Total Joint Replacement. Shoulder, Hip and Knee Pain Dr. William Marshall Orthopaedic Associates, PA
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1 Total Joint Replacement Shoulder, Dr. William Marshall Orthopaedic Associates, PA
2 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Introduction to the Shoulder Joint Complex structure which consists of the humerus, scapula and clavicle. The motion created by the shoulder is considered greater than any other joint in the body. Source: The Anatomy Coloring Book Supported and moved by 30+ muscles, ligaments and tendons.
3 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Normal Shoulder Biomechanics Balance between the ascending forces of the deltoid and the descending forces of the rotator cuff muscles
4 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Shoulder Problems Tendonitis Impingement syndrome Rotator cuff deficiency Acromioclavicular joint arthritis Joint arthritis
5 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Kinematics of Shoulder Function x x x Healthy Shoulder RC Deficient Shoulder
6 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Rotator Cuff Repair Space is increased between the acromiom and the rotator cuff tendon The torn tendon is trimmed and a rough area is made on the humerus The tendon is secured to the humerus sutures anchors tacks
7 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Why a Reverse Ball & Socket? Delivers most mechanically efficient method to neutralize the vertical forces of the deltoid muscle and maintain joint stability Provides enhanced stability of the glenohumeral joint Optimizes the length-tension curve of deltoid muscle to provide a stable fulcrum for elevation Source: RSP Surgical Technique Guide
8 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education
9 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Clinical Solution The Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis is an exclusive semi-constrained design concept that reverses the shoulder anatomy by lateralizing the shoulder joint to effectively resist the superior pull of the deltoid muscle and optimize soft tissue balancing.
10 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis This innovative surgical alternative is designated to provide patients with the potential for pain relief, restored function and improved stability.
11 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Cementless Glenoid Encased Poly Humeral Socket FDA Clearance in March 2005 > 500+ Performed 2 nd Generation Reverse Ball & Socket Prosthesis
12 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Recovery Varies from patient to patient Most perform light exercises the day after surgery Your surgeon will prescribe the best recovery plan to fit your needs and lifestyle Active and passive physical therapy are very helpful in aiding the recovery process
13 Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis Patient Education Questions orthodoc.aaos.org/wmrmarshall Orthopaedic Associates
14 It would be embarrassing to get out of a car because everybody had to help me. Somebody would have to pull me up. I felt like this old woman. My life got progressively less active, less fun, and less participative. Just a day on my feet was exhausting and the pain became greater and greater until Advil and ibuprofen and all of those kind of drugs couldn't numb it out. It just got worse and worse.
15 Does this sound familiar?
16 You re Not Alone More than 43 million people have some form of arthritis. It is estimated that the number of people affected by arthritis will increase to 60 million by Source: CDC
17 This program will touch upon the following topics: Understanding the Causes of Joint Pain Treatment Options What Joint Replacement Surgery Involves Realistic Expectations After Joint Replacement
18 The Knee Joint Your Treatment Options
19 Did you know? More than 300,000 knee replacements are performed each year in the US. 1 More than 300,000 hip replacements are performed in the United States each year 2 Source: 1. National Development Conference, National Institutes of Health, December "Arthroplasty and Total Joint Replacement Procedures: 1991 to 2000." AAOS
20 Most Common Types of Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Post-traumatic Arthritis Avascular Necrosis Paget s Disease
21 Osteoarthritis Your Treatment Options
22 Osteoarthritis Your Treatment Options
23 Did you know? Nearly 21 million Americans suffer from osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that is a leading cause of joint replacement surgery. Source:
24 OA Symptoms May develop suddenly or very slowly Arthritis can cause pain and stiffness Some types of arthritis may cause swelling Simple tasks may be difficult to do
25 Rheumatoid Arthritis, Post-traumatic Arthritis, Avascular Necrosis, Paget s Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis Membranes or tissues lining the joint become inflamed Post-traumatic Arthritis Irregularities lead to more wear on the joint Avascular Necrosis Bone may collapse and damage the cartilage Paget s Disease The density and the shape of the bone change
26 Rheumatoid Arthritis Your Treatment Options
27 Did you know? Rheumatoid arthritis, the most crippling form of arthritis, affects approximately 2.1 million Americans and two to three times more women than men. Further, the average onset for rheumatoid arthritis is between the ages of 20 and 45 years old. Source: CDC
28 Joint Degeneration Pain from arthritis and joint degeneration can: Be constant Come and go Occur with movement Occur after a period of motionlessness Be located in one spot Be located in many parts of the body Be worse during certain times of the day Be worse after certain activities
29 Joint Degeneration Interference With Daily Activities Your Treatment Options
30 Preparing for your Doctor s Visit The Orthopaedic Evaluation A thorough medical history A physical examination X-rays Additional tests, as needed
31 The Orthopaedic Evaluation Medical History A thorough medical history includes: A list of all medications you are currently taking Information on prior surgeries and/or treatments Prior diagnoses Family history The information that the surgeon gathers during the medical history usually suggests the possibility of several different diagnoses.
