Parasites of The GIT
|
|
- Posy Jackson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 - No need to refer to the handout while studying this sheet. Nematodes continuation.. 1- HOOKWORMS : - They are nematodes. - They measure 1 cm in length. - They are called hookworms because of their hooked anterior end. Two main species pathogenic to Humans are : 1. Ankylostomaduodenale. 2. Necatoramericanus. We can differentiate between them by 3 points : 1. Ankylostoma is present in the old world Asia, Europe, Africa. While Necator is present in the new world as its name implies. 2. Morphologically :Necator has a pair of semilunar cutting plates dorsally in the mouth with a concave dorsal median tooth. it has cutting edges or discs just like teeth. While duodenale has hooks two ventral pair of teeth. 3. Duodenale s life span is longer ( 5-6 years ), while Necator disappears in within 2 years. Hookworms live in the GIT, in the small intestines. 1
2 The worm holds villus with its teeth and mouth, stays attached there. It feeds on blood and some of the fluids of tissues that are there.but mainly it feeds on blood. They can also move from one villus to another and by Eggs : doing this, they leave a raw area which leads to bleeding. So that, the main pathology that maybe produced by hookworms is the LOSS OF BLOOD ( either by feeding of worms on blood OR leaving a raw area ). Note : Its believed that maybe around 1 million liters of blood are lost everyday in the world because of these kinds of worms. - Have a thin transparent shell. - Its already embryonated when passed in the feces.( 2-8 cell stage ). Characteristic Life Cycle : - Female and male copulate and produce eggs. - Eggs reach the soil, giving rise there to larvae which are usually thick and are known as Rhabditiform larvae.these larvae feed on bacteria and debris in the soil and mature to the next stage which is Filariform Non feeding infective larvae that penetrates skin mainly the dorsum of feet or between the toes otherwise they die. - Note :Thigmotaxis is the attraction to skin. 2
3 - Once they go in, they gain access to blood or lymphatics to lungs where they ll stick and have other maturation, then to trachea swallowed to settle in duodenum continuing the cycle. Diagnosis : Eggs in fresh feces ( embryonated ). Symptoms : - Itching - Pneumonitis if there s a lot of larvae - Malaise - Eosinophilia - Occult bleeding * Main symptom is IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA * Cutaneous Larvae Migrans : - Hookworms belong to animals just like visceral larvae migrans. - Birds and animals affected by hookworms, if you get them into your skin, they ll give rise to : 1. Itching. 2. Rash. - They cant mature any further in your body and will die eventually. 3
4 3.StrongyloidesStercoralis : The smallest nematodes. ( 2-3 mm long ) Present in small intestines. Humans are the principal host. In the parasitic stage there s no male. ( Parthenogenesis: is that this kind of worms has no male, just an adult female that gives rise to eggs ) Produce eggs that very quickly start hatching to larvae that breakout through the wall into the lumen. Most UNLIKELY to see eggs in feces because they are released and very quickly hatched to larvae. Note : feces examination will show us larvae not eggs which is a good distinguishing feature of this worm. Life Cycle : The adult female worm is a filariform nematode lays eggs. The deposited egg hatch into Rhabditiform larvae( rod shaped ) that get out in the feces. It has three types of cycles : 1. Direct cycle : ( like hookworms ) Rhabditiform hatch in the soil into infective filariform larvae that penetrate the skin to blood and lungs then get swallowed to GIT becoming adults. 2. Indirect cycle : Rhabditiform larvae develops into free living male and female larvae that will copulate and produce eggs that will hatch to rhabditiform larvae then filariform or repeat the free living cycle. 4
5 3. Autoinfection : the infective filariform in the intestine and reinfect the host by penetrating the mucosa or the perianal skin Without going out to soil. A rare example :helminth multiplying within the host, what explains the persistence of the infection in people for 40 years! Diagnosis: - We look for the larvae in feces. Symptoms : - Itching - Abdominal pain - Skin rash As a result of autoinfection the larvae may become disseminated all over the body leading to what is known by :Hyperinfection Syndrome which may be fatal and associated with steroid use. Now that we finished up Nematodes, we ll start talking about Tapeworms ( cestodes ) - A very quick revision of the structure of tapeworms : They are made of units called proglottids. Most anteriorly they have scolex that havesuckers or hooks. Distally, the neck region. - The genus name is Taenia ( not the fungal ones ) 1. Taeniasaginatum : beef (cow) tapeworm 2. Taeniasolim : pork tapeworm 5
