Variable-flow water systems Design, installation and commissioning guidance
|
|
- Alicia Alice Wilkerson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 APPLICATION GUIDE AG 16/2002 Variable-flow water systems Design, installation and commissioning guidance By Arnold Teekaram and Anu Palmer Supported by
2 PREFACE There are significant benefits to variable speed pumping in terms of both energy cost and capital cost. The main energy savings derive from the pump law relationship which indicates that (for a system with fixed resistance) halving the flow rate would reduce the pump power to roughly one eighth its previous value. This theoretical saving is however unlikely to be achieved on an actual variable flow installation because of the following: Changes in the system resistance as valves close Reduction in the pump efficiency as the system characteristics change Variable speed drive losses. Capital cost saving opportunities are likely to arise from the potential diversity of load during pipe and pump sizing. Constant flow heating and chilled water systems are generally well understood by designers and commissioning specialists. The commissioning procedure involves setting up systems to achieve fixed flow rate parameters. Most of the valves used for commissioning are manually adjusted during commissioning, and three-port valves are used to modulate flow rate and hence heat transfer across coils. There are significant differences in systems where pump speed is allowed to vary. Some of the valves used may be self-acting types responding to changes in pressure. Control of heat transfer is more likely to be achieved through the use of two-port valves which need to be able to shut off against the system pressures. Inevitably, the designer and commissioning specialist must take into account part load conditions as part of commissioning and system proving. For these reasons, many of the commissioning procedures laid down in the BSRIA Application Guide AG 2/89.3: Commissioning Water Systems - Application Principles 1 are not applicable to systems with variable speed pumps. This Guide is therefore aimed at these specific types of system. The format of the Guide is the same as the aforementioned Commissioning Water System AG 2/89.3 in that guidance is split into three parts: The Design of Commissionable Systems, The Installation of Commissionable Systems and Commissioning Procedures. Cross reference is made to other BSRIA commissioning guides as appropriate, although every effort has been made to make this guide a standalone document. It is hoped that the introduction of this guide, and other supporting guidance on variable speed applications, will encourage their implementation on a wider scale. This will hopefully result in a realisation of the significant energy saving potential that such systems have to offer. The recommendations given in this document are for guidance only. VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
3 CONTENTS DEFINITIONS LIST OF SYMBOLS PART A: THE DESIGN OF COMMISSIONABLE SYSTEMS 1 1 INTRODUCTION General Commissioning information 1 2 PIPEWORK SYSTEM DESIGN Self-balancing arrangements Flow velocities Pump selection Inverter drives System cleanliness Venting Access 9 3 FLOW MEASUREMENT AND REGULATING DEVICES Regulating valves Flow measurement devices Flow measurement/regulating/isolating devices 12 4 GUIDELINES FOR COMPONENT SELECTION AND APPLICATION Flow measurement/regulation options Selection criteria 22 5 SPECIFYING FLOW RATES AND TOLERANCES Accuracy of flow measurements 24 6 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Return temperature and demand in variable volume systems Pressure distribution Benefits and design considerations Design considerations 30 7 EXAMPLE OF VARIABLE FLOW SYSTEM DESIGNS The Bodle-Orchard circuit Boiler house circuit Sub-circuits and branches 40 PART B: THE INSTALLATION OF COMMISSIONABLE SYSTEMS 45 1 MANAGEMENT General Organisation and planning 45 2 PIPEWORK INSTALLATION PROCEDURES Good housekeeping Good workmanship Good pipework arrangements Adequate accessibility 53 vi viii VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
4 CONTENTS 3 INSTALLATION OF VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES 54 4 INSTALLATION INSPECTIONS 56 PART C: COMMISSIONING OF VARIABLE FLOW HYDRONIC SYSTEMS 57 1 INTRODUCTION 57 2 CONSTANT VOLUME COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES Least favoured and most favoured circuits Proportional balancing Balancing of branches and risers 61 3 SYSTEM COMPONENTS COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES Inverter-driven pumps DPCV in sub-circuits controlling single loads DPCV in sub-circuits controlling serveral loads Primary constant volume circuit serving a secondary circuit Primary variable serving constant-volume secondary flow Variable volume served by variable primary flow Variable primary serving a variable secondary at different temperatures Use of differential pressure control valve across a single control valve Combination valves in sub-circuits Two-port valves Thermostatic radiator valves Variable speed drives 71 4 VARIABLE FLOW COMMISSIONING PROCEDURES Case study Commissioning procedure Information to be recorded in final commissioning report 78 5 HYDRONIC VARIABLE FLOW COMMISSIONING PROBLEMS 80 REFERENCES 82 TABLES Table 1: Recommended range of water velocities (CIBSE Guide, Volume C, 2000). 4 Table 2: Valves and flow measurement devices. 11 Table 3: Typical flow rate accuracies for flow measurement devices 24 VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
5 FIGURES Figure 1: Fixed-speed pump performance characteristics 6 Figure 2: Variable-speed pump performance characteristics 7 Figure 3: An example of a double regulating valve 11 Figure 4: Examples of fixed-orifice fittings 12 Figure 5: Examples of variable-orifice double regulating valves 13 Figure 6: Typical fixed-orifice double regulating valve 13 Figure 7: Cartridge type constant flow regulator 14 Figure 8: An adjustable flow controller 15 Figure 9: Typical differential pressure control valve 16 Figure 10: Combination valve 17 Figure 11: The arrangement of a combination valve 17 Figure 12: Relationship between flow rate and pressure drop for a combination valve 18 Figure 13: Practical construction of a combination valve 19 Figure 14: Pipework schematic showing valve locations 21 Figure 15: Return temperature variation in heating systems 25 Figure 16: Return temperature variation in chilled water systems 26 Figure 17: Pressure distance diagram 27 Figure 18: Pressure distance diagram 28 Figure 19: Pressure-distance diagram 29 Figure 20: Bodle-Orchard circuit for a variable-volume heating system 34 Figure 21: Bodle-Orchard circuit for a primary/secondary variable-volume heating system 35 Figure 22: