ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION in accordance with ISO 14025, ISO and EN 15804

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1 Ver ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION in accordance with ISO 1425, ISO 2193 and EN 1584 Owner of the declaration: Program operator: 7KH 1RUZHJLDQ (3' )RXQGDWLRQ The Norwegian EPD Foundation Publisher: Declaration number: 1(3' (1 Issue date Valid to: Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 1

2 General information Product: Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil Owner of the declaration: Contact person: Asta Soininen Louise Bävertoft Nyberg Phone: +358 () asta.soininen@ruukki.com louise.bavertoft@ruukki.com Program operator: EPDNorge Manufacturer: Post Box 525 Majorstuen, 33 Oslo PL 138, 811 Helsinki, Finland Phone: Phone: +358 () post@epdnorge.no Declaration number: ECO Platform reference number: < Place of production: Peräseinäjoki and Ylivieska (Finland), Gargzdai (Lithuania), and Oborniki (Poland) Management system: ISO 141 ISO 91 This declaration is based on Product Category Rules: CEN Standard EN 1584 serves as core PCR NPCR 13 Steel as Construction Material Rev 1 (8/213) Organisation no. (Finland): Statement of liability: The owner of the declaration shall be liable for the underlying information and evidence. EPD Norway shall not be liable with respect to manufacturer information, life cycle assessment data and evidences. Issue date: <xx.xx.xxxx> Valid to: <xx.xx.xxxx> Declared unit: 1 of steel structures Year of study: 214 Declared unit with option: Production of 1 of steel structure (A1A3), including transport to gate in Norway (A4) and recycling of steel (D) Comparability: EPD of construction products may not be comparable if they not comply with EN 1584 and seen in a building context. Functional unit: The EPD has been worked out by: Asta Soininen () Verification: The CEN Norm EN 1584 serves as the core PCR. Independent verification of the declaration and data, according to ISO1425:21 internal Third party verifier: sign external <Title Name> (Independent verifier approved by EPD Norway) Norwegian specific additions have been worked out by Michael M. Jenssen and Annik M. Fet (Global & Local AS) Approved sign <Name> (Managing Director EPDNorway) NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 2

3 Product Product description: Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil for use in building construction projects. Steel structures are highly prefabricated, readytoinstall, energyefficient solutions for single and multistorey buildings. A frame solution for multistorey buildings usually consists of workshopprimed WQ beams and coated composite columns, which can be used to create modifiable premises. Typical singlestorey buildings are constructed using prefabricated trusses. There are also many fire protection solutions available for frames. The steel in the steel structures under this environmental product declaration is sourced from Ruukki s steel works in Raahe, Finland. The amount of scrap steel used varies between around 2 3 % of the steel charge depending on the steel grade and method of manufacture. In 212, the average value was 2%. Use of energy and raw materials has been optimised in steel production. Technical description: This environmental product declaration covers steel structures made by Ruukki in Peräseinäjoki and Ylivieska (Finland), Gargzdai (Lithuania) and in Oborniki (Poland). Choice of production site is determined according to, for example, product requirements and construction site location. Steel made in Raahe steel mill in Finland is used in the structures. Steel structures include steel beams, girders, columns, trusses, bonds and embedded fixtures made in conformity with EN 19 standard. Welded sections and WQ beams are made from hotrolled, plate, sheet and coil. Trusses and structural tubes are made of coldformed tube. Steel plates, tubes or sections are first cut by flame cutting or sawing to the required length and then welded together, shot blasted and coated with paint. Surface treatment causes volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions of approximately 5 per tonne produced. VOC emissions per tonne depend, however, on the weight of the structure and the chosen painting system. Coating is chosen according to customer requirements and the corrosivity category. Coating is done using 1 3 layers of either polyurethane, zinc powder, alkyd or epoxy paint. Coating thickness is 136 µm depending on the corrosivity category. If fireretardant paint is required, it is added between the primer and top coat in frames. Coating thickness of fireretardant paint depends on fire resistance requirements. Market: Norway Product specification: Steel is an alloy of mainly iron and carbon, with small amounts of elements used as alloying elements. These elements improve the chemical and physical properties of steel such as strength, durability and corrosion resistance. The alloying elements of steel are closely linked to its chemical matrix. The steel used in steel structures meets the quality criteria for steel according to EN standards. Welding consumables and coatings are the other raw materials used in the manufacture of steel structures. Measures are done to a level of,2 µg/g (,2%). Concentrations below this degree of measuring accuracy cannot be determined. Example of the composition of a typical steel structure Materials Content (%) of total Name of ingredient product weight Content () of total product weight Maximum part content, % (w/w) Content % (w/w) of total product weight CAS number Risk and hazard phrases and other data on the ingredient Steel > 96* >,96 Iron (Fe) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Carbon (C) Nickel (Ni) 95,8 1,7,8,22,5 91,9 1,64,77,22 <, R443; H351, H317 Cobalt (Co),12 <, R42/4353; H334, H317, H413 Coating < 3,7* <,37 Zinc powder** 57 <, R55153; H4, H411, H413 Zinc boreate*** < 2,5 <, , R55153; H4, H411, H413 Welding consumables <,3* <,3 Iron (Fe) * In fireprotected structures, the content of steel may be lower and the coating higher, see the "Environmental Impact" table below. ** Exists in corrosivity categories C3HC4H only when zink paint is needed *** Exists in fire protected structures only 97,5 <, NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 3