6 1. TaeniaSaginatum : Life cycle :( for both ) - Worm is present in the small intestine, it releases gravid proglottids that get out with the feces, disintegrate releasing the eggs which will be eaten in the grass by the intermediate host. Those eggs will release the oncosphere( hexacanth ) which penetrates the wall into blood and lymphatics distributed all over the body. Wherever it settles, it produces a cysticercus ( distended balloon filled with fluid yellow in color, inside it there is an invaginatedrudimentaryscolex.) - So when someone eats a live cysticercus, the scolexevaginates and attaches to the wall of GIT and develops into an adult worm. To differentiate between both : Saginatum is longer ( 4-6 meters ), Solium is almost ( 2-4 meters ). Number of proglottids in Solium is less due to its length.( 1000proglottids while saginatum reaches 3000 ). Scolex :Saginatum has 4 suckers but no hooks ( rostellum ), while Solium has 4 suckers with hooks. Cysticercus and eggs are the same for both. 6
7 Radially striated embryophore surrounds a hexacanth embryo. Mature proglottids are rectangular for solium but more square for saginatum. Two ovaries for saginatum and three for solium( trilobed ). Gravidproglottid is distinguished by lateral branches of the uterus.saginatum has more branches (15-30). Note: 1- Usually we find one worm in the small intestine. 2- You may require it for a long time up to 20 years without developing any disease. 3- No significant symptoms.sometimes its alarming when the motile proglottids pass through the anal canal involuntarily. 4- Rarely intestinal obstruction and perforation. 5- The proglottids in the worm are called strobila. Diagnosis: Look for proglottids in feces. 2.TaeniaSolium : Symptoms : - Slight intestinal irritation. - Rarely perforation. 7
8 - Humans can be the intermediatehost by eating the eggs, the cysticerci settle in muscles and brain, they can reach eyes, heart and lungs. - Serous damage can result in eye and brainconvulsions. - Epilepsy - Cyticercosis 3.DiphyllobothriumLatum : 8 The largest human tapeworm, reaches 10 meters. Fish tapeworm 3000 or more proglottids Has two longitudinal suckers No hooks and no rostellum Eggs : -They are operculated on one end, with a thickening on the opposite end. Life cycle : -There are two intermediate hosts. Eggs pass into water through defecation. They hatch a ciliated embyrophore that is ingested by Cyclops inside which it develops into larvae. - Cyclops are eaten by fresh water fishand the larvae will go to the organs developing into an adult worm in the intestines of the host.
9 Symptoms: - Very minor because it s one worm - Vague abdominal - Megaloblasticanemia. ( B12 deficiency ) - Intestinal obstruction with several worms. Freezing the worm for few day will be enough to kill it. Your colleague, Lina Baker. 9
The Helminths. A. Introduction. 1. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) - includes the tapeworms & flukes. a. General Characteristics
The Helminths A. Introduction 1. Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) - includes the tapeworms & flukes a. General Characteristics (1) Multicellular animals characterized by a flat, bilaterally symmetric
More informationCestodes. Tapeworms Complex Life Cycles Definitive host. 1 or 2 Intermediate Hosts. Adult worms Sexual reproduction
Cestodes Tapeworms Complex Life Cycles Definitive host Adult worms Sexual reproduction 1 or 2 Intermediate Hosts Larval Tapeworms (Metacestodes) Some show Asexual reproduction Morphologic Characteristics
More informationTaenia solium and Taenia saginata
Taenia solium and Taenia saginata Taenia solium The common name for Taenia solium is pork tapeworm i.e the armed tapeworm of man. The restellum resembles the conventional figures of the sun, hence the
More informationChapter 21 - Tapeworms: Pseudophyllideans and Cyclophyllideans
1 Chapter 21 - Tapeworms: Pseudophyllideans and Cyclophyllideans O. Pseudophyllidea Typically have a scolex with 2 longitiudinal bothria Bothria may be equipped with hooks Genital pores may be lateral
More informationOrganisms of Concern. Roundworms (nematodes) Anisakis spp., Pseudoterranova spp., Eustrongylides spp. and Gnathostoma spp.
