ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

Transcription

1 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 01. The three major types and classification of receivables are as follows: Type Classification (1) Accounts receivable Current asset (2) Notes receivable Current or noncurrent asset depending on due date (3) Other receivables Current or noncurrent asset depending on due date 02. Other receivables include nontrade receivables such as interest receivable, loans to company officers, advances to employees, and income taxes refundable. 03. Accounts Receivable Interest Revenue Under the direct write-off method, bad debt losses are not estimated and no allowance account is used. When an account is determined to be uncollectible, the loss is debited to Bad Debts Expense. The direct write-off method makes no attempt to match bad debts expense to sales revenues, or to show the net realizable value of the receivables in the balance sheet. The disadvantages are that it may not match expenses with revenue and it does not accurately reflect the collectible value of the accounts receivable on the balance sheet. 5. The essential features of the allowance method of accounting for bad debts are: (1) Uncollectible accounts receivable are estimated in advance, in order to match the cost of the bad debts against sales in the same accounting period in which the sale occurred. (2) Estimated uncollectibles are debited to Bad Debts Expense and credited to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts through an adjusting entry at the end of each period.

2 (3) Actual uncollectibles are debited to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and credited to Accounts Receivable at the time a specific account is written off.0

3 Questions Chapter 9 (Continued) 6. Net realizable value is the difference between Accounts Receivable (normal debit balance) and the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (normal credit balance). Soo Eng should realize that the decrease in net realizable value occurs when estimated uncollectibles are recognized in an adjusting entry (debit Bad Debt Expense; credit Allowance for Doubtful Accounts). The write-off of an uncollectible account reduces both accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts by the same amount. Thus, net realizable value does not change. 7. The two bases of estimating uncollectibles under the allowance method are (1) percentage of sales (income statement method) and (2) percentage of receivables (balance sheet method). The percentage of sales basis establishes a percentage relationship between the amount of credit sales and expected losses from uncollectible accounts. This method emphasizes the matching of expenses with revenues. Under the percentage of receivables basis, the balance in the allowance for doubtful accounts is derived either (a) by applying a percentage estimate of bad debts to total receivables or (b) from an analysis of individual customer accounts. This method emphasizes net realizable value. 8. The adjusting entry under the percentage of sales basis is: Bad Debts Expense... 4,100 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 4,100 The adjusting entry under the percentage of receivables basis is: Bad Debts Expense... 2,300 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($5,800 $3,500) 2, The first entry is made to reverse write-off of the account receivable. The second entry records the collection of the account.

4 Questions Chapter 9 (Continued) 10. The reasons companies sometimes sell their receivables are: (1) For competitive reasons, sellers often must provide financing to purchasers of their goods for extended periods. Selling receivables provides a more current source of cash to help finance operations. (2) Receivables may be sold because they may be the only reasonable source of cash readily at hand. (3) Billing and collection are often time-consuming and costly. As a result, it is often easier for a retailer to sell the receivable to another party who has expertise in billing and collection matters. This will also speed up the collection of cash. 11. By using both its own credit cards, bank credit cards, and debit cards, Sears provides more options to its customers, increases its revenue, and reduces its risk. The journal entries for each type of card follow: Sears card: Dr. Accounts Receivable Cr. Sales Revenue Bank credit card or debit card: Dr. Cash Dr. Credit / Debit Card Expense Cr. Sales Revenue 12. (a) Principal = $12,000 [($360 x 12/4) 9%] (b) Interest = $5,400 [$30,000 x 6% x 3] (c) Interest rate = 8.33% [($2,500 x 12/6) $60,000] (d) Time = 3 months [$875 ($50,000 x 7%) 12]

