Index. Bilingualism additive versus subtractive, 37-38

Transcription

1 Index Academic achievement, Achievement testing, 122 Acquisition. See Language acquisition; Speech acquisition Additive bilingualism ancestral language training, 43, 44 subtractive bilingualism versus, Adult literacy, 3-14 African language African language growth, contemporary, historical perspective on, overview of, 277 Age level alfonic instruction, , 256 bilingual reading instruction, multilingualism, 8-9 Alfonic instruction, applications of, basis of, 252 double articulation, 246 letters, 253 overview of, phonemes, semiotic system, skills acquisition, skills required, 248 subphonemic notation, Ancestral language training, bilingual literacy, Heritage Language Program (Canada), overview of, pedagogical aspects, psycholinguistic research, Bilingualism additive versus subtractive, Bilingualism (Cont.) African language growth, 277 ancestral language training, Brazilian culture, Brazilian history, culture, education of indigenous populations, immersion education, indigenous communities, intellectual activity, 85-86, 262 interdisciplinary perspective, 22 NELECS, 30, reading and research efforts in research issues in threats to, 18 United States, written/oral differences, 21 See also Catalan/Castilian; Multilingualism Bilingual reading instruction, case studies in, instruments for, overview of, 261 research in, teaching methods, theory and, Books. See African language growth; Media; Whole-language approach Brazil, Britain African/Asian languages in, bilingual debate in, 131 language definition problem in, 128 language surveys in, linguistic repertoire of children in, multilingual education in, oral reading in,

2 288 INDEX Britain (Cont.) whole-language approach in, 235 Broadcasting. See Media Canada ancestral language training, immersion education, 35-39, 86 Catalan/Castilian, educational policy and, intellectual activity, linguistic results, methodology of study, overview of, sociocultural factors, Central government. See Government; Politics Children bilingualism, 18, Catalan/Castilian, 79, 81 immersion education, linguistic repertoire of, linguistic variation, 148, speech acquisition, 148 Comprehension, Coreferent, 177 Creole, Haitian linguistic situation, Haitian variation, native language context, norm conflict, spelling variations, standardization/instrumentalization, Culture bilingual education, immersion education, linguistic variation, 14 7 literacy definition, 95 NELECS, 30 whole-language approach, 238 Curriculum Netherlands, Switzerland, 200 Cyrillic characters, 123 Decreolization described, 56, 57 process of, threat to, 73 See also Creole Dialect ancestral language training, 49 Dialect (Cont.) Italy, 97 Netherlands, 97-99, 106 Swiss-German, Diglossia. See Creole Diphthong/monophthong, Double articulation, 246 Early bilingual reading instruction. See Bilingual reading instruction Economic issues mother tongue concept, 6-8 oral reading practice, Education policy, Educational materials. See Media Ethnicity Hungary, 115 immersion education, mother tongue concept, 10, 11 NELECS, 28, 29, 32 Netherlands, , See also Immigrants Family bilingualism, 87 Catalan/Castilian, 84 Financial resources. See Economic issues Foreign language instruction, Formal speech, Form awareness, 143 France, Germany, 223 Government bilingualism, Catalan/Castilian, Creole, 59 Heritage Language program (Canada), 43 indigenous populations, mother tongue concept, 4-5, 7 Netherlands, Grade level text reading comprehension evaluation, See also Age level Gypsy, 120, Haiti, See also Creole Hausa language. See African language growth Hawthorne effect, 240

