Nuclear Fuels and Fission
|
|
|
- Jeffrey King
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Fuels and Fission 1 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
2 2 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
3 How do we get energy from atoms? 3 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Atoms contain huge amounts of energy in their nuclei. There are two ways in which this energy can be released. One way is to split atomic nuclei in a process called nuclear fission. nucleus Another way is to join nuclei together in a process called nuclear fusion. electrons The energy that holds particles together in a nucleus is much greater than the energy that holds electrons to a nucleus. This is the why the energy released during nuclear reactions (involving nuclei splitting apart or joining together) is much greater than that for chemical reactions (involving electrons).
4 4 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Einstein and E = mc 2 In 1905, Albert Einstein made the connection between energy and matter. Einstein predicted that a small amount of matter could release a huge amount of energy in a nuclear reaction. He expressed this in what is probably the most famous equation in physics: E = mc 2. E is energy produced m is mass lost c is the speed of light in a vacuum
5 Proof of Einstein s theory 5 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 In 1933, work by Irène and Frédéric Joliot-Curie proved Einstein s prediction. They produced a photograph that showed the creation of two particles (mass) when a particle of light (carrying energy) was destroyed. This was the first proof of the conversion of energy into mass. However, the strongest evidence of Einstein s theory came with discoveries about nuclear fission and fusion reactions, in which huge amounts of energy are released from atoms.
6 6 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
7 What is nuclear fission? 7 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Nuclear fission occurs when a stable isotope is struck by a neutron. The isotope absorbs the neutron, becomes unstable and then splits apart, releasing large amounts of energy. Unlike natural radioactive decay, fission is not a natural event. Isotopes that undergo fission include uranium-235 and plutonium-239. Most nuclear reactors use uranium-235. The fission of 1 kilogram of uranium-235 releases more energy than burning 2 million kilograms of coal!
8 How is uranium used in nuclear reactors? 8 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 There are two major isotopes of uranium 238 and 235. Uranium-238 is more common, but it does not undergo nuclear fission. Only 0.7% of naturally-occurring uranium is uranium-235, which does undergo nuclear fission. Before it can be used as the fuel in nuclear power stations, uranium needs to be enriched until it has 3% uranium-235. The enriched fuel is made into rods which are used in the reactor.
9 What happens in nuclear fission? 9 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
10 What are the products of fission? 10 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 When fission of uranium-235 occurs, it splits into two smaller nuclei, known as daughter nuclei. Many possible daughter nuclei may be formed in a fission process. One example is shown below. fission uranium neutron uranium strontium + xenon + neutrons
11 Where does the energy come from? 11 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Barium and krypton are often the daughter nuclei formed by the fission of uranium-235. The decay equation for this is: U + n Kr Ba n In this decay equation, the number of protons and the mass numbers on both sides of the equation balance. However, the particles after decay have slightly less mass than the particles before decay. The mass that has been lost has turned into energy.
12 How does nuclear power work? 12 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
13 Nuclear fission true or false? 13 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
14 14 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
15 What happens in a chain reaction? 15 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
16 What is a chain reaction? 16 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Nuclear fission results in a chain reaction because each time a nucleus splits it releases more neutrons, which can go on and cause more fission reactions to occur, and so on. + This is why a chain reaction releases a lot of energy so rapidly. If a chain reaction is uncontrolled, heat builds up very quickly. A chain reaction must be controlled to maintain a steady output of heat.
17 What are the stages of a chain reaction? 17 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
18 How are neutrons controlled? 18 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
19 Controlling a reactor 19 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
20 Why must chain reactions be controlled? 20 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Chain reactions can generate a lot of heat and can be extremely dangerous if they are not properly controlled. This is what happened in 1983 in the world s worst nuclear power accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine. Most of the control rods had been removed from a reactor during a test. The chain reactions were uncontrolled and generated too much heat. The reactor overheated and caused a steam explosion, which blew the building apart and released a lot of radiation into the environment.
21 How do nuclear weapons work? 21 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Nuclear bombs use uncontrolled chain reactions. For such a chain reaction to occur, there must be a certain amount of uranium atoms. This is called the critical mass. A nuclear weapon works by forcing together two masses of uranium-235 to create a critical mass. This results in uncontrolled chain reactions releasing huge amounts of energy. This four tonne uranium bomb is similar to one used during the Second World War in Hiroshima, Japan. It has the same power as 20,000 tonnes of high explosive.