5 Questions Chapter 9 (Continued) 13. Accounts receivable are amounts owed by customers on account, resulting from the sale of goods and services in the normal course of business operations (i.e., in trade). Interest is not normally charged on accounts receivable unless they are overdue. Accounts receivable are normally collected within 30 or so days. Notes receivable represent claims that are evidenced by formal instruments of credit. A promissory note gives the holder a stronger legal claim than one on an account receivable. As a result, it is easier to sell to another party. Promissory notes are negotiable instruments, which means they can be transferred to another party by endorsement. Interest is normally charged on notes receivable for the entire maturity period. Notes receivable can extend for any period of time, from 30 days to a number of years. 14. Payee Accounts Receivable... Notes Receivable... Interest Revenue... Maker May Company Notes Payable... Interest Expense... Accounts Payable... xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 15. Each of the major types of receivables should be identified in the balance sheet or in the notes to the financial statements. Both the gross amount of receivables and the allowance for doubtful accounts / notes should be reported. If collectible within a year or the operating cycle, whichever is longer, these receivables are reported as current assets immediately below temporary investments. 16. An increase in the current ratio normally indicates an improvement in short-term liquidity. This may not always be the case because the composition of current assets may vary. In order to determine if the increase is an improvement in financial health, other ratios that should be considered include: Receivable turnover and collection period and inventory turnover and days sales in inventory ratios.

6 Questions Chapter 9 (Continued) 17. Receivables turnover = Net credit sales Average accounts receivable Net credit sales = Receivables turnover x Average accounts receivable Net credit sales = x $4,542,500 Net credit sales = $36,604,828

7 SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES BRIEF EXERCISE 9-1 (a) Other receivables (b) Notes receivable (c) Accounts receivable BRIEF EXERCISE 9-2 July 1 Accounts Receivable... 14,000 Sales... 14,000 8 Sales Returns and Allowances... 3,800 Accounts Receivable... 3, Cash... 10,200 Accounts Receivable ($14,000 $3,800)... 10,200 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-3 April 30 Bad Debt Expense [($800,000 $50,000) X 2%]... 15,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 15,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-4 (a) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense [($400,000 X 1%) $3,000] 1,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 (b) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense [($400,000 X 1%) + $800] 4,800 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 4,800

8 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-5 (a) Jan. 24 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 7,000 Accounts Receivable... 7,000 (b) Accounts receivable Allowance for doubtful accounts Net realizable value (1) (1) Before Write-Off (2) After Write-Off $700, ,000 $646,000 $693, ,000 $646,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-6 March 4 Accounts Receivable... 7,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 7,000 Cash... 7,000 Accounts Receivable... 7,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-7 Bank credit card: July 27 Cash ($75 $2.62) Credit Card Expense ($75 X 3.5%) Sales (a) Debit card: The above entry would not change unless the fee is different, except that the account used to record the fee is called Debit Card Expense. (b) Nonbank card: July 27 Accounts Receivable ($75 $2.62) Credit Card Expense ($75 X 3.5%) Sales

9 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-8 (a) Total Interest = $15,000 [$900,000 x 10% x 2/12] (b) Interest Rate = 8% [($ x 12) $79,000] (c) Principal = $56,000 [($1,680 x 12/6) 6%] BRIEF EXERCISE 9-9 Jan. 10 Accounts Receivable Opal... 9,000 Sales... 9,000 Feb. 9 Notes Receivable Opal... 9,000 Accounts Receivable Opal... 9,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-10 (a) Apr. 1 Notes Receivable... 10,000 Accounts Receivable... 10,000 July 1 Cash... 10,175 Notes Receivable... 10,000 Interest Revenue ($10,000 x 7% x 3/12) (b) Apr. 1 Notes Receivable... 10,000 Accounts Receivable... 10,000 July 1 Accounts Receivable... 10,175 Notes Receivable... 10,000 Interest Revenue ($10,000 x 7% x 3/12) (c) Apr. 1 Notes Receivable... 10,000 Accounts Receivable... 10,000 July 1 Allowance for Doubtful Notes... 10,000 Notes Receivable... 10,000

10 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-11 (a) Feb. 28 Bad Debts Expense... 36,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 36,000 (b) WENDY COMPANY Balance Sheet (Partial) February 28, 2003 Assets Current assets Cash $090,000 Accounts receivable... $600,000 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts... 36, ,000 Merchandise inventory ,000 Prepaid expenses... 13,000 Total current assets... $797,000 BRIEF EXERCISE 9-12 Receivables turnover $11,006 [($420 + $380) 2] = times Collection period 365 days = days