4 Average and maximum content (%) of coating of total product weight in steel structures Corrosive category* Trusses and structural tubes Trusses and structural tubes WQ Beam, average content and sections, average and sections, maximum (%) content (%) C1,52 C2 1,4 C3 1,34 C4 1,85 C5L(H), C5M(H)**,49 Fire protected C2 6,67 * According to EN ISO ** Typically in bridge superstructures Reference service life, product: Reference service life, building: 1 years (NPCR 13 Rev 1 Steel as Construction Material 8/13). Not relevant for cradletogate. LCA: Calculation rules Declared unit: 1 of steel structures content (%) 1,3 1,82 3,66 2,91,83 16,57,9,21,22,27,48,12,28,52,43,96 WQ Beam, maximum content (%) System boundary: Cradle to gate (A1A3), including transport to gate in Norway (A4) and the recycling of steel (D). The chart describes the lifecycle stages of steel structures. Lifecycle assessment excludes the lifecycle stages in a grey bacround. This environmental product declaration covers the lifecycle of the product from cradle to factory gate, i.e. information modules A1, A2, A3, including an endoflife recycling rate of 9% for steel, i.e. the external lifecycle impacts from information module D ( cradle to gate with options ). This means that a burden is allocated for the steel scrap that is used as an input to the steel making process, and a credit for the endoflife (EoL) steel that is recycled. The lifecycle assessment in the environmental production declaration does not include information in the building stage (A4 A5), the use and operational stage (B1 B5; B6 B7) nor the demolition stage (C1 C4). The impact of recycling has been calculated using worldsteel s (World Steel Association) LCA data so that the compensation is the difference between the primary and secondary production of a steel slab perceived with the acquisition of the recycling process of recycled steel is needed to produce 1 of steel in secondary production. Ruukki uses an average of 2% scrap steel in its steel production. The benefits and loads of the scrap steel used by Ruukki are accounted for in module D in accordance with worldsteel s lifecycle model. To avoid double calculation, these are not reported separately as use of secondary material in accordance with standard EN The lifecycle benefits of the byproducts originating in steel production have been allocated to steel production in accordance with worldsteel s lifecycle model so that the benefits are seen in the lifecycle information for Raw material supply (A1). Allocation of byproducts is calculated as reducing environmental impacts in the production of hotrolled steel by 51%, and an average of 8%. NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 4