Schematic of sub-circuits 36 Figure 23: Schematic of injection sub-circuit 37 Figure 24: Performance of a radiator as a function of the return temperature of the radiator 39 Figure 25: Control of minimum flow through boilers 42 Figure 26: Installation of self acting differential pressure control valve 50 Figure 27: Differential pressure control valve located at the bottom of a riser 50 Figure 28: Differential pressure control valve on floor branch 51 Figure 29: Use of reverse acting bypass valve 51 Figure 30: Two-port isolating valve in branch with differential pressure control valve 52 Figure 31: Installation of a combination valve 52 Figure 32: Least favoured and most favoured circuits 59 Figure 33: Schematic of sub-circuit 60 Figure 34: Commissioning of a differential pressure control valve with single load in sub-circuit 63 Figure 35: The Commissioning of a differential pressure control valve with several loads in a sub-circuit 64 Figure 36: A secondary variable-volume circuit with a constant primary circuit 65 Figure 37: A secondary constant-volume circuit with a variable primary circuit 66 Figure 38: A secondary variable-volume circuit with a variable primary circuit 67 Figure 39: A pump arrangement in a secondary circuit 68 Figure 40: The arrangement of a differential pressure control valve across a control valve 69 Figure 41: Commissioning a combination valve 70 Figure 42: A system diagram detailing the configurations for three typical circuits 73 Figure 43: A commissioning network diagram 79 VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
6 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION A1 PART A: THE DESIGN OF COMMISSIONABLE SYSTEMS 1.1 GENERAL 1 INTRODUCTION As soon as possible, and no later than upon entering the scheme design stage, the designer should pay attention to the strategy for commissioning the scheme, and the level of commissioning expertise required. The designer should ask themself the following questions: Is external commissioning expertise required in support of the design role? Will the services sub-contractor have the capability in-house to carry out commissioning? Will the services sub-contractor have commissioning expertise available during the installation? In consideration of these aspects, the designer should advise if a commissioning specialist is required, and when that specialist should be appointed. The degree to which the designer influences decisions on these matters and advises the project management team will greatly affect the commissionability of the built systems. 1.2 COMMISSIONING INFORMATION To enable a water distribution system to be successfully commissioned, the designer must provide adequate information, documented in the form of drawings, schedules and specifications. The technical requirements of the commissioning works should be developed by the designer to define clearly: The scope of the works, in other words the systems to be commissioned, their functions and duration of operation and an explanation of their operational inter-relationships with other engineering services systems. The setting out of the responsibilities of the various parties (client, design team, main or managing contractor, installation contractor and commissioning specialist). BSRIA Technical Memorandum TM 1/88: Commissioning HVAC Systems, Division of Responsibilities 2, gives guidance on this subject. The technical specification of the commissioning work, for example: the standards (for example relevant parts of CIBSE Codes and BSRIA guides) to which the works should be carried out the tolerances for regulation and test results the reporting procedures required the witnessing procedures to be observed. Design drawings showing the layout of the system in relation to the building form and, if required, other engineering services. VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS 1
7 A1 INTRODUCTION Schematic diagrams clearly illustrating the design intent and including all the design information required to commission the system. For example: Water flow rates and system pressures Sizes Locations Reference Identification Terminal branches Branches Mains Pipes Valves Flow measurement devices Isolating valves Regulating valves Differential pressure control valves Control valves Flow measurement devices Differential pressure sensors Constant flow controllers Automatic flow controller Terminal units Isolating valves Regulating valves Differential pressure control valves Control valves Flow measurement devices Constant flow controllers Automatic flow controller The reference identification should be unique to each individual component to permit cross referencing and to enable a component to be identified in correspondence and telephone discussions. If the schematics are prepared at the same time as the design drawings, potential difficulties in regulation may often be revealed and rectified prior to installation. Schedules of major plant, equipment and components, crossreferenced to the design drawings and schematic diagrams. Additional design information required for commissioning which may not be available until after the appointment of the building services installer may include: electrical wiring diagrams of associated plant and equipment control system diagrams pump performance curves regulating valve calibration data, based upon calculated pipework head losses. 2 VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
8 INTRODUCTION A1 The specification of management requirements must be related to specific contractual conditions. Although the designer will strongly influence whether the commissioning specialist is to be employed by the main, managing or installing contractor, it is the latter who will specify: Forms of contract programme constraints resource levels method statements quality assurance procedures insurance requirements site establishment details compliance with site safety and industrial relations protocol bonds, warranties and guarantees. The different sources of project information required to fully specify commissioning should not, however, preclude the early appointment of a commissioning specialist. The specialist could be appointed on a consultant basis during the design phase, converting to a contractor later. VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS 3