11 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES EXERCISE Jan. 6 Accounts Receivable Watson.... 5,000 Sales... 5,000 Feb. 5 Cash... 5,000 Accounts Receivable Watson... 5, Jan. 10 Accounts Receivable Giger... 11,000 Sales... 11,000 Feb. 12 Cash... 6,000 Accounts Receivable Giger... 6,000 Mar. 10 Accounts Receivable Giger Interest Revenue [2% X ($11,000 $6,000)] EXERCISE 9-2 (a) (1) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 8,000 [($840,000 $40,000) X 1%] Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 8,000 (2) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 8,500 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 8,500 [($110,000 X 10%) $2,500] (b) (1) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 4,000 [($840,000 $40,000) X 0.5%] Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 4,000 (2) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 6,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 6,000 [($110,000 X 5%) + $500]

12 EXERCISE 9-3 (a) Accounts Receivable Amount % 0-30 days outstanding days outstanding days outstanding Over 90 days outstanding $65, , , , Estimated Uncollectible $1,300 01,760 02,550 03,200 $8,810 (b) Mar. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 7,010 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 7,010 ($8,810 $1,800) EXERCISE Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense (2% X $400,000)... 8,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 8, May 11 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,100 Accounts Receivable Worthy... 1,100 June 12 Accounts Receivable Worthy... 1,100 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1, Cash... 1,100 Accounts Receivable Worthy... 1,100

13 EXERCISE 9-5 (a) Dec. 15 Cash ($250 - $7.50) Credit Card Expense ($250 x 3%) Sales (b) Apr. 2 Accounts Receivable Zachos... 1, Sales... 1, May 3 Cash Accounts Receivable Zachos June 1 Accounts Receivable Zachos Interest Revenue [28.8% X ($1,300 $700) x 1/12 ] EXERCISE 9-6 One possible reason CN sold its receivables may have been to provide it with a source of current financing. Other possible reasons include not wanting to deal with the administration of collecting accounts, the desire to accelerate cash receipts, or to improve its financial ratios (e.g., receivables turnover).

14 EXERCISE 9-7 Nov. 1 Notes Receivable A. Morgan... 18,000 Cash... 18,000 Dec. 1 Notes Receivable Wright.... 3,600 Sales... 3, Notes Receivable Barnes... 4,000 Accounts Receivable Barnes... 4, Interest Receivable Interest Revenue* *Calculation of interest revenue: Morgan: $18,000 X 10% X 2/12... $300 Wright: $3,600 X 6% X 1/ Barnes: $4,000 X 8% X 0.5/ Total accrued interest... $331 EXERCISE May 1 Notes Receivable Jones... 10,500 Accounts Receivable Jones... 10,500 Dec. 31 Interest Receivable Interest Revenue ($10,500 X 10% X 8/12) May 1 Cash... 11,550 Notes Receivable Jones... 10,500 Interest Receivable Interest Revenue ($10,500 X 10% X 4/12)

15 EXERCISE 9-9 (a) Nov. 1 Accounts Receivable Fein... 4,200 Notes Receivable Fein... 4,000 Interest Revenue ($4,000 X 10% X 6/12) To record the dishonour of Fein Inc. note, with expectation of future collection. (b) Nov. 1 Allowance for Doubtful Notes... 4,000 Notes Receivable Fein... 4,000 To record the dishonour of Fein Inc. note, with no expectation of collection. EXERCISE 9-10 (a) Jan. 15 Accounts Receivable... 15,000 Sales... 15, Cash ($4,500 $225)... 4,275 Credit Card Expense ($4,500 X 5%) Sales... 4, Cash ($1,000 - $30) Debit Card Expense ($1,000 X 3%) Sales... 1,000 Feb. 10 Cash... 12,000 Accounts Receivable... 12, Accounts Receivable ($3,000 X 18% x 1/12).. 45 Interest Revenue (b) Interest Revenue is reported under other revenues and gains. The Credit Card Expense and Debit Card Expense accounts are usually categorized as selling expenses.

