CAN Bus Based Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Wind Turbines

Transcription

1 CAN Bus Based Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System for Wind Turbines Mohan Kumar.S 1, Senthil.P 2 1 PG Student, smk.736@gmail.com, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg College, Puducherry, INDIA 2 Assistant Professor, sendhilanm@gmail.com, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engg College, Puducherry, INDIA ISSN: X Abstract Electrical energy can be produced using fossil fuels and also by natural resources. The production of electrical energy using fossil fuels is costlier when compared to natural resources. Solar, wind, thermal and tidal energy are most widely used natural resources for the production of electrical energy. The cost of the wind is extremely higher and work in harsh and unattended environment. Hence the monitoring and the automaton of wind turbine are necessary. The project describes the monitoring and fault diagnosis system for wind turbine using CAN interface. Wind turbine monitoring system collects the parameters such as Speed of rotation, Temperature, Voltage and Oil level from the wind mill unit. Depending on the collected data from the monitoring system the fault diagnosis unit sends SMS to the corresponding person in case fault occurrence. The system consist of GSM modem, microcontroller, CAN controller, and sensors for measuring parameters of wind turbine. Microcontroller is the key element in processing module which keeps on monitors the wins turbine parameters. CAN controller is used to communicate between the monitoring unit and fault diagnosis unit. For every particular amount of time, microcontroller preprocessed the sensed data and it will update the parameter values to the corresponding person through mobile. Keywords: CAN bus, ATMega328P, fault monitoring, diagnosis, GSM 1. Introduction Wind is the natural movement of air from high pressure area to low pressure area caused by difference in temperature before a particular period of time has passed in the atmosphere. Wind energy is a kind of Green energy which is effective because of advancement in technologies and low cost. Wind energy is the most advanced renewable energy at the present time [2]. Using such wind energy a turbine is providing to rotate and electricity is produce. Wind turbine is a rotating mechanical device that transmits wind energy in to mechanical energy resulting in the production of electricity. The wind turbine design is to maximize the aerodynamic efficiency, or power extracted from the wind. But this objective should be met by well satisfying mechanical strength criteria and economical aspects. In this video we will see impact of number of blades, blade shape and blade length and tower height on wind turbine design. As we increase number of blades, cost of the system increases drastically. Along with that mechanical design of blades also becomes a difficult affair. With more number of blades, blades should be thinner to be aerodynamically efficient. But blades with thinner portion at the root may not withstand bending stress induced due to axial wind load. So generally wind turbines with 3 blades which can accommodate a thicker root cross-section are used. Wind turbine monitoring system collects the parameters such as Speed, Temperature, vibration, power, voltage and current from the main elements of turbines such as shaft, gear box, generator and nacelle. Determining on the collected data from the monitoring system analysis done and the fault diagnosis system makes the choice of location and the fault type to be occurs in the wind turbine. This analysis is uploaded to the mobile web server and an SMS is sent if there is possible of fault occurrence. 211