22 Chain reactions key words 22 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
23 23 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
24 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster 24 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 A massive earthquake on 11 th March 2011 caused the six reactors at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Japan to shut down automatically. Though fission had stopped, the reactors continued to produce heat. The tsunami that followed the earthquake disabled the pumps driving the cooling systems, causing the reactors to overheat. Reactors 1, 2 and 3 subsequently experienced meltdown. Why was heat still produced after fission had stopped?
25 What happens to the daughter nuclei? 25 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Some of the daughter nuclei produced during nuclear fission are stable isotopes, but many are unstable and radioactive, e.g. strontium-90. Unstable daughter nuclei in the fuel rods decay into other radioactive isotopes. The decay process continues until a stable isotope is formed. Strontium-90 Yttrium-90 half-life = 28 years This process is what caused the meltdown at the Fukushima nuclear plant, as it produces large amounts of heat and radiation. Zirconium-90 half-life = 64 hours (stable)
26 Making materials radioactive 26 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Materials that are placed inside a nuclear reactor can become radioactive themselves. This is because their atoms absorb some of the neutrons released during fission, creating new isotopes. Some of these isotopes are unstable and decay, giving out radiation. All parts of a nuclear reactor must be carefully disposed of as nuclear waste when the reactor is decommissioned. Some substances, like medical tracers, are deliberately put inside nuclear reactors to make them radioactive.
27 Nuclear waste 27 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011 Waste from spent nuclear fuel rods contains highly toxic substances and may remain radioactive for thousands of years. It can harm both people and the environment. Plutonium-239 can be recovered and used as a nuclear fuel or to make nuclear weapons. Many of the other isotopes in the remaining waste have no practical purpose. Strict regulations are followed when handling and storing nuclear waste. Long-term storage of nuclear waste is a major problem. Why is it so difficult to find suitable sites?
28 Categorizing nuclear waste 28 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
29 Using nuclear fission 29 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
30 30 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
31 Glossary 31 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
32 Anagrams 32 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
33 Multiple-choice quiz 33 of 33 Boardworks Ltd 2011
Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission
Basics of Nuclear Physics and Fission A basic background in nuclear physics for those who want to start at the beginning. Some of the terms used in this factsheet can be found in IEER s on-line glossary.
Structure and Properties of Atoms
PS-2.1 Compare the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) of an atom with regard to mass, location, and charge, and explain how these particles affect the properties of an atom (including identity,
Objectives 404 CHAPTER 9 RADIATION
Objectives Explain the difference between isotopes of the same element. Describe the force that holds nucleons together. Explain the relationship between mass and energy according to Einstein s theory
Nuclear Energy: Nuclear Energy
Introduction Nuclear : Nuclear As we discussed in the last activity, energy is released when isotopes decay. This energy can either be in the form of electromagnetic radiation or the kinetic energy of
Plutonium vs. Uranium: The Road Less Traveled. In a world where nuclear proliferation may no longer be held back by the guise of antiproliferation
David Wang STS.092 Plutonium vs. Uranium: The Road Less Traveled In a world where nuclear proliferation may no longer be held back by the guise of antiproliferation treaties, where the news, everyday,
............... [2] At the time of purchase of a Strontium-90 source, the activity is 3.7 10 6 Bq.
![............... [2] At the time of purchase of a Strontium-90 source, the activity is 3.7 10 6 Bq.](/thumbs/40/21837699.jpg "............... [2] At the time of purchase of a Strontium-90 source, the activity is 3.7 10 6 Bq.")
1 Strontium-90 decays with the emission of a β-particle to form Yttrium-90. The reaction is represented by the equation 90 38 The decay constant is 0.025 year 1. 90 39 0 1 Sr Y + e + 0.55 MeV. (a) Suggest,
HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WORK?