16 EXERCISE 9-11 DROST COMPANY Balance Sheet (Partial) October 31, 2003 (In millions) Assets Current assets Accounts receivable... $2,907 Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts $2,876 Advances to employees... 5 Notes receivable HST recoverable Total current assets... $3,134 EXERCISE 9-12 Nike Receivables Turnover $8,995.1 $1,569.4 = 5.73 times 365 days 5.73 = 63.7 days Reebok $2,899.9 $417.4 = 6.95 times 365 days 6.95 = 52.5 days Nike s receivable turnover and collection period are not as good as Reebok s or the industry average. Reebok s ratios are slightly better than the industry average.

17 SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS PROBLEM 9-1A (a) 1. Accounts Receivable... 3,300,000 Sales... 3,300,000 (b) 2. Sales Returns and Allowances... 50,000 Accounts Receivable... 50, Cash... 2,800,000 Accounts Receivable... 2,800, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 90,000 Accounts Receivable... 90, Accounts Receivable... 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 25,000 Cash... 25,000 Accounts Receivable... 25,000 Accounts Receivable Bal. 960,000 (1) 3,300,000 (5) 25,000 (2) 50,000 (3) 2,800,000 (4) 90,000 (5) 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (4) 90,000 Bal. 70,000 (5) 25,000 Bal. 1,320,000 Bal. 5,000

18 PROBLEM 9-1A (Continued) (c) Balance before adjustment [see (b)]... $ 5,000 Balance needed ,000 Adjustment required... $120,000 The journal entry would therefore be as follows: March 31 Bad Debts Expense ,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000

19 PROBLEM 9-2A (a) $38,000 (b) $63,000 ($2,100,000 X 3%) The balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is irrelevant. (c) $47,400 [($840,000 X 6%) $3,000] (d) $53,400 [($840,000 X 6%) + $3,000] (e) The weaknesses of the direct write-off method are two-fold. First, it does not match expenses with revenues. Second, the accounts receivable are not stated at their estimated net realizable value at the balance sheet date.

20 PROBLEM 9-3A (a) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 16,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 16,050 (a) and (b) Bad Debts Expense Estimated bad debts $25,050 Less: Unadjusted balance 9,000 Adjustment required $16,050 Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec. 31 Adjusting entry 16,050 16,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec Mar. 1 May 1 Balance Adjusting entry 1,000 16,050 00,1,000 09,000 25,050 24,050 25,050

21 PROBLEM 9-3A (Continued) (b) 1. Mar. 1 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1, May 1 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 1 Cash... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 (c) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 12,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 12,050 ($37,100 - $25,050)

22 PROBLEM 9-4A (a) Accounts Receivable Amount % 0-30 days outstanding days outstanding days outstanding Over 90 days outstanding $100,000 60,000 50,000 30, Estimated Uncollectible $ 1,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 $16,500 (b) Bad Debts Expense... 6,500 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($16,500 $10,000) 6,500 (c) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 2,000 Accounts Receivable... 2,000 (d) Accounts Receivable... 1,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 Cash... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 (e) When an allowance is established, an estimate is made of the accounts receivable or credit sales that will not be collected. An entry is made to record this estimate in the period in which the sale occurred. This matches the estimated expense with the revenue it generated. SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS PROBLEM 9-1A

23 (a) 1. Accounts Receivable... 3,300,000 Sales... 3,300,000 (b) 2. Sales Returns and Allowances... 50,000 Accounts Receivable... 50, Cash... 2,800,000 Accounts Receivable... 2,800, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 90,000 Accounts Receivable... 90, Accounts Receivable... 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 25,000 Cash... 25,000 Accounts Receivable... 25,000 Accounts Receivable Bal. 960,000 (1) 3,300,000 (5) 25,000 (2) 50,000 (3) 2,800,000 (4) 90,000 (5) 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (4) 90,000 Bal. 70,000 (5) 25,000 Bal. 1,320,000 Bal. 5,000

24 PROBLEM 9-1A (Continued) (c) Balance before adjustment [see (b)]... $ 5,000 Balance needed ,000 Adjustment required... $120,000 The journal entry would therefore be as follows: March 31 Bad Debts Expense ,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000

25 PROBLEM 9-2A (a) $38,000 (d) $63,000 ($2,100,000 X 3%) The balance in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is irrelevant. (c) $47,400 [($840,000 X 6%) $3,000] (d) $53,400 [($840,000 X 6%) + $3,000] (e) The weaknesses of the direct write-off method are two-fold. First, it does not match expenses with revenues. Second, the accounts receivable are not stated at their estimated net realizable value at the balance sheet date.