9 MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT B1 PART B: THE INSTALLATION OF COMMISSIONABLE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT GENERAL The installer s responsibility is to provide a water installation which meets the specified requirements. To achieve this, properly managed resources must be allocated to the process of constructing a commissionable system. The tendering or appointed installer must carefully study the enquiry/contract documents to determine precisely the project requirements. The installer should ask himself the following questions: Is the installer called upon to install only? Does the installer have to commission the system and, if so, has the installer got the resources in-house or will a specialist need to be appointed? Has a commissioning specialist been appointed by the designer or client? Is the installer aware of the commissioning specialist s duties and requirements during the system construction? The designer/project team will have been responsible for establishing the commissioning strategy. The system installer must understand the strategy in order to meet the designer s requirements and enable the commissioning process to proceed. 1.2 ORGANISATION AND PLANNING Where the installer is responsible for commissioning, the installer should select and instruct the commissioning specialist at the earliest possible stage to ensure that commissioning expertise is available in the planning and programming of the commissioning tasks. Together, they should: Establish effective lines of communication between the commissioning specialist and other parties involved Produce a set of working drawings that show the detailed provisions for incorporating the commissioning facilities. These drawings must also show the details of required temporary facilities Review the contract documents to determine the requirements for commissioning, taking nothing for granted and seeking clarification where necessary Produce a realistic programme which incorporates the commissioning activities, phased and fully integrated with the main installation and construction programmes Regularly review the programme during installation to establish the effect of modifications and delays on the planned static completion and power-on dates and any other dates critical to the commissioning activities Acquire all the information specified in Section A1.2 from the designer VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS 45
10 B1 MANAGEMENT Obtain from equipment suppliers and manufacturers their latest information for all items supplied. Standard details which are not modified to suit the particular project should always be treated with caution. Manufacturer s literature should be checked for any installation requirements additional to those specified Progressively record as-installed information on at least two sets of installation drawings one clean set to facilitate the production of the record drawings and operating/maintenance documentation, and one site set for use by the commissioning specialist Establish systematic site control procedures to assist the progressive monitoring of the standard of the pipework installation practices maintained on site (see Section B2) Prepare co-ordinated ceiling plans illustrating access panel requirements Establish an equipment and materials procurement procedure which incorporates an effective means of checking each and every delivered item against specified requirements Retain all documents and literature provided with each delivered item of equipment for use by the commissioning engineer (and for inclusion in the operating and maintenance manuals). 46 VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
11 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION C1 PART C: COMMISSIONING OF VARIABLE FLOW HYDRONIC SYSTEMS 1 INTRODUCTION Effective commissioning of variable flow hydronic systems for heating and chilled water distribution is essential if they are to provide good controllability for the heating and cooling loads they serve. Traditionally the majority of building services applications, systems have been designed with fixed speed primary/secondary pumps to provide constant-volume flow with the application of three-port valves for controlling the loads in the sub-circuits. Arrangement of these valves in the sub-circuits can be such that the circuit is either a diverting, mixing or an injection circuit. For these circuits, operation of the circulating pumps is always at constant speed irrespective of whether the system is operating at full load or part load conditions. The main commissioning procedure for constant volume systems is therefore generally one of water balancing where the flows are proportionally balanced in the respective branches to satisfy the particular requirements of the system. Control and balancing are maintained at part load, but there are no savings from reduced pumping unless the heating is switched off in summer or the designer had provided smaller pumps for the summer duty. In variable-flow hydronic systems, reducing pump speed or staging of pumps with boilers and chillers to suit part-load conditions is an energy efficient method of control. These systems were developed as an alternative to constant volume systems because of the potential pump energy savings to be derived by varying the flows to match the diversity on load requirements. There is also the additional benefit from reduced pipe heat losses due to low return water temperatures that two-way valve systems give on part load compared to the higher return temperatures with three-way valve control. For such systems, components such as differential pressure controllers, inverter driven pumps, two-port control valves, combination valves, automatic variable volume limiter, constant flow controllers, orifice plates and pressure-tapped double regulating valves etc must be correctly installed and specified as an integral part of the design to maintain dynamic control and flow stability and to allow easy commissioning. In two-port valve systems one method of balancing and commissioning that makes life easy is to use differential pressure control valves, as these valves can perform a dual duty of maximum volume control and differential pressure control. Once a sub-circuit has been commissioned the differential pressure control effectively prevents the flow and balance in the sub-circuit being affected by other sub-circuits. The main purpose of the commissioning procedure will therefore be to ensure that the system is proportionally balanced to give design flows under design (full load) conditions in the same way as constant volume systems are balanced and that the components provide the desired control in response to changes in the system demand. The following sections of this document provide guidance on commissioning procedures for variable flow hydronic systems and their components. VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS 57
