NSW MINISTRY OF HEALTH 73 Miller Street NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2060 Tel. (02) 9391 9000 Fax.
More informationNSW Labour Market Overview
NSW Labour Market Overview Presenter: Ivan Neville Branch Manager, Labour Market Research and Analysis 1 Slide 2 Current state of the NSW labour market Selected indicators over the year to October 2014
More informationCase Finding for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C
Case Finding for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C John W. Ward, M.D. Division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, USA Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center
More informationPROFILE OF THE SINGAPORE CHINESE DIALECT GROUPS
PROFILE OF THE SINGAPORE CHINESE DIALECT GROUPS by Edmond Lee Eu Fah Social Statistics Section Singapore Department of Statistics INTRODUCTION The Singapore society is made up of different ethnic groups
More informationPopulation Health Priorities for NSW
Population Health Priorities for NSW 2012 2017 POPULATION AND PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION NSW Ministry of Health Locked Mail Bag 961 North Sydney NSW 2059 Copyright NSW Ministry of Health 2012 This work is
More informationWorld Population to reach 10 billion by 2100 if Fertility in all Countries Converges to Replacement Level
UNITED NATIONS PRESS RELEASE EMBARGOED UNTIL 3 MAY 2011, 11:00 A.M., NEW YORK TIME World Population to reach 10 billion by if Fertility in all Countries Converges to Replacement Level UNITED NATIONS, 3
More informationHIV Epidemiology in New York State
HIV Epidemiology in New York State Lou Smith, MD, MPH Director, Division of Epidemiology, Evaluation and Research AIDS Institute, New York State Department of Health 2 HIV Surveillance in New York State
More informationWho are the Other ethnic groups?
Article Who are the Other ethnic groups? Social and Welfare David Gardener Helen Connolly October 2005 Crown copyright Office for National Statistics 1 Drummond Gate London SW1V 2QQ Tel: 020 7533 9233
More informationHepatitis C Infections in Oregon September 2014
Public Health Division Hepatitis C Infections in Oregon September 214 Chronic HCV in Oregon Since 25, when positive laboratory results for HCV infection became reportable in Oregon, 47,252 persons with
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMS FOR PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS
AN OVERVIEW OF PROGRAMS FOR PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS Helgar Musyoki MARPs and Vulnerable Groups Program National AIDs/STI Control Programme November 2012 Background Injection of heroin in Kenya reportedly
More informationWhat is HIV? What is AIDS? The HIV pandemic HIV transmission Window period Stages of HIV infection
Module 1 Overview of HIV Infection Purpose Pre-requisite Modules Learning Objectives To provide you with the basic terms and concepts related to HIV infection. None At the end of this module, you will
More informationHIV/AIDS Prevention and Care
HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Nancy S. Padian, PhD, MPH Professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences Associate Director for Research, Global Health Sciences and AIDS Research Institute: University
More informationHIV/AIDS Epidemic Status at-a-glance
HIV/AIDS Epidemic Status at-a-glance PORTUGAL National Report 25 HIV/AIDS epidemic status at a glance I. HIV/AIDS epidemic overview 3 1.1. HIV infection... 3 1.2. AIDS cases... 3 1.3. HIV infection in
More informationHEPATITIS WEB STUDY Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis
HEPATITIS WEB STUDY Acute C Virus Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis H. Nina Kim, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases University of Washington School
More informationInjection Drug Users in Miami-Dade: NHBS-IDU2 Cycle Preliminary Results
Injection Drug Users in Miami-Dade: NHBS-IDU2 Cycle Preliminary Results David W. Forrest, Ph.D. Marlene LaLota, M.P.H. John-Mark Schacht Gabriel A. Cardenas, M.P.H. Lisa Metsch, Ph.D. National HIV Behavioral
More informationPart 4 Burden of disease: DALYs
Part Burden of disease:. Broad cause composition 0 5. The age distribution of burden of disease 6. Leading causes of burden of disease 7. The disease and injury burden for women 6 8. The growing burden
More informationWORK-RELATED INJURIES
009 10 WORK-RELATED INJURIES 634.0 AUSTRALIA EMBARGO: 11.30AM (CANBERRA TIME) WED NOV 011 CONTENTS Notes... Conceptual framework... Summary of findings... page 3 4 TABLES List of tables... Persons aged
More informationRegional Membership Supplement. USA Canada Caribbean Islands 417-EN (313)
USA Canada Caribbean Islands 2013 417-EN (313) 2 Introduction This resource accompanies Strategies for Attracting & Engaging Members (417). The supplement contains regional data and membership trends that
More informationStatistical appendix. A.1 Introduction
A Statistical appendix A.1 Introduction This appendix contains contextual information to assist the interpretation of the performance indicators presented in the Report. The following four key factors
More informationHIV Guidelines. New Strategies.