3 INDEX 289 Heritage Language program, See also Ancestral language training Historical-narrative productions, Hungary, educational system in, illiteracy in, overview of, Illiteracy, Immersion education, additive versus subtractive bilingualism, ancestral language training, Catalan/Castilian, 86 early schooling, functional bilingualism, Immigrants ancestral language training, 41, bilingual education, 87, bilingualism, 19, 22 Heritage Language program (Canada), 43 mother tongue concept, NELECS, subtractive bilingualism, See also Ethnicity Indigenous populations bilingualism, educational programs for, Informal speech acceptance of, 148 See also Metalinguistic awareness development; Speech acquisition Initial reading scheme. See Whole-language approach Instrumentalization, Intellectual activity, 85-86, 262 Italy bilingual reading, dialect, 97 Job description, Kindergarten, Koine, 49 Language acquisition, comprehension/lexical acquisition processes, overview of, phonological acquisition processes, Language acquisition (Cont.) preterite acquisition, spontaneous production, See also Speech acquisition Language awareness assessment, form awareness, 143 G.T.L. instrument for, instrument for, overview of, phoneme awareness, 142 statistical data, word awareness, Language definition, 128 Language surveys, Lexical acquisition, Lexifier language, Linguistics alfonic instruction, 245 Catalan/Castilian, mother tongue concept, 8-9 Linguistic variation children, 148, factors in, 147 Literacy definition, government and, linguistic diversity, overview of, problems in, research/curriculum development, l 04-l 09 Materials. See Media Media bilingualism, 21 Creole, mother tongue concept, 7, II speech acquisition, 148 Metalinguistic awareness development, formal variants and situations, linguistic variation, overview of, 147 precise linguistic variables, research objectives, 149 theory in, See also Language awareness assessment Metrology, Minorities bilingual education, Britain, Hungary, 115

4 290 INDEX Minorities (Cont.) Netherlands, 97, , See also Ethnicity Monolingualism, Monophthong/diphthong, Mother tongue, 3-14 African language growth, 281, 283 Britain, 131 Catalan/Castilian, 79, 82, 83 Creole, economic issues, 6-8 Hungary, language acquisition, 199 linguistic context in, 5-6 linguistic-sociolinguistic issues, 8-9 literacy definition, See also Literacy definition metalinguistic awareness development, 14 7-!57 political issues, religion, 16 Zambian government, 4-5 Multilingual education, African/ Asian language in Britain, African language growth, 277 language definition problem, 128 language surveys, linguistic repertoire of children, Multilingualism age level and, 8-9 mother tongue concept, 5-6 See also Bilingualism Narrative, NELECS. See Non-English-language ethnic community schools Netherlands literacy definition, schools in, 222 Non-English-language ethnic community schools (NELECS), characterization of, literacy mode in, literacy myths and, location/evaluation of, overview of, successes of, 32 N-suffixing, Nursery school education, Oral language. See Speech acquisition Oral reading practice, institutional control, learning process and, niche creation, overview of, silent reading processes versus, social functions, social roots of, Orthography alfonic instruction, Creole, Patois, Pedagogy, Phonemes alfonic instruction, language awareness assessment, 142 Phonological acquisition, Politics, 89 mother tongue concept, Preterite acquisition, Primary school education, Psychoeducational language awareness assessment. See Language awareness assessment Psycholinguistics, Radio. See Media Reading, See also Language awareness assessment Reading comprehension. See Text reading comprehension evaluation; Written comprehension problems Reading instruction. See Alfonic instruction; Bilingual reading instruction; Whole-language approach Reading practice. See Oral reading practice Recounting, Referent, 177 Religion, 16 Role dependency, 202 Schoolbooks. See African language growth Semiotics, Sidestream institutions, Sociocultural factors, Socioeconomic class linguistic variation, 147

5 INDEX 291 Socioeconomic class (Cont.) monolingualism, NELECS, 29 lest reading comprehension evaluation, Sociolinguistics Creole, 56 mother tongue concept, 8-9 Netherlands, 100, 106 Somali language. See African language growth Spanish. See Catalan/Castilian Speech acquisition metalinguistic awareness development, See also Language acquisition Spelling, See also Orthography Spontaneous production, Standardization, Story creation, Subphonemic notation, Subtractive bilingualism additive bilingualism versus, ancestral language training, Swahili. See African language growth Switzerland, Teachers ancestral language training, 49 bilingual reading instruction, immersion education, 36 mother tongue concept, oral reading practice, 231 Text reading comprehension evaluation, overview of, 159 research objectives, results of, Text reading comprehensive evaluation (Cont.) test presentation, United Kingdom. See Britain United States bilingual education, immersion education, 37 non-english-language ethnic community schools in, Urban/rural variation Creole, 62 Vowel change, 207-2!0 Whole-language approach, alternative schemes described, alternative schemes implementation, overview of, Word awareness, Writing instruction. See Alfonic instruction Writing skills, Written comprehension problems, overview of, test results, written productions, See also Written productions Written language, 31 Written productions, job description, overview of, recounting of show, story creation, Zambia, 3-14