12 C1 INTRODUCTION Section 2 briefly describes the basic principles of conventional commissioning procedures for constant volume systems. These have been fully described in other publications to which the reader is referred and only the main points are summarised here. These include: basics of proportional balancing, procedures for identifying the least favoured and most favoured circuits and balancing of branches and risers. Section 3 gives guidance on commissioning of individual system components such as pumps, differential pressure controllers in subcircuits controlling single and multiple loads, combination valves, twoport valves, thermostatic radiator valves and variable speed drives. For the purpose of describing the commissioning procedure for variable flow hydronic systems, a case study is given in section 4 which describes the commissioning process on an actual project. A diagram is included to detail briefly the system layout and a brief description of controls operation is also included prior to a detailed step by step commissioning procedure. The commissioning procedure employed is then translated into a generic commissioning flowchart for variable flow hydronic systems. Section 5 of the document begins by highlighting typical commissioning problems associated with variable-speed pumping systems and the corrective measures that can be taken. 58 VARIABLE-FLOW WATER SYSTEMS
Design Consultant (Electrical Services) Design Deliverables and Responsibilities Allocation (Stage E+)
Design Consultant (Electrical Services) Design Deliverables and Responsibilities Allocation (Stage E+) 1. In addition to the information scheduled below, the pre-tender designer is responsible for: (i)
More informationVARIABLE VOLUME / VARIABLE SPEED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
Bulletin D-120B Pages D120-115 to D120-118 VARIABLE SPEED PRIMARY CHILLED WATER PUMP CONTROL WITH TWO WAY VALVE DIRECT RETURN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION: The volume of water supplied to the system is varied in
More informationConversion From Constant Flow System To Variable Flow
White Paper Conversion From Constant Flow System To Variable Flow By: Tony Egan 94.21-4/29/2010 www.armstrongintegrated.com S.A. Armstrong Limited 2010 S.A. Armstrong Limited 23 Bertrand Avenue Toronto,
More informationNEBB STANDARDS SECTION-8 AIR SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES
NEBB STANDARDS SECTION-8 AIR SYSTEM TAB PROCEDURES 8.1 INTRODUCTION Testing, adjusting, and balancing of HVAC systems can best be accomplished by following a series of systematic procedures. The NEBB TAB
More informationFrequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions System and Valve Basics: 1. Q: What is good cooling coil performance? A: The temperature range is controlled within +/- 0.5 F (0.28 C) off the cooling coil at set point or below.
More informationSECTION 23 05 93 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
SECTION 23 05 93 TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING FOR HVAC INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION The purpose of this guide specification is to assist the specifier in correctly specifying Mechanical System Testing
More informationHeating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR)
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR) I. Demonstrate safety skills in typical HVACR work situations to NATE Core Installer Knowledge Areas for Technician Excellence for Safety
More informationbuilding engineering services association specification for: Domestic Heating www.thebesa.com
building engineering services association specification for: Domestic central Heating installation www.thebesa.com building engineering services association acknowledgments Guide to good practice: Domestic
More informationIndustrial Steam System Process Control Schemes
Industrial Steam System Process Control Schemes This paper was developed to provide a basic understanding of the different process control schemes used in a typical steam system. This is however a fundamental
More informationBuilding Commissioning 17900-1
SECTION 17900 BUILDING COMMISSIONING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 WORK DESCRIPTION: A. General: 1. The Commissioning process is a joint team effort to ensure that all mechanical equipment, controls, and systems
More informationSECTION 15950 - TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING
SECTION 15950 - TESTING, ADJUSTING, AND BALANCING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification
More informationWater Volume Calculation in Hydronic Heating & Cooling Systems
Water Volume Calculation in Hydronic Heating & Cooling Systems Preface There are several methods which can be used to calculate the volume of water in a hydronic heating or cooling systems. However, these
More informationTips to Reduce Chilled Water Plant Costs
This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, October 2013. Copyright 2013 ASHRAE. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may not be copied and/or distributed electronically or in paper form without permission
More informationCommissioning - Construction Documents (Page 1 of 6)
Commissioning - Construction Documents (Page 1 of 6) A. General Information Climate Zone: Building Type: Conditioned Area (sf): Reviewer's Name: Reviewer's Agency: Note: Design Review for each system/subsystem
More informationASTACEA4 Inspect complex/central air conditioning systems
Overview This Unit covers the competences required to inspect complex/central air conditioning systems as defined by the CIBSE TM 44 Figure 1.1: Summary of system types and their component parts. The air
More informationUNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC / NASA UFGS-23 09 93 (November 2015) ----------------------------- Preparing Activity: USACE Superseding UFGS-23 09 23 (May 2011) UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS References
More informationLaddomat 21-60 Charging unit
Laddomat 21-60 Charging unit User and installation instructions NOTE! Diagrams in this brochure only describe connection principles. Each installation must be measured and carried out according to the
More informationThe Business Case Annual fuel cost savings of 26% worth more than 28,000 Annual fuel savings of 1.3million kwh Annual CO2 savings of over 245 tonnes
North Lanarkshire Council The Business Case Annual fuel cost savings of 26% worth more than 28,000 The Sir Matt Busby Sports Complex is an important local facility for the people of Bellshill, North Lanarkshire.
More informationFully Pumped Systems
Fully Pumped Systems (also see the picture gallery and System Basics) The term for any boiler that uses a pump to move all the heat from the boiler to every part of the system is fully pumped. As a rule
More informationState of the Art Energy Efficient Data Centre Air Conditioning
- White Paper - State of the Art Energy Efficient Data Centre Air Conditioning - Dynamic Free Cooling - Release 2, April 2008 Contents ABSTRACT... 3 1. WHY DO I NEED AN ENERGY EFFICIENT COOLING SYSTEM...