HIV Guidelines. New Strategies. Santiago Moreno Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid HIV Guidelines. New Strategies. Outline HIV Guidelines What is new? New strategies Treatment as Prevention HIV
More informationProgram Performance Indicators Revised Baseline & Target Setting Form January 1 June 30, 2004 Interim Progress Report
ATTACHMENT B Program Performance Indicators Revised Baseline & Target Setting Form January 1 June 30, Interim Progress Report Overall HIV Indicator A.1: The number of newly diagnosed HIV infections Original
More informationINDICATOR REGION WORLD
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INDICATOR REGION WORLD Demographic indicators Total population (2005) 713,457,000 6,449,371,000 Population under 18 (2005) 361,301,000 2,183,143,000 Population under 5 (2005) 119,555,000
More informationWORLD POPULATION IN 2300
E c o n o m i c & DRAFT S o c i a l A f f a i r s WORLD POPULATION IN 2300 Highlights United Nations ESA/P/WP.187 9 December 2003 DRAFT Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division WORLD
More informationSURVEILLANCE REPORT. Hepatitis B and C surveillance in Europe. www.ecdc.europa.eu
SURVEILLANCE REPORT Hepatitis B and C surveillance in Europe 2006 2011 www.ecdc.europa.eu Hepatitis B and C surveillance in Europe 2006 2011 Hepatitis B and C surveillance in Europe 2006 2011 SURVEILLANCE
More informationAustralia s inbound tourism statistics
What is inbound tourism? Scope of inbound tourism: Short-term visitor arrivals are defined as overseas visitors who intend to stay in Australia for less than 12 months Statistics relate to the number of
More informationEnding the Epidemic in New York State. Federal AIDS Policy Partnership March 4, 2015
Ending the Epidemic in New York State Federal AIDS Policy Partnership March 4, 2015 1 The momentum already exists NYS is a center of HIV activism, community/government collaboration and innovation. While
More informationHepatitis C Virus Infection: Prevalence Report, 2003 Data Source: Minnesota Department of Health HCV Surveillance System
Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Prevalence Report, 2003 Data Source: Minnesota Department of Health HCV Surveillance System P.O. Box 9441 Minneapolis, MN 55440-9441 612-676-5414, 1-877-676-5414 www.health.state.mn.us/immunize
More informationStatistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet. England 2015
Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet England 2015 Published 3 March 2015 We are the trusted national provider of high-quality information, data and IT systems for health and social care. www.hscic.gov.uk
More informationScottish Diabetes Survey 2014. Scottish Diabetes Survey Monitoring Group
Scottish Diabetes Survey 2014 Scottish Diabetes Survey Monitoring Group Contents Table of Contents Contents... 2 Foreword... 4 Executive Summary... 6 Prevalence... 8 Undiagnosed diabetes... 21 Duration
More informationAustralian Federation of AIDS Organisations (AFAO) Primary Health Care Reform
Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (AFAO) Primary Health Care Reform 27 February 2009 1 Introduction The Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (AFAO) is the peak body for Australia s community
More informationFrequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Research Rationale 1. What does PrEP stand for? There is scientific evidence that antiretroviral (anti-hiv) medications may be able to play an important role in reducing
More informationCondoms, PrEP, and the use of ART to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV: Overview of the science and recommendations for service providers
Condoms, PrEP, and the use of ART to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV: Overview of the science and recommendations for service providers James Wilton Coordinator, Biomedical Science of HIV Prevention
More informationMesothelioma in Australia: Incidence (1982 to 2013) and Mortality (1997 to 2012)
Mesothelioma in Australia: Incidence (1982 to 213) and Mortality (1997 to 212) 215 Disclaimer The information provided in this document can only assist you in the most general way. This document does not
More informationLife Expectancy and Deaths in Buckinghamshire
Life Expectancy and Deaths in Buckinghamshire Written by: Piers Simey, Consultant in Public Health, Buckinghamshire County Council Healthy life expectancy With people living longer, it is important to
More informationHIV Infection Among Those with an Injection Drug Use*-Associated Risk, Florida, 2014
To protect, promote and improve the health of all people in Florida through integrated state, county, and community efforts. HIV Infection Among Those with an Injection Drug Use*-Associated Risk, Florida,
More informationAnnual Epidemiological Spotlight on HIV in London 2014 data
Annual Epidemiological Spotlight on HIV in London 2014 data About Public Health England Public Health England exists to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities.
