Stalking & Sexual Assault

Transcription

1 Stalking & Sexual Assault Predatory Behavior and Protecting Victims Lara Murray Director, Dating Violence Resource Center 1

2 What is the Difference Between stalking and surveillance? 2

3 What is the Difference Between stalking and premeditation? 3

4 Perpetrators Sexual assault & Stalking by known perpetrators: Intimate partners/ former intimate partners Dates/ former dates/ acquaintances Sexual assault & Stalking by strangers 4

5 Sexual Assault, Stalking & Known Perpetrators 5

6 What We Know National Violence Against Women survey 31% of stalking victims who were stalked by an intimate partner reported that they had been sexually assaulted by that partner 6

7 Voyeurism/Surveillance & Stalking New Jersey Case H.E.S. v. J.C.S., 793 A.2d 780 (N.J. Ct. App. 2002) 7

8 What We Know Sexual Victimization of College Women % of college women had been stalked since the school year began. 80% of victims knew or had seen the stalker before In 10.3% of incidents, the victim reported that the stalker forced or attempted sexual contact 8

9 What We Know Sexual Victimization of College Women % of women experienced a completed or attempted rape in roughly 6 months Nearly 5% of college women are assaulted annually Over the course of a college career, 20 25% will experience a completed or attempted sexual assault 9

10 Stalking & Sexual Assault Massachusetts case Case example from Tom Kirkman 10

11 The Rape Paradox There are millions of victims 1 out of every 8 adult women has been the victim of forcible rape sometime in her life (Rape in America,, 1992) But relatively few incarcerated rapists Only about 5% of all rapists are incarcerated or in treatment programs to be able to be studied 84% of rape victims do not report the assault to law enforcement (Rape in America,, 1992) Where are all the rapists? 11

12 Population of Rapists 12

13 What Kind of Rapist ends up in a place like this? 13

14 Stereotypes about Rapists Nice guy Drank too much Miscommunication Not premeditated Won t happen again 14

15 Stereotypes about Rapists Ski mask Knife Blitz attack Brutal injuries Assaults strangers 15

16 Population of Rapists 16

17 Dr. Lisak s Research Summary of studies of 1,882 men: Duke University & University of Massachusetts Men were interviewed as part of the study they were volunteer participants Research Published in Violence and Victims, Volume 17, Number 1 (February 2002) 17

18 Dr. Lisak s Research Findings: Of the 1,882 men: 120 (6.4%) met criteria for rape or attempted rape 76 reported committing multiple rapes 120 committed a total of 483 rapes, but the 76 repeat rapists committed 439 of them (average of 5.8 each). 70 of the 120 admitted to other acts of interpersonal violence, including battery, physical/sexual abuse of kids, and sexual assault short of rape/attempted rape. 18

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20 Violence Committed by Serial Rapists 76 Serial Rapists committed 439 attempted and completed rapes 49 sexual assaults 277 sexual assaults of children 66 physical assaults of children 214 batteries Total: 1045 violence offenses 20

21 Video 21

22 To Order this tape: Select National Judicial Education Program Select The Undetected Rapist $15 22

23 Implications of Dr. Lisak s Research The typical rapist Does not use a weapon Uses instrumental, not gratuitous violence Has access to consensual sex Comes from all racial and ethnic groups Is not mentally ill 23

24 Implications of Dr. Lisak s Research The typical rapist Premeditates and plans his attack Uses multiple strategies to make victims vulnerable Uses alcohol deliberately Increases violence as needed to succeed 24

25 Dr. Lisak s Research Interviews with the men revealed: Rapist feels anger not empathy when a victim resists. Rapist minimizes and sanitizes his violence. Women are targets & prey Women are staked out Is this stalking? 25

26 Sexual Assault and Stalking by Strangers 26

27 Sexual Assault and Stalking by Strangers 22% of victims report being raped by a stranger. (Rape in America,1992) 20% of stalking victims did not know or had not seen the stalker before (Sexual Victimization of College Women, 2000) 10.3% of incidents, the victim reported that the stalker forced or attempted sexual contact (Sexual Victimization of College Women, 2000) 27

28 Rape Kit Case Case example from A Typology of Interpersonal Stalking; Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 11, No. 4, December

29 FBI Research Interviews with convicted rapists in prison. General pattern for rape: Targeted women Watched them over time Waited for opportunity when woman was vulnerable Is this stalking? Is it voyeurism? 29

30 FBI Research Appearance and/or dress of victim was virtually never a factor in how or why the rapist picked his victim. Rapists picked victims based on observation (voyeurism). Rapists essentially were stalking several women at a time waiting for an opportunity. 30

31 DC Rapist Case 31

32 Similarities Between Perpetrators Many rapists are serial rapists Rape is usually planned in advance Victim s accessibility was primary factor in rapist s decision Victim s appearance had little or nothing to do with the rapist s decision Others? 32

33 Is there a connection Between stalking and sexual assault? 33

34 The Nature of Predators 1. Look for vulnerabilities 2. Isolate the victim 3. Wear down resistance 4. Attack 34

35 How should this influence the work of Advocates Law Enforcement Prosecutors Other Practitioners 35

36 Resources and Thanks SSA Gene Rugala Federal Bureau of Investigation Deviant Criminal Sexuality, 1993 Interview January 2003 Dr. David Lisak University of Massachusetts, Boston Department of Psychology 36

37 Contact Information National Center for Victims of Crime 2000 M Street NW, Suite 480 Washington, DC Dating Violence Resource Center Stalking Resource Center Lara Murray lmurray@ncvc.org Tracy Bahm 37