More informationBy Steven C. Severini, P.E., Member ASHRAE
The following article was published in ASHRAE Journal, July 2004. Copyright 2004 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers, Inc. It is presented for educational purposes
More informationDescription of functions
Description of functions Laddomat 21 is designed to......allow the boiler to reach a high working temperature soon after firing....to preheat the cold tank water in the bottom of the boiler so that the
More informationecomax Instructions for use Wall hung room sealed fan assisted condensing boilers For the user
For the user Instructions for use ecomax Wall hung room sealed fan assisted condensing boilers ecomax 63/ E ecomax 68/ E ecomax 6/ E ecomax 635 E ecomax 84/ E ecomax 88/ E ecomax 835 E GB Table of contents
More informationHeating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment. A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances 2 Contents Boost Introduction your cash flow 03 1. Background Check it s on the
More informationSPECIAL ISSUE: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WORKSHOP
research journal 2013 / VOL 05.01 www.perkinswill.com SPECIAL ISSUE: NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION WORKSHOP ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS Current Trends in Low-Energy HVAC Design
More informationWhy and How we Use Capacity Control
Why and How we Use Capacity Control On refrigeration and air conditioning applications where the load may vary over a wide range, due to lighting, occupancy, product loading, ambient weather variations,
More informationEnergy Efficiency E-modules - Guidance. Efficient Operation of HVAC Controls in the Public Sector
Energy Efficiency E-modules - Guidance Efficient Operation of HVAC Controls in the Public Sector Efficient Operation of HVAC Controls in the Public Sector 2 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Learning Objectives
More informationThe Piping System Model a New Life Cycle Document. Elements of the Piping System Model
Piping System Model as a Life Cycle Document White Paper Introduction When designing piping systems, a variety of documents are created providing the details necessary to design, purchase, build, and test
More informationSafe management of industrial steam and hot water boilers A guide for owners, managers and supervisors of boilers, boiler houses and boiler plant
Safe management of industrial steam and hot water boilers A guide for owners, managers and supervisors of boilers, boiler houses and boiler plant Health and Safety Safe management of industrial steam and
More informationMixing Valves. ARGUS Application Note: Mixing Valves
Mixing Valves Most radiant hot water heating systems in greenhouses use mixing valves to control the temperature of heating pipes. Both 3-way and 4- way valves are commonly used. Mixing valves provide
More informationVE 6.4.0.5: Thermal / Systems Pack. 1. Tabular Room Data editing for thermal properties
VE 6.4.0.5: Thermal / Systems Pack 1. Tabular Room Data editing for thermal properties There is a new button in Apache, UK Part L2, and PRM Tabular Room Data. This tool represents a real productivity enhancement
More informationData Centre Testing and Commissioning
Data Centre Testing and Commissioning What is Testing and Commissioning? Commissioning provides a systematic and rigorous set of tests tailored to suit the specific design. It is a process designed to
More informationBuilding Services Engineering Technician
Building Services Engineering Technician A competent Building Services Engineering Technician is expected to be able to demonstrate the following skills and competences: Systems design in the building
More informationHeating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment. A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment A guide to equipment eligible for Enhanced Capital Allowances 2 Contents Introduction 03 Background 03 Setting the scene 03 Benefits of purchasing ETL
More information- White Paper - Data Centre Cooling. Best Practice
- White Paper - Data Centre Cooling Best Practice Release 2, April 2008 Contents INTRODUCTION... 3 1. AIR FLOW LEAKAGE... 3 2. PERFORATED TILES: NUMBER AND OPENING FACTOR... 4 3. PERFORATED TILES: WITH
More informationISO 9001: 2008 Boosting quality to differentiate yourself from the competition. xxxx November 2008
ISO 9001: 2008 Boosting quality to differentiate yourself from the competition xxxx November 2008 ISO 9001 - Periodic Review ISO 9001:2008 Periodic Review ISO 9001, like all standards is subject to periodic
More information8 716 473 216-00.3O. Gas boiler. Gaz 6000 W WBN 6000-30-H-E-N/L-S2400. Operating instructions for the end customer. 8 716 473 217 (2014/07) en
8 716 473 216-00.3O Gas boiler WBN 6000-30-H-E-N/L-S2400 Operating instructions for the end customer en 2 Contents Contents 1 Key to symbols and safety instructions................... 2 1.1 Key to symbols..................................
More informationIntegration of Hydronic Thermal Transport Systems with Fire Suppression Systems
AT-01-7-4 Integration of Hydronic Thermal Transport Systems with Fire Suppression Systems Walter M. Janus, P.E. Member ASHRAE ABSTRACT The challenge of conforming to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1999 in an
More informationFIELD TESTS OF FUEL EFFICIENCY MAGNETS J A CRABB JULY 1997 SWEEG REPORT 80
FIELD TESTS OF FUEL EFFICIENCY MAGNETS J A CRABB JULY 1997 SWEEG REPORT 80 List of symbols T f average temperature at the flow header, C T r average temperature at the return header, C f average water
More informationBETTER BY 3D DESIGN AND COORDINATION IN BUILDING SERVICES INDUSTRY
BETTER BY 3D DESIGN AND COORDINATION IN BUILDING SERVICES INDUSTRY MR. ALVIN WONG-KAM MAN Building Services Engineering Graduate Gammon Skanska Limited E-mail: alvin.wong@gammonskanska.com Do a 2-Dimensional
More informationHEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING
HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING as part of the Energy Efficiency Information Grants Program Heating and cooling can account for approximately 23 % of energy use in pubs and hotels 1. Reducing heating
More informationPrinting and Publishing Energy Savings Guide
Printing and Publishing Energy Savings Guide Oregon printing and publishing plants face challenges of rising operating costs, environmental and other regulations, outdated equipment and customer demand
More informationIntroduction. Motor Types
QwikSEER+ Theory of Operation and Retrofit Potential Mainstream Engineering Corporation Rockledge, FL 32955 http://www.qwik.com/products/qwikseer/index.jsp Prepared by Robert P. Scaringe and R. Paul Roth
More informationRULES FOR THE SETTING UP OF SUSTAINABLE BRANCHES Summary
RULES FOR THE SETTING UP OF SUSTAINABLE BRANCHES Summary January 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS... 3 Communication with customers in the field of environmental sustainability...