HOW DOES A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT WORK? O n t a r i o P o w e r G e n e r a t i o n P U T T I N G O U R E N E R G Y T O U S G O O D E O N T A R I O P O W E R G E N E R A T I O N What a Nuclear Reactor Does
Fukushima 2011. Fukushima Daiichi accident. Nuclear fission. Distribution of energy. Fission product distribution. Nuclear fuel
Fukushima 2011 Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Earthquake and Tsunami Accident initiators and progression Jan Leen Kloosterman Delft University of Technology 1 2 Nuclear fission Distribution of energy radioactive
22.1 Nuclear Reactions
In the Middle Ages, individuals called alchemists spent a lot of time trying to make gold. Often, they fooled people into believing that they had made gold. Although alchemists never succeeded in making
1. In the general symbol cleus, which of the three letters. 2. What is the mass number of an alpha particle?
1. In the general symbol cleus, which of the three letters Z A X for a nu represents the atomic number? 2. What is the mass number of an alpha particle? 3. What is the mass number of a beta particle? 4.
Submarines and Aircraft Carriers: The Science of Nuclear Power
! Submarines and Aircraft Carriers: The Science of Nuclear Power Science Topic: Physics and Social Science Grades: 9th 12th Essential Questions: How does a nuclear reactor work? What are the benefits and
Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Physics comprises the study of:
Nuclear Physics Nuclear Physics comprises the study of: The general properties of nuclei The particles contained in the nucleus The interaction between these particles Radioactivity and nuclear reactions
Radioactivity & Particles
Radioactivity & Particles Introduction... 2 Atomic structure... 2 How are these particles arranged?... 2 Atomic notation... 4 Isotopes... 4 What is radioactivity?... 5 Types of Radiation: alpha, beta and
GCSE Additional Science Physics Contents Guide
GCSE Additional Science Contents Guide Copyright Boardworks Ltd 2007 Boardworks Ltd The Gallery 54 Marston Street Oxford OX4 1LF 08703 50 55 60 enquiries@boardworks.co.uk www.boardworks.co.uk 04-07 contains
For convenience, we may consider an atom in two parts: the nucleus and the electrons.
Atomic structure A. Introduction: In 1808, an English scientist called John Dalton proposed an atomic theory based on experimental findings. (1) Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.
Introduction to Nuclear Physics
Introduction to Nuclear Physics 1. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table According to the Bohr-Rutherford model of the atom, also called the solar system model, the atom consists of a central nucleus
The Physics of Energy sources Nuclear Reactor Practicalities
The Physics of Energy sources Nuclear Reactor Practicalities B. Maffei Bruno.maffei@manchester.ac.uk www.jb.man.ac.uk/~bm Nuclear Reactor 1 Commonalities between reactors All reactors will have the same
Solar Energy Production
Solar Energy Production We re now ready to address the very important question: What makes the Sun shine? Why is this such an important topic in astronomy? As humans, we see in the visible part of the
Physics 1104 Midterm 2 Review: Solutions
Physics 114 Midterm 2 Review: Solutions These review sheets cover only selected topics from the chemical and nuclear energy chapters and are not meant to be a comprehensive review. Topics covered in these
Economics of Thorium and Uranium Reactors
Sherman Lam HSA 10-05 The Economics of Oil and Energy April 30, 2013 Economics of Thorium and Uranium Reactors In February 2012, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved a license for two new nuclear
Conventional Energy Sources
9.2 Conventional Energy Sources Key Question: What benefits and problems come with common sources of energy? Hints The word plant here is not the kind that grows out of the ground. In this section, plants
Energy Conversion Efficiency. Before we discuss energy conversion efficiency, let us briefly get familiarized with various forms of energy first.
Energy and Environment-1: Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy Objectives Key words and Concepts Energy Conversion Efficiency Fossil Fuels Nuclear Energy Cold Fusion? Summary Objectives: 1. Gain real understanding
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1
10 Nuclear Power Reactors Figure 10.1 89 10.1 What is a Nuclear Power Station? The purpose of a power station is to generate electricity safely reliably and economically. Figure 10.1 is the schematic of
Chemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation. Marc R. Roussel
Chemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation Marc R. Roussel Nuclear reactions Ordinary chemical reactions do not involve the nuclei, so we can balance these reactions by making sure that
Instructors Guide: Atoms and Their Isotopes
Instructors Guide: Atoms and Their Isotopes Standards Connections Connections to NSTA Standards for Science Teacher Preparation C.3.a.1 Fundamental structures of atoms and molecules. C.3.b.27 Applications
Nuclear Waste A Guide to Understanding Where We've Been and Where We're Going
Nuclear Waste A Guide to Understanding Where We've Been and Where We're Going National Conference of State Legislatures The presentation was created by the National Conference of State Legislatures and
PHYA5/1. General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2011. Unit 5 Nuclear and Thermal Physics Section A
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examinerʼs Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examinerʼs Initials General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination June 2011 Question 1 2 Mark Physics
The Physics of Nuclear Weapons
The Physics of Nuclear Weapons While the technology behind nuclear weapons is of secondary importance to this seminar, some background is helpful when dealing with issues such as nuclear proliferation.
