CO2 Emissions. Indirect CO 2. Emissions Electricity and Heat Production 25 % Direct Emissions AFOLU 24 % Energy 1,4% Buildings 6,4 % Industry 11 %

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2 CO2 Emissions Direct Emissions AFOLU 24 % Buildings 6,4 % Transport 14 % 49 Gt CO2 eq (2010) Indirect CO 2 Emissions Electricity and Heat Production 25 % Energy 1,4% Industry 11 % Transport 0,3 % Industry 21 % Other Energy 9,6 % Buildings 12 % AFOLU 0,87 % IPCC WGIII AR5 Summary for Policymakers

3 Direct and Indirect CO2 Emissions AFOLU 24,87 % Other Energy 11 % 49 Gt CO2 eq (2010) Industry 33 % Buildings 18,4 % Transport 14,3 % IPCC WGIII AR5 Summary for Policymakers

4 Housing Costs and Average Income = 1994 [ % ] Growth since 1994 [ % ] growth of housing costs growth of average income growth of housing costs growth of average income Statistic Austria

5 Factors increasing the Housing Costs OIB Fire Safety Energy Public Fees Higher Claims legal and regulatory framework Private outdoor spaces special planners sound humidity equipment expanse auto space durability Low financing rates

6 Overall Energy Demand energy demand 300 [kwh/m2a] Electrical energy for appliances Electrical energy for lighting Electrical energy for building technology Electrical energy for space ventilation Water heating Space cooling Space heating Munich Re Office Building DE, Munich ETH E-Science Lab Extension HIT CH, Zurich Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

7 Strategy to create Buildings with Low Energy Costs humidity visual comfort rainfall temperature Climate radiation sun path wind light temperature Comfort material acoustic relative humidity Goal How to reduce primary energy demand and CO2 in the most efficient way window to wall ratio operable windows roof insulation wall insulation façade air tightness Building Optimization floor insulation construction glazing shading compactness energy distribution Technical System energy conservation

8 Comfort and Potential Savings Potential for Co2 Emission Reduction Comfort 90 Personal Comfort 80 Daylight 70 Views 60 Temperature Range 22 C-26 C Humidity 40% 50 CO2 Analogous to Outside Air 40 Acoustic Reverberation 0,9 30 Consistent Light levels 20 Comfortable light Levels 10 Untreated Fresh Air 0 Building Optimization Technical Systems Building Optimization Technical Systems

9 Building According to Standard temperature [ C] special energy consumption [kwh/m 2 year] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan heating cooling internal temperature to norm [ C] external temperature [ C] comfortable temperarure range [ C] Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

10 Optimised Optimized Building Building Envelope temperature [ C] special energy consuption [kwh/m 2 year] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecJan Jan Heizen heating Kühlen cooling internal temperature to norm [ C] optimised internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] comfortable temperarure temperature range [ C] Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

11 Optimization of a Building Geometric Factors Used Area /Floor space Envelope Area /Floor space Opaque Surfaces /Floor space Glazed Surfaces /Floor space Use of Daylight /Floor space Night Cooling /Floor space Construction Factors U-Values? G-Values? Airtightness? The buildings is determined by its uses. Big over small windows Thick over Thin Walls Compact over small buildings

12 What does physics tell us today? ( Formal description of the laws of nature ) U-Value Calculations will be more complex Heat capacity evaluation of buildings are missing Daylight Calculations are in developement Air quality statements of 36m 3 /p.p. are not empirically quantified Primary Energy calculations are political statements that only serve the needs of different groups involved User behavior has the greatest impact on the Energy consumption of optimized buildings Occupant usage can only be represented in scenarios Dynamic evaluation methods lead to much more accurate approximations than Static More Research Less speculation Back to basic knowledge Rejection of assumptions Recognize what you do not know Worst/Best case scenario considerations Consideration of the whole

13 temperature [ C] Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec special energy consuption [kwh/m 2 year] Self-Determination 5 Star Hotel Humidity 40% Daylight Natural Fresh Air Odor Heizen Kühlen internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] comfortable temperature range [ C] Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

14 With what strategies do we want to achieve the objectives Optimized building The building responds to the user the temperature, CO2 level and movement of the user remain Keep the Thermal Mass exposed 76% of floors and ceilings, 12% load bearing inner walls, 12% load bearing outer walls We will replace the hardware (heating, ventilation) by software (control) Optimize the use of daylight The building is use neutral ( offices, apartments, gallery, canteen,..) The arrangement of ventilation according to fluidic logic (high simulation effort) The use of light as a backup system use the available One person creates 80 Wh the ventilation requirement of approximately 20m3 (36m3) outside air just +1 C just 80 Wh

15 0 10m Regelgeschoss und Schnitt

16 Control by Software

17 Heat Capacity External and internal temperature of the empty building temperature [ C] Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec special energy consuption [kwh/m 2 year] The range of variation in the year is max. 8 C Heizen Kühlen internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] comfortable temperature range [ C] Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin Dynamic Behaviour Model

18 Heat Capacity External and internal temperature of the used building without any control system temperature [ C] Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec special energy consuption [kwh/m 2 year] The building without the Control System is cooleded to 18 C and heated to 28 C Heizen Kühlen internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] comfortable temperature range [ C] Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

19 Artificial Lighting vs. Daylight Hours artificial lighting [Wh/m 2 per day] daylight hours [h/day] artificial lighting [kwh/m 2 year] per year] Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec USA Heizen EU Kühlen 2226 artificial lighting [Wh/m 2 per day] daylight hours [h/day] similar type of building (north america) similar type of building (europe) 2226 Prof. Dr. Lars Junghans Dr. ETH Peter Widerin

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22 Top 7 April 1 Person temperature [ C] Mo Mo Mo CO 2 [ppm] 0 Mo internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] CO 2 [ppm] comfortable temperature range [ C]

23 Top 7 September 1 Person temperature [ C] Mo Mo Mo Mo CO 2 [ppm] 0 Mo Little Usage temperature fluctuations ± 0,3 C CO2 under ambient air internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] CO 2 [ppm] comfortable temperature range [ C]

24 Top 11 April 5-6 People, printer, copier temperature [ C] Mo Mo Mo CO 2 [ppm] 0 Mo internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] CO 2 [ppm] comfortable temperature range [ C]

25 Top 11 September 5-6 People, printer, copier temperature [ C] Mo Mo Mo Mo CO 2 [ppm] 0 Mo Much use 90 See CO2 Levels 80 Weekend is not working temperature fluctuations 50 ± 0,7 C internal temperature [ C] external temperature [ C] CO 2 [ppm] comfortable temperature range [ C]

26 Overall Consumption of Electricity electricity consumption [Wh/m 2 per day] electricity special energy consumption consuption [kwh/m 2 per year] year] Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Heizen Kühlen operation energy (elevator, server, outdoorlight, coffee machine, refrigarator, plotter, copier, artpieces, etc...) ec cause to daylight diversification (incl. work at night, dysregulation) ec cause to CO2 and temperature controll ec [Wh/m 2 per day] measuring VKW ( 08/13-03/14 ) ec [Wh/m 2 per day] calculated ( Apr - Jul ) similar type of building

27 The Brick POROTHERM 38 H.i N+F POROTHERM 38 N+F

28 The Ceiling

29 The Floor

30 The Window The Door

31 The Finery

32 The Window Sill

33 The Electric

34 The Light

35 The Core

36 The Glass Door

37 The Stair

38 The Furniture

39 The Garden

40 La Maison du Savoir Esch Belval

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