More informationInstallation and Service Instructions for use by heating contractor SM1 SOLAR CONTROL MODULE IMPORTANT
Installation and Service Instructions for use by heating contractor Solar Control Module for solar connections to the Vitotronic control SM1 SOLAR CONTROL MODULE Product may not be exactly as shown IMPORTANT
More informationApplying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems. A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009
Applying Pressure Independent Control Valves in H.V.A.C. Systems A Presentation to: Orange Empire ASHRAE Santa Ana Nov. 17, 2009 1 Introduction I know, as building design consultants, so much of your effort
More informationTaco Hydronic System Solutions Quick Start Guide
QUICK START GUIDE Taco Hydronic System Solutions Quick Start Guide Contents Help Resources...3 Introduction...4 Taco Hydronic System Solutions Work Screen Introduction...5 The basics...6 Getting Started
More informationCOMMISSIONING OF HVAC SYSTEMS
FORM CL-01 SYSTEMS / EQUIPMENT INCLUDED : SYSTEM STARTUP CHECKLIST I - PRE - STARTUP INSPECTION EQUIPMENT MOUNTING & SETTING CONTROL, INTERLOCK & POWER WIRING ALIGNMENT OF MOTORS & DRIVES PIPING, CONNECTIONS
More informationFundamentals of HVAC Control Systems
ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Technical Workshop Fundamentals of HVAC Control Systems 18, 19, 25, 26 April 2007 2007 ASHRAE Hong Kong Chapter Slide 1 Chapter 5 Control Diagrams and Sequences 2007 ASHRAE Hong
More informationPIPES AND TUBES FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT
PIPES AND TUBES FOR HVAC PIPING AND EQUIPMENT GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 This section applies to piping systems for chilled water, hot water, condenser water, steam, condensate return, fuel oil, refrigerant
More informationGUIDE TO LCA STANDARDS FOR SERVICE DELIVERY
GUIDE TO PURPOSE OF THE STANDARDS The standards set out the minimum requirements for the delivery of the services listed below related to the control of legionella bacteria in water systems. The standards
More informationData Center Commissioning: What you need to know
Data Center Commissioning: What you need to know Course # CXENERGY1511 AIA Provider # 50111116 AABC Commissioning Group CxEnergy Conference Henderson, NV April 30, 2015 Presented by: Judson H. Adams, P.E.,
More informationHEAVY DUTY STORAGE GAS
Multi-Fin flue technology Flue damper saves energy Electronic controls HEAVY DUTY STORAGE GAS Dependability The Rheem heavy duty gas range is the work horse of the industry having proved itself over many
More informationIDEA Presentation SMALL CAMPUS CHILLED WATER PLANT OPTIMIZATION.
IDEA Presentation SMALL CAMPUS CHILLED WATER PLANT OPTIMIZATION. Pre-Project Details Hawaiian Community College Campus consisting of 16 individual buildings totaling 308,000 sq.ft of conditioned space.
More informationHeating and Hot Water Services Controls General Technical Specification
Construction Services Heating and Hot Water Services Controls General Technical Specification Version 1.0 Environment Heating and Hot Water Services Controls General Technical Specification Contents 1.
More informationGood Manufacturing Practices for the Production of Packaging Inks formulated for use on the non food contact surfaces of food packaging and articles
Good Manufacturing Practices for the Production of Packaging Inks formulated for use on the non food contact surfaces of food packaging and articles intended to come into contact with food October 2005
More informationCHILLER PLANT CONTROL MULTIPLE CHILLER CONTROLS
CHILLER PLANT CONTROL MULTIPLE CHILLER CONTROLS By: Michael J. Bitondo, Mark J. Tozzi Carrier Corporation Syracuse, New York August 1999 INTRODUCTION In December of 1998, the American Refrigeration Institute
More informationCONCEPTUALIZATION OF UTILIZING WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMPS WITH COOL STORAGE ROOFS
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF UTILIZING WATER SOURCE HEAT PUMPS WITH COOL STORAGE ROOFS by Dr. Bing Chen and Prof. John Bonsell Passive Solar Research Group University of Nebraska-Lincoln Omaha campus and Richard
More informationHVAC Processes. Lecture 7
HVAC Processes Lecture 7 Targets of Lecture General understanding about HVAC systems: Typical HVAC processes Air handling units, fan coil units, exhaust fans Typical plumbing systems Transfer pumps, sump
More information7 Best Practices for Increasing Efficiency, Availability and Capacity. XXXX XXXXXXXX Liebert North America
7 Best Practices for Increasing Efficiency, Availability and Capacity XXXX XXXXXXXX Liebert North America Emerson Network Power: The global leader in enabling Business-Critical Continuity Automatic Transfer
More informationExample Retrocommissioning Measure: Opening Throttled Discharge Valves
Opening Throttled Discharge Valves This 21-story building, constructed in 1997, is located in Oregon and contains 589,000 gross square feet of mostly office occupancy. The HVAC system includes six large
More informationBALANCING OF CONTROL LOOPS
1 BALANING OF ONTROL LOOPS A manual for getting the correct function of 23 conol loops used in hydronic heating and cooling systems. Here we must have a new picture. asselden Place, Melbourne, Ausalia
More informationTIG INVERTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL
TIG INVERTER INSTRUCTION MANUAL Contents Warning General Description Block Diagram Main Parameters Circuit Diagram Installation and Operation Caution Maintenance Spare Parts List Troubleshooting 3 4 4
More informationHEAT RECOVERY FROM CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS. Applications for Heat Reclaim Chillers
HEAT RECOVERY FROM CHILLED WATER SYSTEMS Applications for Heat Reclaim Chillers April 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 3 WASTE HEAT SOURCES... 3,4 Capturing Sufficient Heat for Useful Purposes...