MODULE 1: Nuclear Energy; Exponential Growth and Decay OVERVIEW
MODULE 1: Nuclear Energy; Exponential Growth and Decay OVERVIEW Making predictions about the future is part of what mathematicians and scientists do. Many natural phenomena and physical processes are described
Chemical Building Blocks: Chapter 3: Elements and Periodic Table
Name: Class: Date: Chemical Building Blocks: Chapter 3: Elements and Periodic Table Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
Radiation and the Universe Higher Exam revision questions and answers
Radiation and the Universe Higher Exam revision questions and answers Madeley High School Q.The names of three different processes are given in List A. Where these processes happen is given in List B.
Indiana's Academic Standards 2010 ICP Indiana's Academic Standards 2016 ICP. map) that describe the relationship acceleration, velocity and distance.
.1.1 Measure the motion of objects to understand.1.1 Develop graphical, the relationships among distance, velocity and mathematical, and pictorial acceleration. Develop deeper understanding through representations
SCH 3UI Unit 2 Outline Up to Quiz #1 Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table
Lesson Topics Covered SCH 3UI Unit 2 Outline Up to Quiz #1 Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table 1 Note: History of Atomic Theory progression of understanding of composition of matter; ancient Greeks and
PROS AND CONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY FOR THE 21 st CENTURY
PROS AND CONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY FOR THE 21 st CENTURY By Dr Clarence Hardy Secretary, Australian Nuclear Association Vice-President, Pacific Nuclear Council Presentation to Engineers Australia, Southern
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Mark Holt Specialist in Energy Policy Richard J. Campbell Specialist in Energy Policy Mary Beth Nikitin Specialist in Nonproliferation January 18, 2012 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and
Introduction to Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Advanced Nuclear Fuels
Introduction to Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Advanced Nuclear Fuels Jon Carmack Deputy National Technical Director Fuel Cycle Technology Advanced Fuels Program February 27, 2011 The Evolution of Nuclear Power
NOTES ON The Structure of the Atom
NOTES ON The Structure of the Atom Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. Those properties can be explained by examining the atoms that compose the matter. An atom is the smallest particle
IBC 2100. Nuclear Energy Liability Exclusion. Explained
IBC 2100 Nuclear Energy Liability Exclusion Explained By Colleen DeMerchant Assistant Manager Nuclear Insurance Association of Canada June 22, 2005 Nuclear Energy Liability Exclusion (IBC 2100 CGL form)
18.2 Comparing Atoms. Atomic number. Chapter 18
As you know, some substances are made up of only one kind of atom and these substances are called elements. You already know something about a number of elements you ve heard of hydrogen, helium, silver,
Lesson 43: Alpha, Beta, & Gamma Decay
Lesson 43: Alpha, Beta, & Gamma Decay The late 18s and early 19s were a period of intense research into the new nuclear realm of physics. In 1896 Henri Becquerel found that a sample of uranium he was doing
Main properties of atoms and nucleus
Main properties of atoms and nucleus. Atom Structure.... Structure of Nuclei... 3. Definition of Isotopes... 4. Energy Characteristics of Nuclei... 5. Laws of Radioactive Nuclei Transformation... 3. Atom
Energy Sources. Chapter Resources. Includes: Glencoe Science. Reproducible Student Pages. Teacher Support and Planning TRANSPARENCY ACTIVITIES
Glencoe Science Chapter Resources Energy Sources Includes: Reproducible Student Pages ASSESSMENT Chapter Tests Chapter Review HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES Lab Worksheets for each Student Edition Activity Laboratory
Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 7: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry Problems: -20, 24-30, 32-46, 49-70, 74-88, 99-0 7.2 THE DISCOVERY OF RADIOACTIVITY In 896, a French physicist named Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium-containing
Chapter NP-1. Nuclear Physics. Atomic Nature of Matter TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES
Chapter NP-1 Nuclear Physics Atomic Nature of Matter TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES 1.1 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 2.0 COMPOSITION OF ATOMS 2.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT
1 This public health statement tells you about cesium and the effects of exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites
Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity 1. The number of electrons in an atom of atomic number Z and mass number A is 1) A 2) Z 3) A+Z 4) A-Z 2. The repulsive force between the positively charged protons does