Parasites in Fish Parasites are a natural occurrence The parasites do not make the fish sick Thorough cooking of fish will make parasites harmless to humans Organisms of Concern Roundworms (nematodes)
More informationParasitic Diseases. There are three main classes of parasites that cause disease in humans: Protozoa. Helminths. Ectoparasites.
Parasitic Diseases Introduction Parasites are living things that use other living things, like your body, for food and a place to live. You can get them from contaminated food or water, a bug bite or sexual
More informationLaboratory No. 3 General Stool Examination (GSE) Collection of samples
Laboratory No. 3 General Stool Examination (GSE) Collection of samples If a faecal sample is not properly collected and taken care of before examination, they will be of little or no value for accurate
More informationwww.irishseedsavers.ie Natural surface water on earth includes lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, estuaries, seas and oceans.
www.irishseedsavers.ie POND LIFE FACT SHEET Natural surface water on earth includes lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, estuaries, seas and oceans. A pond is a small body of fresh water shallow enough for sunlight
More informationColic is one of the most dreaded conditions horse owners and trainers encounter with
Impaction Colic and Hydration Michele Frazer, DVM, DACVIM, DACVECC Impaction Colic Colic is one of the most dreaded conditions horse owners and trainers encounter with their horses. The term colic, however,
More informationSKIN CONDITIONS IN PIGS
DEPARTMENT: AGRICULTURE SKIN CONDITIONS IN PIGS Jenny Turton 2001 Compiled by Directorate Communication, Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Printed
More informationAn Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Objectives Define anatomy and physiology Identify the levels of organization in organisms from simplest to most complex Identify the organ systems of the human
More informationTHE GI TRACT IS A CONTINUOUS MULTILAYERED TUBE EXTENDING FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS THAT IS SUPPORTED AND PARTIALLY COVERED BY THE PERITONEUM.
THE GI TRACT IS A CONTINUOUS MULTILAYERED TUBE EXTENDING FROM THE MOUTH TO THE ANUS THAT IS SUPPORTED AND PARTIALLY COVERED BY THE PERITONEUM. OVERVIEW OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Two groups of organs compose
More informationHEALTH EFFECTS. Inhalation
Health Effects HEALTH EFFECTS Asbestos can kill you. You must take extra precautions when you work with asbestos. Just because you do not notice any problems while you are working with asbestos, it still
More informationFaculty Travel Presentation. Mount Kilamanjaro
Faculty Travel Presentation Mount Kilamanjaro With Reason One Can Travel The World Over; Without It, It Is Hard to Move an Inch Chinese Proverb Student Health Travel Services Vaccines, Prescriptions, &
More informationHuman Body Scavenger Hunt Activity
Name: Activity Materials: Question worksheet (pages 2-3) 16 Fact Cards (pages 4-8) Tape, Scissors, Classroom Preparation: Print the fact cards on card stock or brightly-colored paper and cut them out.