26 PROBLEM 9-3A (a) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 16,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 16,050 (a) and (b) Bad Debts Expense Estimated bad debts $25,050 Less: Unadjusted balance 9,000 Adjustment required $16,050 Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec. 31 Adjusting entry 16,050 16,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec Mar. 1 May 1 Balance Adjusting entry 1,000 16,050 00,1,000 09,000 25,050 24,050 25,050

27 PROBLEM 9-3A (Continued) (b) 1. Mar. 1 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1, May 1 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 1 Cash... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 (c) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 12,050 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 12,050 ($37,100 - $25,050)

28 PROBLEM 9-4A (a) Accounts Receivable Amount % 0-30 days outstanding days outstanding days outstanding Over 90 days outstanding $100,000 60,000 50,000 30, Estimated Uncollectible $ 1,000 3,000 5,000 7,500 $16,500 (b) Bad Debts Expense... 6,500 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ($16,500 $10,000) 6,500 (e) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 2,000 Accounts Receivable... 2,000 (d) Accounts Receivable... 1,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 1,000 Cash... 1,000 Accounts Receivable... 1,000 (e) When an allowance is established, an estimate is made of the accounts receivable or credit sales that will not be collected. An entry is made to record this estimate in the period in which the sale occurred. This matches the estimated expense with the revenue it generated.

29

30 PROBLEM 9-5A (a) Bad Debts Expense (3% X $1,000,000)... 30,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 30,000 (b) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 37,000 Accounts Receivable... 37,000 (c) Accounts Receivable... 5,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 5,000 Cash... 5,000 Accounts Receivable... 5,000 (d) Beginning balance... $09,000 Add: Bad debt expense... 30,000 Recovery of account... 5,000 Deduct: Write-off of uncollectible accounts... (37,000) Ending balance... $ 7,000 (e) When the percentage of sales (income statement) method is used to estimate bad debts, recoveries of accounts previously written off do not directly affect the bad debts expense (They may have an indirect effect, by influencing the estimator s judgment regarding the appropriate percentage of sales to use). If the percentage of receivables (balance sheet) method of providing for bad debts was used, the recovery would have a direct effect by increasing the balance is the allowance account and therefore reducing the expense to be recorded in the year-end adjustment.

31 PROBLEM 9-6A Accounts Receivable Yr. 1 Balance 8,300,000 Sales 28,500,000 Write-offs 105,000 Collections 27,195,000 Yr. 2 Balance 9,500,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Yr. 1 Balance 750,000 Bad debts 285,000 Write-offs 105,000 Yr. 2 Balance 930,000 Year 2 Bad Debts Expense ,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000 Accounts Receivable... 28,500,000 Sales... 28,500,000 ($285,000 = 1% of sales; Therefore sales = $28,500,000) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000 Accounts Receivable ,000 ($750,000 + $285,000 $930,000 = $105,000) Cash ,195,000 Accounts Receivable... 27,195,000 ($8,300,000 + $28,500,000 $105,000 $9,500,000 = $27,195,000)

32 PROBLEM 9-7A (a) Merchandise inventory at beginning of year... $36,000 Add: Purchases... 60,000 Goods available for sale... 96,000 Less: Merchandise inventory at end of year... 32,000 Cost of goods sold... 64,000 Add: Gross profit... 27,000 Total sales... 91,000 Less: Cash sales... 15,000 Credit sales... $76,000 (b) Accounts receivable at beginning of year... $24,000 Add: Credit sales... 76, ,000 Less: Accounts collected during the year... $61,000 Accounts written off during the year... 1,000 62,000 Accounts receivable at end of year... $38,000 Accounts Receivable Beg. balance 24,000 Credit sales 76,000 Write-offs 1,000 Collections 61,000 End. balance 38,000