32 The Orthopaedic Evaluation Physical Examination The physical examination enables your surgeon to evaluate important aspects of your joints, including: Size and length Strength Range of motion Swelling Reflexes Skin condition
33 The Orthopaedic Evaluation X-ray Evaluation X-Rays help show how much joint damage or deformity exists An abnormal X-ray may reveal: Narrowing of the joint space Cysts in the bone Spurs on the edge of the bone Areas of bony thickening called sclerosis Deformity or incorrect alignment
34 The Orthopaedic Evaluation Additional Diagnostic Tests Occasionally, additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis. These may include: Blood tests Urine analysis Analysis of joint fluid Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Bone scan
35 Treatment Options Medication Physical therapy Arthroscopy cleaning the joint Joint fluid supplements (injections that provide temporary pain relief) Partial joint replacement Total joint replacement
36 Medications Aspirin-free pain relievers acetaminophen Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) Corticosteroids injection/pill form
37 Physical Therapy Passive range-of-motion exercises may help: Reduce stiffness Keep joints flexible Isometric exercises help build muscle strength
38 Arthroscopy What is arthroscopy? Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure used to visualize, diagnose and treat problems inside a joint. In an arthroscopic examination, an orthopaedic surgeon makes a small incision in the patient's skin and then inserts pencil-sized instruments that contain a small lens and lighting system to magnify and illuminate the structures inside the joint.
39 Joint Fluid Supplements Injections that provide temporary relief For patients whose joint pain does not improve with medication or physical therapy, "joint grease" injections may provide temporary relief. The joint is injected with a joint fluid supplement that acts as a lubricant for the damaged joint. Joint injection schedules and duration of relief vary according to the treatment chosen and the individual patient. However, these injections do not cure the diseased knee, and joint replacement may be needed as the joint worsens with time.
40 Partial Joint Replacment Partial joint replacement is a surgical procedure in which only the damaged or diseased surfaces of the joint are replaced, leaving much of the natural bone and soft tissue in place.
41 Total Joint Replacement Total joint replacement is a surgical procedure in which certain parts of an arthritic or damaged joint are removed and replaced with a plastic or metal device or an artificial joint. The artificial joint is designed to move just like a healthy joint.