More informationThe Gastrointestinal System It consists of: The digestive tract Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
The Gastrointestinal System It consists of: The digestive tract Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine The digestive organs Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Liver Gall bladder Pancreas
More informationFemale Reproductive System. Unit 8 Lesson 2 Continued
Female Reproductive System Unit 8 Lesson 2 Continued Female Reproductive System Female Reproductive System Female produce ovum or egg cells. The egg (ovum) cell is the female sex cell. Female Reproductive
More informationChapter 16: Circulation
Section 1 (The Body s Transport System) Chapter 16: Circulation 7 th Grade Cardiovascular system (the circulatory system) includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood carries needed substances to the cells
More informationX-Plain Sinus Surgery Reference Summary
X-Plain Sinus Surgery Reference Summary Introduction Sinus surgery is a very common and safe operation. Your doctor may recommend that you have sinus surgery. The decision whether or not to have sinus
More informationLife Cycle of a Butterfly
Name: Date: Life Cycle of a Butterfly Life cycle refers to the stages of development, growth and reproduction that a living thing goes through. The butterfly's life cycle is made up of four stages: egg,
More informationHuman Growth and Reproduction
Human Growth and Reproduction Sperm reach ovum and cluster around it Only one sperm is allowed to penetrate egg When the sperm penetrates the egg, the egg immediately releases a chemical creating a hard
More informationInternal Parasites Donna K. Carver, DVM, PhD, ACPV
Internal Parasites Donna K. Carver, DVM, PhD, ACPV Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and gain an advantage at the expense of the host. Internal parasites live inside their
More informationAncylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephala Hookworms
1020 Green Acres Rd #5 - Eugene, OR 97408 * Phone: (541) 345-7970 * www.deltaoaksvet.com Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma braziliense, Uncinaria stenocephala Hookworms Affected
More informationFish: One-of-a-kind Animals (30 minute activity)
FISH HEALTH/Activity Fish: One-of-a-kind Animals (30 minute activity) Objectives Materials Background I have known you in your streams and rivers where your fish flashed and danced in the sun, where the
More informationX-Plain Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Vascular Surgery Reference Summary
X-Plain Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Vascular Surgery Reference Summary Ballooning of the aorta, also known as an "abdominal aortic aneurysm," can lead to life threatening bleeding. Doctors may recommend
More informationnucleus cytoplasm membrane wall A cell is the smallest unit that makes up living and nonliving things.
1 In nature there are living things and nonliving things. Living things depend on three basic life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction. Living things are made up of cells. 1. Match the two
More informationLeader's Resource. Note: Both men and women can have an STD without physical symptoms.
Leader's Resource Information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Signs and Symptoms of STDs Note: Both men and women can have an STD without physical symptoms. Any of the following can indicate to
More informationUNIT 3 SALMON ANATOMY
UNIT 3 SALMON ANATOMY SALMON ANatOMY Overview The class identifies the body parts of a fish and compares them to human body parts. They see how fish shape, skin, scales and gills help salmon live in water.
More informationStreptococcal Infections
Streptococcal Infections Introduction Streptococcal, or strep, infections cause a variety of health problems. These infections can cause a mild skin infection or sore throat. But they can also cause severe,
More informationHow To Care For A Sick Person
39 How to Take Care of a Sick Person Sickness weakens the body. To gain strength and get well quickly, special care is needed. Medicines are often not necessary. But good care is always important. The
More informationLaparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions
Laparoscopic Surgery of the Colon and Rectum (Large Intestine) A Simple Guide to Help Answer Your Questions What are the Colon and Rectum? The colon and rectum together make up the large intestine. After
More informationORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY
ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE BODY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS A. Organ a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function that can any
More informationPersonal Injury TYPES OF HOLIDAY ILLNESSES. www.simpsonmillar.co.uk Telephone 0844 858 3200
TYPES OF HOLIDAY ILLNESSES Whilst on holiday many different contractable illnesses exist, the list below contains the most common. This list is by no means exhaustive and if you have suffered from an illness