5 Data quality: General requirements and guidelines concerning use of generic and specific data and the quality of those are as described in EN 1584: 212, clause and The data is representative according to temporal, geographical and technological requirements. Temporal: All specific data is based on annual measurement or estimation on production or manufacturing site. The Ruukki and SSAB specific data is from year 212. Generic data used is max. 1 years old. Geographical: Steel production data is based on the Finnish steel factory data from SSAB s factories in Raahe. Construction products manufacturing data is based on the data from the Ruukki factories in Ylivieska and Peräseinäjoki in Finland. The Finnish construction products manufacturing data is estimated to equal Ruukki s other production and manufacturing conditions so that EPDs cover Ruukki s production sites also in Gargzdai in Lithuania and Oborniki in Poland. The structural steel EPD covers all the manufacturing sites that have production primarily to Nordic countries. Upstream data and electricity mix from the databases is GaBi database 6.16 origin eg. Electricity mix is representating average Power grid mix 21 in Sweden for production in Finland. The electricity grid mix SSAB Finnish production and manufacturing uses is Nordic, but it is not available in the database used. The Finnish grid mix in Worldsteel GaBi model does not represent the present combination of neither the Finnish grid mix nor the Nordic grid mix. The option closest to the combination used is Swedish. Technological: Data represent the technology in use. SSAB and Ruukki uses the best available technology in all production and manufacturing sites. SSAB and Ruukki holds valid environmental permits in all units. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN Incoming energy and water and waste production inhouse is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis. Cutoff criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production process for raw materials and energy flows that are included with very small amounts (<1%) are not included. This cutoff rule does not apply for hazardous materials and substances. LCA: Scenarios and additional technical information The following information describe the scenarios in the different modules of the EPD. Transportation from Ruukki Construction manufacturing site (Finland) to central warehouse in Oslo. Trucks (EURO4 and EURO5) are used from Peräseinäjoki (Finland) Naantali (Finland) and Kappelskär (Sweden) Oslo (Norway) (89 km). Boats are used between Naantali (Finland) Kappelskär (Sweden) (21 km). Transport from production place to user (A4) Type Capacity utilisation (incl. return) % Type of vehicle Distance km Fuel/Energy consumption (l/tkm) Value (l/t) Truck Truck Boat 1 EUR4 4t 1 EUR5 6t 48 Boat, 135 DWT ,12,6,4 3,57 3,43,775 Benefits and loads beyond the system boundaries (D) Parameter GWP ODP POCP AP EP ADPM ADPE Unit CO 2 eqv CFC11eqv C 2 H 4 eqv SO 2 eqv PO 3 4 eqv Sbeqv Value 1,3 4,1E8 6,43E4 9,16E2 8,78E5 1,31E5 13,7 NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 5

6 LCA: Results 1 of steel structures made of hotformed structural tubes and sections System boundaries (X=included, MND=module not declared, MNR=module not relevant) Product stage Assemby stage Use stage End of life stage Beyond the system boundaries Raw materials Transport Manufacturing Transport Assembly Use Maintenance Repair Replacement Refurbishment Operational energy use Operational water use Deconstruction demolition Transport Waste processing Disposal ReuseRecovery Recyclingpotential A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D X X X X MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND X Environmental impact Parameter Unit CO 2 eqv ODP CFC11eqv POCP C 2 H 4 eqv AP EP ADPM ADPE SO 2 eqv PO 3 4 eqv Sbeqv A1 9,73E9 3,77E4 5,E4 1,26E5 24,19 2,19E5 5,29E1,19 A3 1,8E11 1,5E3 5,29E5 2,26E7 3,21 A1 A3 GWP 2,44,1,25 2,71 4,58E3 A2 6,72E14 1,2E5 1,7E4 7,9E4 9,74E9 1,89E3 5,48E3 5,75E4 1,28E5 27,59 A4,2 1,35E13 1,74E5 8,64E5 2,13E5 9,19E1,29 D 1,3 4,1E8 6,43E4 9,16E2 8,78E5 1,31E5 13,7 GWP Global warming potential; ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer; POCP Formation potential of tropospheric photochemical oxidants; AP Acidification potential of land and water; EP Eutrophication potential; ADPM Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources; ADPE Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources Resource use Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3 A1A3 A4 D RPEE,44,1 1,71 2,16 1,4E2,75 RPEM 2,12E14 TPE,44 1,E2 1,71 2,16 1,4E2,75 NRPE 12,84,19 4,74 17,78,28,87 NRPM 12,1 12,1 1,78E3 1,67 TRPE SM RSF 24,95 *,19 4,74 29,89,29 12,18 NRSF m 3 W 2,E2,2 1,45E3 * Average for Finnish steelworks is,2, but no specific number has here been calculated. = Indicator not assessed RPEE Renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; RPEM Renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; TPE Total use of renewable primary energy resources; NRPE Non renewable primary energy resources used as energy carrier; NRPM Non renewable primary energy resources used as materials; TRPE Total use of non renewable primary energy resources; SM Use of secondary materials; RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF Use of non renewable secondary fuels; W Use of net fresh water NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 6