2 CAN bus is one the Field bus control system which is used in automation, intelligence and networking. CAN protocol have been designed by Robert Bosch in 1986 for automotive application. As it is a method for enabling robust serial communication. The importance of using CAN bus in the automation is an added value to the system and increase its reliability. The determination of using CAN bus is to enable any system to communicate with other system without adding heavy load to the main controller [7]. CAN bus is a speed serial bus with the speed of 1 Mbps that is designed to provide an efficient, reliable and economical link between various CAN systems, sensors and actuators Introduction to CAN CAN bus is a network protocol which is used for exchange of ideas between the microcontrollers or any other devices with-out the use of any control computer. CAN is originally designed for industrial networking but at the present it finds wide use in automation, mobile machines, military and other harsh environment monitoring application. CAN bus does not carry any address between the transmitter and the receiver. Instead it holds the unique identifier which is a numeric value used to label the message throughout the network. Each of the receiving nodes provides the acceptance or uses the filtering to check whether the message is relevant to the particular node or not [3]. If the message is appropriate to the particular node the message is accepted and processed or else the message gets distorted. The CAN protocol is based on a bus topology, and only two wires are needed for communication over a CAN bus. The bus has a multimaster structure where each device on the bus can send or receive data. Only one device can send data at any time while all the others listen. If two or more devices attempt to send data at the same time, the one with the highest priority is allowed to send its data while the others return to receive mode. CAN bus protocol is flexible. The devices connected to the bus have no addresses which means data are not transmitted from one node to another based on addresses. Instead all nodes in the system receive every message should be kept or discarded. A single message can be destined for a particular node or for many nodes depending on how the system is designed. The data on CAN bus is differential and can be in two states: dominant and recessive. The bus defines a logic bit 0 as a dominant bit and a logic bit 1 as a recessive bit. We use CAN to communicate between the Wind turbine and the control center which adopts client/server frame works to implement the monitoring and fault diagnosis system. 2. Fault detection in wind turbine Fault or defect is defined as the termination of the capability of an object to complete a function. When a situation in which something stops working properly inside the wind turbine like, High oil temperature in gearbox, the control unit logs the failure without changing or registers the effect of the fault is noticed and responds referring to the type of function is failure. Some unspecified times, in order to avoid hazards or main system breakdowns; the turbine has to be turn off [5]. Frequently they are again started because of wrong failure notice, which could be caused by sound within the system, and therefore these faults are not taken as crucial problems. If the failure is dangerous, a visual inspection has to be made which can be carried out by the operators or by official personnel. At the dispute, every important failure occurs be noticed and the report is documented. Wind turbine rotors are prone to obtain creep and damage fatigue, which can be carefully watched as cracks and delamination in the blades. Moreover, dirt, ice, bird collisions, dampness or manufacturing faults can cause the rotor blades being imbalance and having asymmetric aerodynamic. Gear tooth damages, high speed and low speed shafts faults are the often caused failures in wind turbine gearbox. Similarly, vibration measurement and spectrum analysis are chosen for gearbox monitoring. 212

3 Stator, bearing and the rotor inside the generator are subject to cause failures. Usually, the faults in generators could be identified by current measurement. Pitch mechanism, Yaw system and Electrical system faults are also cause on system efficiency and even some breakdown. 3. A deliberate system design CAN controller is used to communicate between the wind turbine and the control room or technical person. For every particular amount of time, microcontroller preprocesses the sensed data and it will update the parameter values to the control room or technical person via GSM module. Memory module is also provided for future references. Monitoring parameters are more important in diagnosis sys-tem. The vibration parameters are observed from nacelle, gear box, generator shaft. The rotation speed is measured from slow shaft, fast shaft and generator shaft. Oil levels to be monitored are lubricant, brake oil. Yawing is observed from the nacelle. The system composed of microcontroller, GSM module, CAN controller, and parameters of wind turbine. Microcontroller has great effect and it is the primary or key element in processing module which continues on monitor the wind turbine parameters. The block diagram of processing module is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Block diagram The block diagram consist of various sensor and two CAN 2.0B is been used to check the fault occurrence in wind turbine. The CAN 2.0B is the new extended standard with 29bits of identifier. 2.0B controllers are completely backward compatible with 2.0A controllers and can receive and transmit messages in either format. The CAN 2.0A is capable of sending and receiving data only and 2.0B message will flag an error. The GSM modem can either be connected to PC serial port directly or to any microcontroller. It can be used to send and receive SMS or make/receive voice calls. It can also be used in GPRS mode to connect to internet and do many applications for data logging and control. In GPRS mode you can also connect to any remote FTP server and upload files for data logging. The entire system of working procedure is been shown in a flow chart representation in Fig

4 No yes Fig. 2. System Process In our paper we declare the system with ARDUINO and CAN protocol to monitor and diagnose the problems in the wind turbine application. The project deals with the data transmission between two units in the exact time without any disturbance. The data transmission time is increased with the CAN protocol. ARDUINO core1 runs with CAN and ATmega328 as wind turbine unit to which sensors are connected and ARDUINO core2 as Fault 214