EPA Radionuclides Rule and the RadNet Program
EPA Radionuclides Rule and the RadNet Program Kelly Moran (215) 814-2331 moran.kelly@epa.gov 7/20/2011 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1 What is a radionuclide (radioisotope)? element - any one of
3 Atomic Structure 15
3 Atomic Structure 15 3.1 Atoms You need to be familiar with the terms in italics The diameter of the nucleus is approximately 10-15 m and an atom 10-10 m. All matter consists of atoms. An atom can be
May 23, 2011 Tokyo Electric Power Company
Analysis and evaluation of the operation record and accident record of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station at the time of Tohoku-Chihou-Taiheiyou-Oki-Earthquake (summary) May 23, 2011 Tokyo Electric
Nuclear Power. If there is one word that has sparked more controversy than almost any other word in the
Lisonbee 1 Kasen Lisonbee Bryce Christensen English 2010 10/6/2014 Nuclear Power If there is one word that has sparked more controversy than almost any other word in the past century it may well be the
Masses in Atomic Units
Nuclear Composition - the forces binding protons and neutrons in the nucleus are much stronger (binding energy of MeV) than the forces binding electrons to the atom (binding energy of ev) - the constituents
NUCLEAR SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY
The Most Important Substance You ve Never Heard Of (Probably) The story of Molybdenum-99 Michael Washer, PE, Merrick and Company Martin Biggs, Chief Engineer, Phoenix Engineering NUCLEAR SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY
Radioactivity III: Measurement of Half Life.
PHY 192 Half Life 1 Radioactivity III: Measurement of Half Life. Introduction This experiment will once again use the apparatus of the first experiment, this time to measure radiation intensity as a function
a V e N als enting/gee Mers IGN rse amp Nuclear a can Ica
Nuclear Arsenals ICAN CAMPAIGNERS MEETING/GENEVA 1. Nuclear weapons 101 2. Who has nuclear weapons? How many do they really have? How do they work? Most nuclear weapons today are twostage thermonuclear
DRAFT Milestones and Recommendations: Fuel Cycle OECD/IEA 2010
DRAFT Milestones and Recommendations: Fuel Cycle 1 OECD/IEA 2010 Fuel cycle: - established technologies for all steps of the NFC, though R&D can help improve technologies, reduce costs, Front end: uranium
Potassium-Argon (K-Ar) Dating
Potassium-Argon (K-Ar) Dating K-Ar Dating In 10,000 K atoms: 9326 39 K 673 41 K 1 40 K Potassium Decay Potassium Decay Potassium Decay Argon About 1% of atmosphere is argon Three stable isotopes of argon
WHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM??
WHERE DID ALL THE ELEMENTS COME FROM?? In the very beginning, both space and time were created in the Big Bang. It happened 13.7 billion years ago. Afterwards, the universe was a very hot, expanding soup
IAEA INTERNATIONAL FACT FINDING EXPERT MISSION OF THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT FOLLOWING THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
IAEA INTERNATIONAL FACT FINDING EXPERT MISSION OF THE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT FOLLOWING THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI Tokyo, Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, Fukushima Dai-ni NPP and Tokai NPP, Japan 24
ASTM C26 LONG RANGE PLAN Committee on the Nuclear Fuel Cycle
ASTM C26 LONG RANGE PLAN Committee on the Nuclear Fuel Cycle VISION STATEMENT ASTM C26 continues to be the Internationally-recognized leader in the development of consensus standards for the Nuclear Fuel
Nuclear Science Merit Badge Workbook
Merit Badge Workbook This workbook can help you but you still need to read the merit badge pamphlet. The work space provided for each requirement should be used by the Scout to make notes for discussing
Nuclear Energy Policy. Student Panel March 28, 2014
Nuclear Energy Policy Student Panel March 28, 2014 Introduction In the late 1930s, Europe is on the verge of World War II Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard send a letter to President Roosevelt warning of
Objectives. PAM1014 Introduction to Radiation Physics. Constituents of Atoms. Atoms. Atoms. Atoms. Basic Atomic Theory
PAM1014 Introduction to Radiation Physics Basic Atomic Theory Objectives Introduce and Molecules The periodic Table Electronic Energy Levels Atomic excitation & de-excitation Ionisation Molecules Constituents
nuclear energy facts
nuclear energy facts 2 Public concern over, and support for, nuclear energy has waxed and waned over the past half century. Concerns amplified as a result of the Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Japan
Fission fragments or daughters that have a substantial neutron absorption cross section and are not fissionable are called...