33 PROBLEM 9-8A Jan. 5 Accounts Receivable Brooks Company... 7,000 Sales... 7,000 Feb. 2 Notes Receivable Brooks Company... 7,000 Accounts Receivable Brooks Company... 7, Notes Receivable Gage Company... 7,800 Sales... 7, Accounts Receivable Mathias Co... 4,000 Sales... 4,000 Apr. 5 Notes Receivable Mathias Co.... 4,000 Accounts Receivable Mathias Co.... 4, Cash ($7,800 + $130)... 7,930 Notes Receivable Gage Company... 7,800 Interest Revenue ($7,800 X 10% X 2/12) June 2 Cash ($7,000 + $187)... 7,187 Notes Receivable Brooks Company... 7,000 Interest Revenue ($7,000 X 8% X 4/12) July 4 Accounts Receivable Mathias Co... 4,080 ($4,000 + $80) Notes Receivable Mathias Co.... 4,000 Interest Revenue ($4,000 X 8% X 3/12) Notes Receivable Tritt Inc.... 5,000 Sales... 5,000 Oct. 13 Allowance for Doubtful Notes... 5,000 Notes Receivable Tritt Inc.... 5,000 Dec. 31 No entry required

34 PROBLEM 9-9A (a) Oct. 1 Cash... 8,080 Notes Receivable Foran... 8,000 Interest Receivable ($8,000 X 6% X 2/12) 7 Accounts Receivable... 6,900 Sales... 6, Cash ($750 $26.25) Credit Card Expense ($750 X 3.5%) Sales Accounts Receivable Interest Revenue Accounts Receivable Drexler... 8,160 Notes Receivable Drexler... 8,000 Interest Receivable ($8,000 X 12% X 1/12) Interest Revenue ($8,000 X 12% X 1/12) 31 Interest Receivable ($12,000 X 9% X 1/12) Interest Revenue... 90

35 PROBLEM 9-9A (Continued) (b) Notes Receivable Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance Oct Balance 8,000 8,000 28,000 20,000 12,000 Accounts Receivable Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance Oct ,900 0,485 8,160 06,900 07,385 15,545 Interest Receivable Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance Oct Balance (c) TARDIF COMPANY Balance Sheet (partial) October 31, 2003 Assets Current assets Notes receivable... $12,000 Accounts receivable... 15,545 Interest receivable Total current assets... $27,635

36 PROBLEM 9-9A (Continued) (d) Oct. 31 Allowance for Doubtful Notes... 8,080 Notes Receivable Drexler... 8,000 Interest Receivable Note that the interest previously accrued on this note should be written off, as well as the note itself. Also, no interest would be accrued for October.

37 PROBLEM 9-10A (a) Current ratio $1,125 $1,903 = 0.6:1 $1,527 $1,777 = 0.9:1 Acid test ratio $756 $1,903 = 0.4:1 $1,110 $1,777 = 0.6:1 (b) Receivables turnover $5,446 $770 = 7.1x $5,261 $603.5 = 8.7x Collection period 365 days 7.1 = 51.4 days 365 days 8.7 = 42.0 days (c) CN s short-term liquidity has deteriorated. The current and acid test ratios both declined. The receivables turnover is less and the average collection period is longer.

38 PROBLEM 9-1B (a) 1. Accounts Receivable... 2,600,000 Sales... 2,600, Sales Returns and Allowances... 40,000 Accounts Receivable... 40, Cash... 2,300,000 Accounts Receivable... 2,300, Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 65,000 Accounts Receivable... 65, Accounts Receivable... 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 25,000 Cash... 25,000 Accounts Receivable... 25,000 (b) Bad Debts Expense... 51,200 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 51,200 [($2,600,000 - $40,000) X 2%] (c) Accounts Receivable Bal. 1,000,000 (1) 2,600,000 (5) 25,000 (2) 40,000 (3) 2,300,000 (4) 65,000 (5) 25,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (4) 65,000 Bal. 60,000 (5) 25,000 51,200 Bal. 1,195,000 Bal. 71,200

39 PROBLEM 9-2B (a) $24,000 (b) $45,000 ($1,500,000 X 3%) (c) $27,000 [($600,000 X 5%) $3,000] (d) $32,000 [($600,000 X 5%) + $2,000] (e) The direct write-off method of reporting bad debts expense is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles because it does not match expenses with the associated revenues. In addition, the accounts receivable are not stated at their net realizable value at the balance sheet date. (f) The answer will vary depending on which method the student prefers. Example: Although either method is acceptable, I prefer the percentage of receivables (ageing) basis because I believe it results in a better estimate. It also may lead to better accounts receivable management because of the focus on the age of individual accounts and evaluation of loss percentages in each age category. Often, I find it helpful to use both methods together to help check the reasonableness of the estimate.