More informationSample Company SECTION 019113 GENERAL COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY AND CONTRACT RESPONSIBILITIES
SECTION 019113 GENERAL COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY AND CONTRACT RESPONSIBILITIES A. The Owner will contract separately and directly for the majority of the commissioning work
More informationCOUNTERBALANCE VALVES
COUNTERBALANCE VALVES Introduction They are modulating valves which allow free flow into the actuator and then block the reverse flow until they feel a pilot pressure inversely proportional to the load
More informationGas Custody Transfer Calibration
Gas Custody Transfer Calibration Using multi variable temperature / pressure calibrators for flowmeter calibration 2013 Introduction Gas custody transfer flow computers require special calibration to perform
More informationUNDERSTANDING HOT WATER SYSTEMS IN THE HOME
UNDERSTANDING HOT WATER SYSTEMS IN THE HOME This advice guide is part of a series of free guides produced by the Association of Plumbing & Heating Contractors Ltd. which provide consumers with essential
More informationFirst Fix Leak Repair Scheme
Irish Water First Fix Leak Repair Scheme For Domestic Water Customers CER Consultation Public Submissions: Irish Water Response Submission to the CER Reg_PP_IW_FFLRS_003 31/07/15 1 Introduction This document
More informationSECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS
SECTION 4 ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT 17: TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS UNIT OBJECTIVES After studying this unit, the reader should be able to Describe the different types of open single-phase motors used to drive
More informationOutsourcing. Definitions. Outsourcing Strategy. Potential Advantages of an Outsourced Service. Procurement Process
CIPS takes the view that the outsourcing of services to specialist providers can often lead to better quality of services and increased value for money. Purchasing and supply management professionals should
More informationNFPA 20 Update 2013 Edition. Revision Cycle. NFPA 20 Update 2013 5/1/2013. Goals and Objectives
NFPA 20 Update 2013 Edition Kenneth E. Isman, PE P.E. FSFPE F.S.F.P.E. Vice President of Engineering NFPA 20 Update 2013 Edition Goals and Objectives By the end of this presentation, the participant will
More informationLesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems
Lesson 36 Selection Of Air Conditioning Systems Version 1 ME, IIT Kharagpur 1 The specific objectives of this chapter are to: 1. Introduction to thermal distribution systems and their functions (Section
More informationwww.klmtechgroup.com TABLE OF CONTENT
Page : 1 of 24 Project Engineering Standard www.klmtechgroup.com KLM Technology #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Taman Tampoi Utama 81200 Johor Bahru Malaysia S TABLE OF CONTENT SCOPE 2 DEFINITIONS
More informationSensi TM. Wi-Fi Programmable Thermostat MANUAL OPERATION. Version: March 2016 2016 Emerson Electric Co. All rights reserved.
Sensi TM Wi-Fi Programmable Thermostat MANUAL OPERATION Version: March 2016 2016 Emerson Electric Co. All rights reserved. Contents MANUAL OPERATION GUIDE Buttons and Icons 3 Basic Functionality 4 Manual
More informationFederal Wage System Job Grading Standards for Air Conditioning Equipment Operating, 5415. Table of Contents
Federal Wage System Job Grading Standards for Air Conditioning Equipment Operating, 5415 Table of Contents WORK COVERED... 2 WORK NOT COVERED...2 TITLES... 2 GRADE LEVELS... 2 HELPER AND INTERMEDIATE JOBS...