7 End of life Waste Parameter Unit HW NHW RW = Indicator not assessed A1 5,37E2 4,12E4 2,97E4 A2 A3 7,48E3 7,2E3 6,38E4 A1 A3 6,12E2 7,62E3 9,35E4 A4 D 6,28E3 3,66E2 4,39E4 HW Hazardous waste disposed; NHW Non hazardous waste disposed; RW Radioactive waste disposed End of life Output flow Parameter Unit CR MR MER EEE ETE *Total exported energy A1 A2 A3 A1 A3,4* A4 D CR Components for reuse; MR Materials for recycling; MER Materials for energy recovery; EEE Exported electric energy; ETE Exported thermal energy Reading example: 9, E3 = 9,*1 3 =,9 Additional Norwegian requirements Greenhous gas emission from the use of electricity in the manufacturing phase National production mix from import, low woltage (production of transmission lines, in addition to direct emissions and losses in grid) of applied electricity for the manufacturing prosess(a3). SSAB and Ruukki uses Nordic electricity mix in production in Finland. The electricity mix used in the EPD is Swedish, meaning it is based on the mix of primary fuels used in Sweden, representing the closest option in Worldsteel model for the actual electricity mix used in SSAB and Ruukki production. The Finnish electricity mix in GaBi software is outdated. Data source Amount Unit GaBi 6 Swedish electricity mix 97,8 g CO 2 eqv/kwh Dangerous substances The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list The product contains substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list that are less than,1 % by weight. The product contain dangerous substances, more then,1% by weight, given by the REACH Candidate List or the Norwegian Priority list, see table. The product contains no substances given by the REACH Candidate list or the Norwegian priority list. The product is classified as hazardous waste (Avfallsforskiften, Annex III), see table. Indoor environment No tests have been carried out on the product concerning indoor climate Not relevant. Carbon footprint Carbon footprint has not been worked out for the product. NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 7

8 Bibliography ISO 1425:21 ISO 1444:26 EN 1584:212+A1:213 ISO 2193:27 Environmental labels and declarations Type III environmental declarations Principles and procedures Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines Sustainability of construction works Environmental product declaration Core rules for the product category of construction products Sustainability in building construction Environmental declaration of building products Soininen, A., Koivula, H., Kautonen, P. EPD Project report NPCR 13 Rev 1 Steel as construction material (8/13) Program operator Phone: The Norwegian EPD Foundation Post Box 525 Majorstuen, 33 Oslo post@epdnorge.no Norway web Publisher Phone: The Norwegian EPD Foundation Post Box 525 Majorstuen, 33 Oslo post@epdnorge.no Norway web Owner of the declaration Phone: +358 () construction.fredrikstad PL 138, 811 Helsinki, Finland Author of the Life Cycle Assessment Phone: +358 () Asta Soininen asta.soininen@ruukki.com PL 138, 811 Helsinki, Finland web NEPD32424EN Welded and coated sections, trusses and beams made of hotrolled plate, sheet and coil 8