42 Joint Replacement Joint replacement is a treatment option when pain: Is severe Interferes with daily activities Interferes with work
43 Joint Replacement Joint replacement is a decision that should include: You Your primary care provider Your orthopaedic surgeon
44 Did you know? Total joint replacements of the hip and knee have been performed since the 1960s. Today, these procedures have been found to result in significant restoration of function and reduction of pain in 90% to 95% of patients. Source: National Development Conference, National Institutes of Health, December 2003
45 Joint Replacement Preoperative Preparing for a joint replacement procedure begins weeks before the actual day of surgery. In general, patients may need: Routine blood tests Urinalysis Physical examination Exercise Quit smoking Stop certain medications Donate blood
46 Joint Replacement Preoperative A general physical examination Dental procedures Skin condition Smoking Weight Medications
47 Your Hip Joint A joint is formed by the ends of 2 or more bones. The hip must bear the full force of your weight and consists of two main parts: A ball (femoral head) at the top of your thigh bone (femur) A rounded socket (acetabulum) in your pelvis Normal hip joint, showing healthy articular cartilage
48 The Hip Joint Your Treatment Options
49 What Causes Hip Joint Pain? One of the most common causes of joint pain is arthritis. The most common types of arthritis are: Osteoarthritis (OA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Post-traumatic Arthritis Avascular Necrosis Diseased hip joint, showing worn cartilage
50 Hip Surgery May be suitable for patients who: Have a painful, disabling joint disease of the hip resulting from a severe form of arthritis Are not likely to achieve satisfactory results from less invasive procedures, medication, physical therapy, or joint fluid supplements Have bone stock that is of poor quality or inadequate for other reconstructive techniques
51 Your Knee Joint Femur thigh bone Cartilage tissue between bones that provides cushioning Patella knee cap Tibia shin bone Synovium tissue that provides lubricating fluid to joint Ligament flexible tissue that holds knee joint together
52 What Causes Knee Joint Pain? One of the most common causes of joint pain is arthritis. The most common types of arthritis are: Osteoarthritis (OA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Post-traumatic Arthritis
53 Knee Surgery May be suitable for patients who: Have a painful, disabling joint disease of the knee resulting from a severe form of arthritis Are not likely to achieve satisfactory results from less invasive procedures, medication, physical therapy, or joint fluid supplements Have bone stock that is of poor quality or inadequate for other reconstructive techniques
54 Total Knee Joint Replacement End surface of femur replaced with metal End surface of tibia replaced with metal Plastic liner is inserted between femur and tibia to reduce wear Patella is resurfaced with plastic
55 Recovery Your Treatment Options
56 Recovery Every individual is different and every treatment plan is different. The length of hospital stay after joint replacement varies and depends on many factors including age and physical ability. Estimated Recovery Schedule: In-hospital Recovery: 2 5 days Significant Functional Improvement: 6 weeks 3 months Maximal Improvement: 6 12 months
57 Recovery Rehabilitation Following joint replacement the physical therapist begins an exercise program to be performed in bed and in the therapy department. The physical therapist or another member of the staff works with the patient to help the patient: Regain muscle strength Increase range of motion
58 When will I be able to go back to a normal daily routine? This is a decision only you and your surgeon can make. Every patient s experience is different. However, there are some general guidelines your doctor may give you: You'll practice stair-climbing in the hospital and should be able to do this by the time you leave You should have no restrictions on leaving your home as long as your safety and comfort are assured. Just don't tire yourself out; a good balance of exercise, rest, and relaxation is best for helping your body heal and gain strength When to resume driving a car, going to work, and/or participating in sports activities are all highly individualized decisions. Be sure to follow your doctor's or orthopaedic surgeon's advice and recommendations
59 After Surgery Limitations For approximately 12 weeks after surgery certain limitations are placed on your activities. When fully recovered, most patients can return to work. However, some types of work may not be advisable for individuals with a joint replacement. These types of work include: Construction work Certain types of carpentry Occupations that involve repeated high climbing
60 After Surgery Limitations Athletic activities that place excessive stress on the joint replacement will need to be avoided. Examples of these activities include: Skiing (snow or water) Basketball Baseball Contact sports Running Frequent jumping
61 Realistic Expectations Physical Activities After joint replacement, acceptable physical activities should: Not cause pain including pain felt later Not jar the joint running and jumping should be avoided Not place the joint in the extremes of its range of motion Be pleasurable
62 Realistic Expectations Longevity of Joint Replacement It is impossible to predict in individual cases how long a joint replacement will last. Many factors determine the outcome including: Age Weight Activity level Bone strength
63 Realistic Expectations Lifestyle Your Treatment Options
64 Realistic Expectations Lifestyle Your Treatment Options
65 Questions orthodoc.aaos.org/wmrmarshall Orthopaedic Associates
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