KNOWLEDGE: K1.01 [2.7/2.8] B558 Fission fragments or daughters that have a substantial neutron absorption cross section and are not fissionable are called... A. fissile materials. B. fission product poisons.
Particle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Name: Partner(s): Lab #7 Particle Soup: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Purpose The student explores how helium was made in the Big Bang. Introduction Very little helium is made in stars. Yet the universe is
2 ATOMIC SYSTEMATICS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE
2 ATOMIC SYSTEMATICS AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE In this chapter the principles and systematics of atomic and nuclear physics are summarised briefly, in order to introduce the existence and characteristics of
Atomic structure. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Atomic structure This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
Nuclear Energy Factsheet
Nuclear Energy Factsheet The issues around the generation of electricity through nuclear energy are many and varied, this factsheet is intended to focus on the environmentally-related concerns. It does
HOW IT WORKS ELECTRICITY GENERATION
10 2 ELECTRICITY IN ONTARIO Ontario gets its electricity from a mix of energy sources. About half of our electricity comes from nuclear power. The remainder comes from a mix of hydroelectric, coal, natural
What Is Energy? Energy and Work: Working Together. 124 Chapter 5 Energy and Energy Resources
1 What You Will Learn Explain the relationship between energy and work. Compare kinetic and potential energy. Describe the different forms of energy. Vocabulary energy kinetic energy potential energy mechanical
Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
A n = 2 to n = 1. B n = 3 to n = 1. C n = 4 to n = 2. D n = 5 to n = 2
North arolina Testing Program EO hemistry Sample Items Goal 4 1. onsider the spectrum for the hydrogen atom. In which situation will light be produced? 3. Which color of light would a hydrogen atom emit
6-4 STATUS OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING, PARTITIONING AND TRANSMUTATION
November 2003 NWMO BACKGROUND PAPERS 6. TECHNICAL METHODS 6-4 STATUS OF NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING, PARTITIONING AND TRANSMUTATION David P. Jackson McMaster University NWMO Background Papers NWMO has commissioned
Master Degree in Nuclear Engineering: Academic year 2007-2008
Master Degree in Nuclear Engineering: Academic year 2007-2008 Number of students 2007-2008: University Politehnica Bucharest Total: 17 Language: Romanian For further information: www.cne.pub.ro Dates Title
Basic Nuclear Concepts
Section 7: In this section, we present a basic description of atomic nuclei, the stored energy contained within them, their occurrence and stability Basic Nuclear Concepts EARLY DISCOVERIES [see also Section
Thursday 13 June 2013 Morning
THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION H Thursday 13 June 2013 Morning GCSE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE PHYSICS A A182/02 Modules P4 P5 P6 (Higher Tier) *A137290613* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2012 SCORING GUIDELINES Question1 Read the following article from the Fremont Gazette and answer the questions that follow. (a) Identify and describe TWO water-related environmental
Chapter NP-5. Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Reactions TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 NUCLEAR REACTIONS 2.0 NEUTRON INTERACTIONS
Chapter NP-5 Nuclear Physics Nuclear Reactions TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 2.0 NEUTRON INTERACTIONS 2.1 ELASTIC SCATTERING 2.2 INELASTIC SCATTERING 2.3 RADIATIVE CAPTURE 2.4 PARTICLE
Nuclear Power: A Good Choice. Faith Sam Issues in Science and Technology 3303 Dr. Demers
Nuclear Power: A Good Choice Faith Sam Issues in Science and Technology 3303 Dr. Demers Outline History France as a good example How nuclear power is created Negative sides Why nuclear power is a good
How nuclear products keep us healthy and safe
How nuclear products keep us healthy and safe Millions of Ontarians benefit from electricity generated by Ontario Power Generation. Few people are aware that the company also brings benefits to people
Homework #10 (749508)
Homework #10 (749508) Current Score: 0 out of 100 Description Homework on quantum physics and radioactivity Instructions Answer all the questions as best you can. 1. Hewitt10 32.E.001. [481697] 0/5 points
