CHILDREN ON THE MOVE: GAPS AND CHALLENGES IN THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM SAVE THE CHILDREN S EXPERIENCE IN ITALY
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1 XI ICPC Colloquium, November 17/19, 2014 Palermo (Italy) CHILDREN ON THE MOVE: GAPS AND CHALLENGES IN THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM SAVE THE CHILDREN S EXPERIENCE IN ITALY Viviana Valastro Children on the Move Protection Programme Head of Unit
2 CHILDREN IN MIGRATION CHILDREN ARE BECOMING A MORE RECOGNIZED PART OF GLOBAL MIGRATION FLOWS Globally, there are some 33 million international migrants under 20 years of age, concerning which there are 95 female migrants for every 100 male. 15 to 19 year olds account for 34% (11 million) of these; year olds comprise 26% (9 million). Age groups 5 to 9 and 0 to 4 represent 22% (7 million) and 18% (6 million) respectively. Some 60% of (around 20 million) international migrants under 20 years old reside in least developed and developing countries. Child and adolescent migrants comprise the largest group of the total migrant population in Africa (28%), followed by Asia (21%), Oceania (11%), Europe (11%), and the Americas (10%). Source: International Migrant Children and Adolescents Facts and Figures (0-19 y/o) 1
3 CHILDREN ON THE MOVE Save the Children adopts a holistic focus on child migration, using the following umbrella definition of children on the move: Those children moving for a variety of reasons, voluntarily or involuntarily, within or between countries, with or without their parents or other primary caregivers, and whose movement might place them at risk (or at an increased risk) of economic or sexual exploitation, abuse, neglect and violence. This definition brings together children: who have been trafficked asylum seeking children children who migrate (eg, to pursue better life opportunities; to look for work or education; to reunite with family; or to escape exploitative or abusive situations at home) children displaced by conflict and natural disasters children who live and work in the streets. 2
4 THE CHALLENGE SAVE THE CHILDREN has increasingly recognized that TRANSNATIONAL COORDINATION MECHANISMS ARE NECESSARY ARE NECESSARY TO HELP IDENTIFY THE CHILD AND ESTABLISH LONG TERM SOLUTION FOR HIS/HER CARE AND PROTECTION All States have an obligation to respect and ensure the human rights of all children, including children on the move. An appropriate response to the needs of children who move across international borders often relies not only on national laws and policies but also on effective transnational cooperation between public and private actors, based on the best interests of the child. BUT insufficient attention has so far been paid to what is needed to facilitate and support such transnational collaboration. 3
5 THE CHALLENGE SAVE THE CHILDREN believes that key stakeholders should reflect together on how to ensure that States receive clearer guidance on how such transnational cooperation should be put in place, which obligations and principles this cooperation should be based on, what actors should be involved, which accountability mechanisms should support transnational cooperation and which resources would be needed. in this process the voices and views of children directly involved in migration should be listened and taken into consideration. 4
6 VOICES OF CHILDREN ON THE MOVE COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD DAY OF GENERAL DISCUSSION 2012 THE RIGHTS OF AL CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 5
7 WHY INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION MECHANISMS MATTER PREVENTING THE NEED FOR, AND MITIGATING THE RISK OF, UNSAFE MIGRATION IN COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN ESTABLISHING THE IDENTITY OF THE CHILD IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG TERM SOLUTIONS 6
8 MIGRATION FLOWS TO ITALY AND THROUGH ITALY TO OTHER EU COUNTRIES
9 MIGRANTS ARRIVED IN ITALY BY SEA Jan-Oct 2014 Source: MoI Dep.Public Security Total of migrants arrived ( in 2011) Total of children arrived (4.500 in 2011) Unaccompanied children (4.210 in 2011) Age Countries of origin Eritrea (3.380) Egypt (1.965) Somalia (1.100) Main places of arrival Sicily ( > Lampedusa), Calabria (21.734), Apulia (15.559), Main exit points Lybia, Egypt
10 ADVOCACY pressure on other responsible actors (family, care facilities for children, local institutions, government, international community) in order to ask them to fulfill their obligations PROGRAMMES Interventions addressed to children and adolescents to promote and protect their rights
11 SAVE THE CHILDREN OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES ON PROTECTION OF CHILDREN ON THE MOVE IN ITALY PRAESIDIUM Sicily, Apulia, Calabria CIVICOZERO Rome Milan (Turin) A 28 Rome 10
12 PRAESIDIUM Multi-agency cooperation to manage mixed migration flows MONITORING RECEPTION CONDITIONS PROVIDING LEGAL INFORMATION SUPPORT ING IN ASSESSING VULNERABILITIES early identification and referral
13 OTHER STC PRAESIDIUM Project activities CHILD RIGHTS PARTICIPATION CHILD SAFEGUARDING POLICY 12
14 CIVICOZERO ROMA, MILANO (AND TURIN) DAY DROP IN CENTRE FOR CHILDREN AT RISK LOW-THRESHOLD CHILDREN S NEEDS: SHOWERS, WASHING MACHINE, FOOD, INTERNET, RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, TRAINED EDUCATORS, CLMS AND PEER EDUCATORS, LEGAL INFORMATION AND ADVICE, ETC OUTREACH ACTIVITIES SUPPORT FOR CHILDREN IN PENAL CIRCUIT: MEDIATION BETWEEN INSTITUTIONS AND FAMILIES PARTICIPATION IN THE LIFE OF THE CENTRE: ART/PHOTOGRAPHY LABORATORIES, CENTRE NEWSLETTER REFLECTION ON THEIR SITUATION AND RIGHTS: PEER RESEARCH, PARTICIPATION
15 MILAN: INTERVENTION IN THE RAILWAY STATION FOR SYRIANS
16 A28 NIGHT CENTRE FOR CHILDREN ON THE ON THE MOVE Emergency overnight centre open in the centre of Rome from 10 PM to 8 AM every day of the year and provides children on the move protection and satisfaction of basic needs 22 (+2) places for unaccompanied children also without being fingerprinted and registered by law enforcement authorities Mainly Afghans (since 2014 also Eritreans)
17 Providing Alternatives to Irregular Migration for Unaccompanied Children in Egypt Overall objective: To reduce the number of unaccompanied minors from Egypt who are at risk of harm and exploitation due to their irregular migration to Italy 16
18 ADVOCACY pressure on other responsible actors (family, care facilities for children, local institutions, government, international community) in order to ask them to fulfill their obligations PROGRAMMES Interventions addressed to children and adolescents to promote and protect their rights
19 UASC more relevant IT protection gaps Lack of a national reception system Uncertainty on fundings for UASC reception Low standards of reception at the arrival and in care facilities for children at the border (in particular, not authorized) A national protocol with procedures for age assessment is still missing Delay on the appointment of the Guardian and Majors of Municipalities appointed as guardians (bad practice). Law on temporary guardian not applicated Lack of clear and fast procedures for family reunification in Italy or in EU countries -> children in transit -> risk of trafficking and exploitation
20 ADVOCACY: STC DRAFT OF LAW (AC 1658) standardization of procedures for the identification and age assessment establishment of a national reception system, that foresees a suitable number of places available and guarantees quality standards establishment of a national reception system (i.e. SPRAR for all unaccompanied children not only for asylum seekers to manage the placement of children arriving in Italy in all the Country to guarantee a National Fund for the reception of unaccompanied minors in order to avoid burden on municipalities budget establishment of a register of volunteer guardians
21 ADVOCACY: RAISING AWARENESS ACTIVITY COM FAKE PROFILE ON FB
22 Thank you for your attention and keep in touch! Viviana Valastro Phone:
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