More informationChapter 5. Components, Symbols, and Circuitry of Air-Conditioning Wiring Diagrams
Chapter 5 Components, Symbols, and Circuitry of Air-Conditioning Wiring Diagrams Objectives Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Explain what electrical loads are and their general purpose
More informationSAM HOUSTON STATE UNIVERSITY
PART 1: GENERAL 1.01 General Requirements A. This standard is intended to provide useful information to the Professional Service Provider (PSP) to establish a basis of design. The responsibility of the
More informationCGC s Hybrid System Loop Control
verview The CGC Group Hybrid Heat Pump System does NT operate with the same fluid loop temperatures as a conventional reversing Water Source Heat Pump system. The CGC system differs from a WSHP system
More informationSample - Existing Building Commissioning Plan
Sample - Existing Building Commissioning Plan Version: Draft for Review Final Approved: Owner Site Address: Primary Site Contact Name and Telephone Number: Date Building Description The site consists of
More informationCondensing Boiler Efficiency
Condensing Boiler Efficiency Date: July 17, 2012 PRES E NT ED BY DO N L E O NA RDI LE O N A RD I I NC. HV AC T RAI N I N G & C ON SU LT IN G Concepts 1 The current state of evolution in boiler design 2
More informationOwner s Guide Guide du propriétaire Guía para el usuario TH115-AF-GB-10. Programmable thermostat Thermostat programmable Termostato programable
Owner s Guide Guide du propriétaire Guía para el usuario TH115-AF-GB-10 Programmable thermostat Thermostat programmable Termostato programable Read and save these instructions. Veuillez lire le mode d
More informationA Guide to Small Works. A brief explanation
A Guide to Small Works A brief explanation A Guide to House Extensions/Small Works - a brief explanation Small works are an ongoing, cherished part of DDC's activity and restricted only by distance. Here
More informationUNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI 23 0000 - Heating Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) March 2015.01
GENERAL: This section provides general standards for overall sizing and design of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. Other sections contain specific standards for each system per
More informationGuidance on how to comply with the 2010 Building Regulations Part L
Guidance on how to comply with the 2010 Building Regulations Part L Version 2.0 10 December 2010 This guide supports the official guidance covering the use of controls in boiler based, gas and oil fired
More informationOn/off room thermostats range. On/off V30 range. Master/slave PI V200 range. V3000 KNX networked PID range
Electromechanical controls Air control Water control On/off room thermostats range On/off room thermostats range Electronic controls Air control On/off V30 range On/off V30 range Water control Master/slave
More informationXE70 SERIES VC SERIES BALANCED HYDRONIC VALVES 2-WAY AND 3-WAY
XE70 SERIES VC SERIES BALANCED HYDRONIC VALVES 2-WAY AND 3-WAY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION SHEET switched off. This results in energy savings during mild weather. Normal control will resume when T3 fails to
More informationCHILLED WATER PLANT PUMPING SCHEMES. James J. Nonnenmann, PE Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa
CHILLED WATER PLANT PUMPING SCHEMES James J. Nonnenmann, PE Stanley Consultants, Inc. Muscatine, Iowa ABSTRACT From the advent of central chilled water plants, the system for delivering chilled water to
More information2301.1 Scope: Communications and Electronic Systems addressed in this section include:
Chapter 23 COMMUNICATIONS / ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS SECTION 2301 - GENERAL 2301.1 Scope: Communications and Electronic Systems addressed in this section include: 1. Fire Alarm System 2. Telecommunication and
More informationThermal Mass Availability for Cooling Data Centers during Power Shutdown
2010 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). Published in ASHRAE Transactions (2010, vol 116, part 2). For personal use only. Additional reproduction,
More informationDesign Guide. Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues
Design Guide Retrofitting Options For HVAC Systems In Live Performance Venues Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are major energy consumers in live performance venues. For this reason,
More informationThe main steam enters the building in the basement mechanical room; this is where the condensate line also leaves the building.
MSV: Square Footage: 24,844 No. of Floors: 1 Year Built: 1963 Type of Use: Lounge and dining area open all night for snacks Steam Water-cooled condenser, 50-Ton York unit with a 6 cylinder-reciprocating
More informationFlorida Power & Light Company. Business Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning ( HVAC ) Program Standards. Effective: November 9, 2015
Florida Power & Light Company Business Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning ( HVAC ) Program Standards Effective: November 9, 2015 Table of Contents Eligibility Requirements - Chiller... 2 Rebate Amount
More informationCOMPUTHERM Q7 Programmable, digital room thermostat. Operating Instructions
COMPUTHERM Q7 Programmable, digital room thermostat Operating Instructions GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE THERMOSTAT The COMPUTHERM Q7 type switched-mode room thermostat is suitable to regulate the overwhelming
More informationCertified HVAC - Refrigeration Training Program
FINAL CERTIFICATION AWARDED BY IMRTC - USA Certified HVAC - Refrigeration Training Program This highly specialized and concentrated Program is ideally suited to following individuals who: A people who
More informationpresents Hydraulic Separation Beyond Primary / Secondary Piping
presents Hydraulic Separation Beyond Primary / Secondary Piping This Webinar is exclusively sponsored and the property of Caleffi Hydronic Solutions. All rights reserved. October 2007 Modern compact boilers
More informationHVAC Systems: Overview
HVAC Systems: Overview Michael J. Brandemuehl, Ph.D, P.E. University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA Overview System Description Secondary HVAC Systems Air distribution Room diffusers and air terminals Duct
More informationDOCUMENT CS/1: SCHEME DESCRIPTION AND BENEFITS
WELDING FABRICATOR CERTIFICATION SCHEME DOCUMENT CS/1: SCHEME DESCRIPTION AND BENEFITS 6 th Edition July 2012 Issued under the authority of the Governing Board for Certification All correspondence should
More informationH.V.A.C. Design Plumbing Design
H.V.A.C. Design H.V.A.C. Design Mira Costa College Arts Complex CP Upgrade 1. PART 1 GENERAL 1.1. DESCRIPTION SECTION 23 09 00 HVAC INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL 2. PART 2 - PRODUCTS 2.1. Materials
More informationDESIGN IS GOOD BUSINESS
COMPENSATING YOUR ARCHITECT The creature comforts are one thing, but for a house to become a home it s got to be elevated to the point that it s about raising one s spirits as well. SAMUEL MOCKBEE Building
More information