July 30, 2012 Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters Government-TEPCO Med-and-long Term Response Council
Supplementary Document 1 Research and Development Road Map for Decommissioning Units 1 4 at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant July 30, 2012 Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters Government-TEPCO
History of the Atom & Atomic Theory
Chapter 5 History of the Atom & Atomic Theory You re invited to a Thinking Inside the Box Conference Each group should nominate a: o Leader o Writer o Presenter You have 5 minutes to come up with observations
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION. Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION Submission on Issues Paper 3: Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities 3.8 What issues should be considered in
NUCLEI. Chapter Thirteen. Physics 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 ATOMIC MASSES AND COMPOSITION OF NUCLEUS
Chapter Thirteen NUCLEI 13.1 INTRODUCTION In the previous chapter, we have learnt that in every atom, the positive charge and mass are densely concentrated at the centre of the atom forming its nucleus.
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon
Lesson 6: Earth and the Moon Reading Assignment Chapter 7.1: Overall Structure of Planet Earth Chapter 7.3: Earth s Interior More Precisely 7-2: Radioactive Dating Chapter 7.5: Earth s Magnetosphere Chapter
Atomic Structure: Chapter Problems
Atomic Structure: Chapter Problems Bohr Model Class Work 1. Describe the nuclear model of the atom. 2. Explain the problems with the nuclear model of the atom. 3. According to Niels Bohr, what does n stand
Nuclear Power: Villain or Victim?
Nuclear Power: Villain or Victim? OUR MOST MISUNDERSTOOD SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY SECOND EDITION Max W. Carbon Emeritus Professor of Nuclear Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison 1997, 2006 Max W. Carbon.
DEMONSTRATION ACCELERATOR DRIVEN COMPLEX FOR EFFECTIVE INCINERATION OF 99 Tc AND 129 I
DEMONSTRATION ACCELERATOR DRIVEN COMPLEX FOR EFFECTIVE INCINERATION OF 99 Tc AND 129 I A.S. Gerasimov, G.V. Kiselev, L.A. Myrtsymova State Scientific Centre of the Russian Federation Institute of Theoretical
CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING
CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING Essential Standard: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER,
AZ State Standards. Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred.
Forms of Energy AZ State Standards Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in Disorder Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and transferred. PO 1. Describe the following ways in which
Japan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1. Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan
Japan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1 Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan Thank you Mr. chairman for your kind introduction. Good Morning
Azeri, Chirag & Gunashli Full Field Development Phase 3 Environmental & Socio-economic Impact Assessment. A10.1 Introduction...
APPENDIX 10 Normally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Contents A10.1 Introduction... A10/3 A10.2 Occurrence & Concentration of NORM in Oil and Gas Operations... A10/4 A10.2.1 Probability of NORM formation
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
CANADA S RESOURCES: CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY Introduction Canadians are among the highest energy consumers in the world. Why? (list 3 possible reasons) Northern climate/very cold temperatures
ATOMS AND BONDS. Bonds
ATOMS AND BONDS Atoms of elements are the simplest units of organization in the natural world. Atoms consist of protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral charge) and electrons (negative charge). The
Prospect of Hitachi Nuclear Business (Boiling Water Reactor)
Prospect of Hitachi Nuclear Business (Boiling Water Reactor) 42 Prospect of Hitachi Nuclear Business (Boiling Water Reactor) Masahito Yoshimura Shoichiro Kinoshita Hiroshi Arima Nobuo Tada OVERVIEW: To
6.7: Explaining the Periodic Table pg. 234
Unit C: Atoms, elements, and Compounds 6.7: Explaining the Periodic Table pg. 234 Key Concepts: 3. Elements are organized according to their atomic number and electron arrangement on the periodic table.