40 PROBLEM 9-3B (a) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 18,950 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 18,950 ($28,950 $10,000) (b) 1. Mar. 31 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts Receivable May 31 Accounts Receivable Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Cash Accounts Receivable Bad Debts Expense Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec. 31 Adjusting 18,950 18,950 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Date Explanation Ref. Debit Credit Balance 2002 Dec Mar. 31 May 31 Balance Adjusting , ,000 28,950 28,150 28,950 (c) Dec. 31 Bad Debts Expense... 2,970 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 2,970 ($40,000 - $37,030)

41 PROBLEM 9-4B (a) Total estimated bad debts Number of Days Past Due Total Over 90 Accounts receivable $375,000 $220,000 $90,000 $40,000 $25,000 % uncollectible 1% 4% 5% 10% Estimated bad debts $10,300 $2,200 $3,600 $2,000 $2,500 (b) Bad Debts Expense... 20,300 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 20,300 [$10,300 + $10,000] (c) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 5,000 Accounts Receivable... 5,000 (d) Accounts Receivable... 5,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 5,000 Cash... 5,000 Accounts Receivable... 5,000 (e) If Image.com used 3% of accounts receivable rather than ageing the accounts the allowance at year-end, the adjustment would be $21,250 [($375,000 x 3%) + $10,000]. The remaining entries would remain unchanged. (f) Ageing the accounts rather than applying a percentage to the total accounts receivable should produce a more accurate allowance and bad debt expense when the ageing of the accounts change. It also focuses management attention on the receivables and the loss percentages, which can result in better receivables management.

42 PROBLEM 9-5B (a) Accounts Receivable... 1,300,000 Sales... 1,300,000 (b) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 41,000 Accounts Receivable... 41,000 (c) Accounts Receivable... 5,200 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 5,200 Cash... 5,200 Accounts Receivable... 5,200 (d) Accounts receivable: Beginning balance... $ 150,000 Add: Credit sales... 1,300,000 1,450,000 Deduct: Collections on account... $1,225,000 Write-off of uncollectible accounts... 41,000 1,266,000 Unadjusted balance... $ 184,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts: Beginning balance... $10,000 Add: Recovery of account... 5,200 Deduct: Write-off of uncollectible accounts... 41,000 Unadjusted balance... $25,800 Debit (e) Bad Debts Expense [(12% X $184,000) + $25,800) 47,880 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts... 47,880

43 PROBLEM 9-5B (Continued) (f) Accounts receivable: Beginning balance... $ 150,000 Add: Credit sales... 1,300,000 1,450,000 Deduct: Collections on account... $1,225,000 Write-off of uncollectible accounts... 41,000 1,266,000 Ending balance... $ 184,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts: Beginning balance... $10,000 Add: Recovery of account... 5,200 Bad debts expense... 47,880 63,080 Deduct: Write-off of uncollectible accounts... 41,000 Ending balance... $22,080

44 PROBLEM 9-6B Accounts Receivable Yr. 1 Balance 4,100,000 Sales 22,500,000 Write-offs 150,000 Collections 21,650,000 Yr. 2 Balance 4,800,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Yr. 1 Balance 350,000 Bad debts 225,000 Write-offs 150,000 Yr. 2 Balance 425,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000 Accounts Receivable ,000 Bad Debts Expense ,000 Allowance for Doubtful Accounts ,000 ($350,000 $150,000 $425,000 = $225,000) Accounts Receivable... 22,500,000 Sales... 22,500,000 ($225,000 = 1% of sales; Therefore sales = $22,500,000) Cash ,650,000 Accounts Receivable... 21,650,000 ($4,100,000 + $22,500,000 $150,000 $4,800,000 = $21,650,000)