More informationRadiotherapy to the chest wall
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust The Radiotherapy Department Radiotherapy to the chest wall Information for patients Introduction This leaflet is for people who have had surgery for breast cancer
More informationPATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET OVEX FAMILY PACK 4 TABLET PACK
PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET OVEX FAMILY PACK 4 TABLET PACK INFORMATION FOR PEOPLE TAKING OVEX FAMILY PACK (MEBENDAZOLE) Before you start to use your medicine, please read this leaflet carefully all the
More informationPrevention of Intestinal Worm Infections Through Improved Sanitation and Hygiene T.V. Luong
Prevention of Intestinal Worm Infections Through Improved Sanitation and Hygiene T.V. Luong MSc, Ph.D. (Imperial College, UK), MCIWEM Water, Environment and Sanitation (WES) Programme UNICEF East Asia
More informationEstimated New Cases of Leukemia, Lymphoma, Myeloma 2014
ABOUT BLOOD CANCERS Leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are types of cancer that can affect the
More informationX-Plain Inguinal Hernia Repair Reference Summary
X-Plain Inguinal Hernia Repair Reference Summary Introduction Hernias are common conditions that affect men and women of all ages. Your doctor may recommend a hernia operation. The decision whether or
More informationFishy Adaptations. Adapted from: Fashion a Fish in Project Wild Aquatic Education Activity Guide. The Council for Environmental Education, 1992
Fishy Adaptations Adapted from: Fashion a Fish in Project Wild Aquatic Education Activity Guide. The Council for Environmental Education, 1992 Physical Structure Grade Level: Basic Duration: 45 minutes
More informationGeneral Practice Service Willows Information Sheets. Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in dogs
General Practice Service Willows Information Sheets Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in dogs Flea Tick Mite Louse Ectoparasites (fleas and other skin parasites) in dogs What types of skin
More informationMini-Medical School on Infectious Diseases. Session #1 - Basic Science
Mini-Medical School on Infectious Diseases Session #1 - Basic Science The Microbial World Michael V. Norgard, Ph.D., Chairman Department of Microbiology U.T. Southwestern Medical Center The Microbial World
More informationUnderstanding Endometriosis - Information Pack
What is endometriosis? Endometriosis (pronounced en- doh mee tree oh sis) is the name given to the condition where cells like the ones in the lining of the womb (uterus) are found elsewhere in the body.
More informationFrog Scavenger Hunt Activity
Frog Scavenger Hunt Activity Materials: Frog questions worksheet (pages 2-3) 18 frog fact cards (pages 4-8) Scissors and scotch tape Preparation: Print the frog fact cards and cut them apart. Make copies
More informationPneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that makes the tiny air sacs in your lungs inflamed (swollen and sore). They then fill with liquid.
Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection that makes the tiny air sacs in your lungs inflamed (swollen and sore). They then fill with liquid. People with mild (not so bad) pneumonia can usually be treated at
More informationChapter 15 - Trematoda: Classification and Form and Function of Digeneans
Bio 434 - Digeneans Form and Function 1 Chapter 15 - Trematoda: Classification and Form and Function of Digeneans Subclass Digenea The great majority of digenetic trematodes are inhabitants of the vertebrate
More informationBiol 111 Comparative & Human Anatomy Lab 9: Circulatory System of the Cat Spring 2014
Biol 111 Comparative & Human Anatomy Lab 9: Circulatory System of the Cat Spring 2014 Philip J. Bergmann Lab Objectives 1. To learn how blood flows through a dual circuit circulation with lungs. 2. To
More informationThe Take-Apart Human Body
The Take-Apart Human Body As any teacher knows, children are naturally curious about their bodies. Their questions are endless, and present a tremendous educational opportunity: How do my ears work? Where
More informationThe symptoms of HIV infection
2 The symptoms of HIV infection Saleema s story HIV infection and HIV disease The first weeks of HIV infection The quiet stage of HIV infection The beginning of HIV disease Answering Saleema s questions
More informationGenetic Mutations. Indicator 4.8: Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes.
Genetic Mutations Indicator 4.8: Compare the consequences of mutations in body cells with those in gametes. Agenda Warm UP: What is a mutation? Body cell? Gamete? Notes on Mutations Karyotype Web Activity
More informationLiving things: Cells Living things:
unit 1 The cell is the smallest unit capable of living an independent existence. Most cells contain a nucleus which controls the way they work; the only cells in the human body with no nuclei are the red
More informationIs That a Frog or Toad?