More informationIII. CHANGING BALANCE BETWEEN AGE GROUPS
Population Ageing 195-25 III. CHANGING BALANCE BETWEEN AGE GROUPS A. BROAD AGE GROUPS The young-old balance is shifting throughout the world The increasing proportions of aged persons have been accompanied,
More informationInternational Education in the Comox Valley: Current and Potential Economic Impacts
International Education in the Comox Valley: Current and Potential Economic Impacts FINAL REPORT March 2012 Prepared by: Vann Struth Consulting Group Inc. Vancouver, BC www.vannstruth.com Prepared for:
More informationTESTING AND MANAGEMENT. Dr Nicole Allard GP Cohealth, Joslin Clinic, West Footscray PhD student, Epidemiology Unit VIDRL
TESTING AND MANAGEMENT Dr Nicole Allard GP Cohealth, Joslin Clinic, West Footscray PhD student, Epidemiology Unit VIDRL Disclosure and acknowledgments No conflicts of interest Board Member of Hepatitis
More information117 4,904,773 -67-4.7 -5.5 -3.9. making progress
Per 1 LB Eastern Mediterranean Region Maternal and Perinatal Health Profile Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA/WHO) Demographics and Information System Health status indicators
More informationBeyond 2011: Administrative Data Sources Report: The English School Census and the Welsh School Census
Beyond 2011 Beyond 2011: Administrative Data Sources Report: The English School Census and the Welsh School Census February 2013 Background The Office for National Statistics is currently taking a fresh
More informationUnited Nations INTRODUCTION. The World at Six Billion 1
INTRODUCTION According to the latest United Nations population estimates, world population reaches the six billion mark on 12 October 1999, an historic milestone in the growth of world population. The
More informationGonneke Hermanides, MD Izzy Gerstenbluth, MD epidemiologist
HIV epidemic in the Caribbean Gonneke Hermanides, MD Izzy Gerstenbluth, MD epidemiologist Epi (upon) - demos (people) An epidemic occurs when new cases of a certain disease, in a given human population,
More informationWhat is driving Australians' travel choices?
What is driving Australians' travel choices? What is driving Australians' travel choices? ISBN 978-1-921812-45-3 Tourism Research Australia Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism GPO Box 1564 Canberra
More informationINDICATOR REGION WORLD
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA INDICATOR REGION WORLD Demographic indicators Total population (2006) 748,886,000 6,577,236,000 Population under 18 (2006) 376,047,000 2,212,024,000 Population under 5 (2006) 125,254,000
More informationEpidemiology of Hepatitis C Infection. Pablo Barreiro Service of Infectious Diseases Hospital Carlos III, Madrid
Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Infection Pablo Barreiro Service of Infectious Diseases Hospital Carlos III, Madrid Worldwide Prevalence of Hepatitis C 10% No data available WHO.
More informationNew Brunswick Health Indicators
New Brunswick Health Indicators Issue 8, July 2013 A population health bulletin published by the Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health Youth Sexual Health Sexual health is an important aspect of
More informationHARM REDUCTION FOR PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS INFORMATION NOTE
HARM REDUCTION FOR PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS INFORMATION NOTE Introduction The Global Fund supports evidence-based interventions that aim to ensure access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support for
More information