5 diagnose and monitoring section. Data acquisition node collects the sensor data through CAN protocol. The basic view of this technique is to reduce the possibility of fault diagnosis and increase the monitoring of wind turbine. 4. CAN interface module CAN interface module is used to communicate the monitored parameters between the wind turbine and the control center. The CAN interface module contain three components CAN Transceiver (MCP 2551), CAN Controller (MCP 2515), ARDUINO. The CAN interface module MCP 2515 has two mode of operation: basic CAN which is a default mode and PeliCAN. CAN transceiver is required to shift the voltage levels of the microcontroller to those appropriate for the CAN bus. This will help to create the differential signal CAN High and CAN Low which are needed in CAN bus. This device must be able to withstand voltage tolerance which may be caused by noise. The ATmega328 contains the feature of signal processing [6]. The optocoupler and the power isolator are used to improve the reliability of CAN interface module. All of the nodes may not be used for complex functions and algorithms. Therefore to reduce the development cost and increase the system integrity, a node can consists of an MCP25050 chip which is manufactured for CAN bus system for simple input. 5. Simulated results The defect identification is done using the ARDUINO and the parameters are measured through the CAN interface module the monitored data is analyzed using the GSM module. The location and the type of faults are analyzed before it occurs and are transmitted from wind turbine to the control center through CAN bus and SMS is sent to the technical person to rectify the fault. Temperature sensor is used to monitor the low voltage transformer s windings shown in Fig. 3. The hall sensor is used to measure the magnetic field and static, as well as dynamic acceleration of a wind turbine shown in Fig. 4. The DC response device, it can handle static acceleration and produce accurate velocity and displacement data. Each CAN node by the power supply circuit, a microcontroller, CAN controller CAN transceiver. (CAN Controller Interface), the watchdog reset circuit and peripheral circuits and other system hardware block diagram. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the oil level and obstacles occurring inside the turbine. Fig. 3. ARDUINO output of monitoring temperature sensor parameter 215

6 Fig. 4. ARDUINO output of monitoring hall sensor parameter Fig. 5. ARDUINO output of monitoring ultrasonic sensor parameter 6. Conclusion The effect of harsh condition and the nature of large electro-mechanical system are the causes of fault to be in wind turbine. It is very important to perform the monitoring and fault diagnosis of wind turbine parameters. The CAN protocol which is used for serial communication which provides high data transmission rate and reliability. Therefore in this paper, the design of a remote monitoring and fault diagnosis system based on CAN and the SMS is sent regarding the location and the type of fault is proposed. Finally the System performance and the efficiency are effective and reliable. References [1] Fried, L.; Sawyer, S.; Shukla, S.; Qiao, L. Global Wind Report Annual Update; Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC): Brussels, Belgium,

7 [2] Y. Amirat, V. Choqueuse and M.E.H Benbouzid, University of Brest, France (2010) Wind turbines condition monitoring and fault diagnosis using generator current amplitude demodulation IEEE 2010 International Energy Conference, IEEE /10/$26.00, pp [3] Hines, V.; Ogilvie, A.; Bond, C. Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind (CREW) Database: Wind Turbine Reliability Benchmark Report; Sandia National Laboratories: Albuquerque, NM, USA,2013. [4] Zhang, P. Small Wind World Report 2012; World Wind Energy Association (WWEA). ISSN: X [5] Y.Lu, J. Tang, April 2012, Wind Turbine Gearbox Fault Detection using Multiple Sensors With Features Level Data Fusion Analytical techniques for performance monitoring of modern wind turbines, [6] Wenyi Liu, Baoping Tang, Yonghua Jiang, status and problems of wind turbine structural health monitoring techniques in china, IST National conference 2009, vol. 35, no. 7, pp , July [7] J.Nilsson and L.Bertling, Maintenance management of wind power systems using condition monitoring systems life cycle cost analysis for two case studies, IEEE transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 22, no. 1, pp , march [8] Mohanraj.M, Dr. Rani Thottungal, Jaikumar K, Coimbatore (2013) A CAN bus based system for monitoring and fault diagnosis in wind turbine IEEE /13/$31.00 pp [9] J.Ribrant and L.Bertling, Survey of failures in Wind power systems with focus on Swedish wind power plants during , IEEE transactions on Energy conversion, vol. 22, no, 1, pp , March [10] K. Tindell, H. Hansson, and A. Wellings (1994) Analyzing realtime communications: controller area network (CAN), Proceedings IEEE Real-Time System, pp