Name: _ Is That a Frog or Toad? by Guy Belleranti What's the first thing you think of when you see or hear the words frog and toad? Loud "ribbits" or "croaking" calls? Tadpoles swimming in a pond? Long-legged
More informationThe Anorexic Cat For this reason, any cat that stops eating for any reason is considered an emergency situation.
The Anorexic Cat Introduction Any cat that stops eating (anorexic) or begins to eat much less than their normal amount should be seen by a veterinarian right away. The primary reason why a cat stops eating
More informationSide effect of drugs, such as amphetamines, tranquilizers, bulk-type laxatives containing psyllium and certain antibiotics
Eosinophils Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell. A normal eosinophil count is less than 350 cells per microliter of blood. The exact role of eosinophils in your body is unclear, but eosinophils
More informationPeptic Ulcer. Anatomy The stomach is a hollow organ. It is located in the upper abdomen, under the ribs.
Peptic Ulcer Introduction A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of your small intestine. Peptic ulcers may also develop in the esophagus. Nearly
More informationZoonosis From Pets Dr. Corrie Brown, University of Georgia A Webber Training Teleclass
Zoonoses from Pets Old faithfuls Pretty scary On the increase/ really wild Skin diseases often from pets! Corrie Brown, DVM, PhD Professor of Veterinary Pathology University of Georgia, Athens, GA Hosted
More informationThe Radiotherapy Department Radiotherapy to the chest wall and lymph nodes
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust The Radiotherapy Department Radiotherapy to the chest wall and lymph nodes Information for patients Introduction This leaflet is for people who have had surgery for
More informationInformation for Patients having a Colonic Stent Placement
Information for Patients having a Colonic Stent Placement Information for Patients having a Colonic Stent Placement The Digestive System To understand the procedure you are about to have, it helps to have
More informationEating, pooping, and peeing THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Ingested food is not technically in the body until it is absorbed so it needs to be: Mechanically and chemically reduced Transported by the blood to the cells Large portions are not
More informationMesothelioma. 1995-2013, The Patient Education Institute, Inc. www.x-plain.com ocft0101 Last reviewed: 03/21/2013 1
Mesothelioma Introduction Mesothelioma is a type of cancer. It starts in the tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs. This tissue is called mesothelium. Most people who get this
More informationSWINE QUIZ BOWL QUESTIONS
SWINE QUIZ BOWL QUESTIONS Swine 1 Questions 1. Name this black bodied pig that has six white points, including their nose, tail and feet. They have erect ears and dished snouts. a. Berkshire 2. Name this
More informationWhat You Should Know About Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases. Sudbury Board of Health
What You Should Know About Lyme Disease and Other Tick-Borne Diseases Sudbury Board of Health Goals of presentation Be aware of Lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases Recognize basic signs and symptoms
More informationHydraulic Fluid. Public Health Statement for. September 1997
Public Health Statement for Hydraulic Fluid September 1997 This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for Hydraulic Fluid. It is one in a series of Public Health
More informationAnimal Parasites. but can t kill host! the most successful parasites do as little harm as possible to their hosts
Animal Parasites Parasitism! most common form of symbiosis 1/4th of all animal families are parasites 20-50% of all animal species are parasitic endoparasite! parasite lives on the inside of host digestive
More informationIf you have a cold or the flu, you can spread the sickness to someone else. How does the sickness spread? Write your ideas on the lines below.
The Immune System Textbook pages 100 109 Before You Read Section 3.1 Summary If you have a cold or the flu, you can spread the sickness to someone else. How does the sickness spread? Write your ideas on
More informationThe Circulatory System. Chapter 17 Lesson 1
The Circulatory System Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Functions of the Circulatory System Your circulatory system maintains an internal environment in which all the cells in your body are nourished. As your heart
More informationConducting a school deworming day. A manual for teachers
Conducting a school deworming day A manual for teachers WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Conducting a school deworming day: a manual for teachers. 1.Parasitic diseases prevention and control.
More informationANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 2 ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE COURSE - SESSION 2 ORGANIZATION OF THE BODY Human beings are arguably the most complex organisms on this planet. Imagine billions of microscopic parts, each with its own identity,
More informationIntroduction Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. About 1 in 10,000 people are born with hemophilia.
Hemophilia Introduction Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. About 1 in 10,000 people are born with hemophilia. Hemophilia can be mild, moderate, or severe.
More informationProblems of the Digestive System
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists f AQ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ120 WOMEN S HEALTH Problems of the Digestive System What are some common digestive problems? What is constipation?
More informationSentinel Chicken Screening Here are the mosquito larvae! Ground Application Aerial Larvicide Applications
County of San Diego Vector Control Program Mosquitoes, Rats, Ticks and More! What is a Vector? Any organism capable of carrying and transferring a disease Common vectors: Mosquitoes Ticks Rats Flies Mosquito
More informationDigestive System AKA. GI System. Overview. GI Process Process Includes. G-I Tract Alimentary Canal
Digestive System AKA G-I Tract Alimentary Canal Overview GI System Consists of Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus About 30 in length Accessory Organs Teeth, tongue,
More informationCANCER TREATMENT: Chemotherapy
CANCER TREATMENT: Chemotherapy Chemotherapy, often called chemo, is the use of drugs to treat a disease. The term chemotherapy is now most often used to describe a type of cancer treatment. Dr. Khuri:
More information1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT. This public health statement tells you about hydraulic fluids and the effects of exposure.
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS 1 This public health statement tells you about hydraulic fluids and the effects of exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites
More informationFor the Patient: Paclitaxel injection Other names: TAXOL
For the Patient: Paclitaxel injection Other names: TAXOL Paclitaxel (pak'' li tax' el) is a drug that is used to treat many types of cancer. It is a clear liquid that is injected into a vein. Tell your
More informationName That Adaptation. Background: Link to the Plan Read Section 5 (Whooping Crane Ecology and Biology) in the Management Plan
Summary Students will explore structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations of whooping cranes. Objectives: Students will be able to: Define an adaptation Describe several whooping crane adaptations
More informationFrequently asked questions for malaria
Frequently asked questions for malaria 1. What is malaria? Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted through bite of an infected mosquito at night. There are two main types
More informationThe Moredun Foundation. News Sheet Vol. 4, No.10. Toxoplasmosis in Sheep
The Moredun Foundation News Sheet Vol. 4, No.10 Toxoplasmosis in Sheep (Published February 2006) Susan Rodger BVMS (Hons), PhD, MRCVS David Buxton BVMS, PhD, FRCPath, FRCVS Moredun Research Institute Pentlands
More informationWelcome to Anatomy & Physiology
Welcome to Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1 -Human Organization What do you need to do to pass this class? MEMORIZE! The Scope of Human Anatomy Human anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body.
More informationTERMS FOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR TYPE 2 DIABETES. Definitions for Common Terms Related to Type 2 Diabetes
TERMS FOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR TYPE 2 DIABETES Definitions for Common Terms Related to Type 2 Diabetes TYPE 2 DIABETES AND BLOOD SUGAR 1-3 This list of terms may help you beter understand type 2 diabetes,
More informationBone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Severe Forms of Autoimmune Disorders or Certain Types of Cancer
Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Severe Forms of Autoimmune Disorders or Certain Types of Cancer A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers Is This Information Right
More informationDigestive System Notes
Digestive System Notes Structure Function Relation Mouth cavity Mechanical digestion by teeth; chemical digestion of starch by saliva. Salivary glands Three pairs of glands which secrete saliva containing
More informationName Class Date Laboratory Investigation 24A Chapter 24A: Human Skin
Name Class Date Laboratory Investigation 24A Chapter 24A: Human Skin Human Anatomy & Physiology: Integumentary System You may refer to pages 386-394 in your textbook for a general discussion of the integumentary
More informationIntroduction to Animals
Introduction to Animals Unity and Diversity of Life Q: What characteristics and traits define animals? 25.1 What is an animal? WHAT I KNOW SAMPLE ANSWER: Animals are different from other living things
More informationguide for all dog owners How to keep your dog healthy
guide for all dog owners How to keep your dog healthy Welcome Getting a new addition to your family can be a rewarding and fun experience. However, taking the decision to own a dog should not be taken
More informationUnique reproductive strategies have developed to ensure maximum reproductive success.
Animal Reproductive Strategies The ultimate goal of each species is to produce the maximum number of surviving offspring using the least amount of energy. This is called the reproductive effort. Asexual
More informationNormal CT scan of the chest
Normal CT scan of the chest Heart with left and right ventricle showing up lighter (contrast dye) Breast tissue Breast bone (sternum) Breast tissue Left lung (dark area) Right lung (dark area) Rib Main
More informationFifth Grade, Cells: Structures and Processes 2005 Colorado Summer Writing Institute 1
Cells: Structures and Processes Grade Level or Special Area: Fifth Grade Written by: Ellie Luyombya, The Academy, Denver, CO Length of Unit: Nine lessons (approximately nine to eleven days 45 minutes each
More informationRIPPLE Africa Step by Step Fruit Tree planting Guide
RIPPLE Africa Step by Step Fruit Tree planting Guide NOTES ON FRUIT PRODUCTION Aim and Objective The aim and objective of RIPPLE Africa as an organisation is to make Nkhata Bay District one of the leading
More informationLung Cancer. This reference summary will help you better understand lung cancer and the treatment options that are available.
Lung Cancer Introduction Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer of men and women. Over 165,000 people die of lung cancer every year in the United States. Most cases of lung cancer are related to cigarette
More informationOvarian Cancer. in Georgia, 1999-2003. Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health
Ovarian Cancer in Georgia, 1999-23 Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Acknowledgments Georgia Department of Human Resources......B. J. Walker, Commissioner Division of Public
More informationFood allergy /anaphylaxis
Food allergy /anaphylaxis A food allergy or hypersensitivity is an abnormal response to a food that is triggered by the immune system. Allergic reactions are often mild, but can be sometimes very dangerous.
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 16. Introduction. Histological Organization. Overview of Digestive System. Movement and Mixing of Digestive Materials
The Digestive System Chapter 16 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationReproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1
Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1 1. Which two glands in the diagram produce gametes? A. glands A and B B. glands B and E C. glands C and F D. glands E and F 2. Base your answer
More informationEmbryo Clay Model Embryogenesis and Stem Cell Development
Embryo Clay Model Embryogenesis and Stem Cell Development Objective: To identify stages and locations of early embryonic development To see at what point stem cells are totipotent, pluripotent, and multipotent
More informationStachybotrys chartarum a mold that may be found in water-damaged homes
Stachybotrys chartarum a mold that may be found in water-damaged homes November 2000 Environmental Health Investigations Branch California Department of Health Services Stachybotrys chartarum ecology Stachybotrys
More informationImmunity. Humans have three types of immunity innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate Immunity
Immunity Humans have three types of immunity innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate Immunity Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection. Many of the germs that affect
More informationDisease/Illness GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER. What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? www.simpsonmillar.co.uk Telephone 0844 858 3200
GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? Like tobacco smoking, exposure to asbestos can result in the development of lung cancer. Similarly, the risk of developing asbestos induced lung
More informationTopic 3.0 Healthy human function depends on a variety of interacting and reacting systems
Topic 3.0 Healthy human function depends on a variety of interacting and reacting systems Organ Systems Organ systems must have the ability to to changes within and outside of your body to maintain life
More informationCystic Fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis affects various systems in children and young adults, including the following:
Cystic Fibrosis What is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by an abnormality in the glands that produce sweat and mucus. It is chronic, progressive, and is usually
More informationBreast Cancer. Sometimes cells keep dividing and growing without normal controls, causing an abnormal growth called a tumor.
Breast Cancer Introduction Cancer of the breast is the most common form of cancer that affects women but is no longer the leading cause of cancer deaths. About 1 out of 8 women are diagnosed with breast
More information